CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9FMP-FVVG-6VR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 18:30An URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability [CWE-601] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiNAC-F 7.6.0 through 7.6.5, FortiNAC-F 7.4 all versions, FortiNAC-F 7.2 all versions may allow a remote privileged attacker with system administrator role to redirect users to an arbitrary website via crafted CSV file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-21741"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T16:16:35Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "An URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability [CWE-601] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiNAC-F 7.6.0 through 7.6.5, FortiNAC-F 7.4 all versions, FortiNAC-F 7.2 all versions may allow a remote privileged attacker with system administrator role to redirect users to an arbitrary website via crafted CSV file.",
"id": "GHSA-9fmp-fvvg-6vr2",
"modified": "2026-04-14T18:30:35Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T18:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-118"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9FPR-8CM5-JHJR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:22 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:22An Open URL Redirect issue exists in Zurmo 3.2.1.57987acc3018 via an http: URL in the redirectUrl parameter to app/index.php/meetings/default/createMeeting.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16569"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-06T08:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Open URL Redirect issue exists in Zurmo 3.2.1.57987acc3018 via an http: URL in the redirectUrl parameter to app/index.php/meetings/default/createMeeting.",
"id": "GHSA-9fpr-8cm5-jhjr",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:22:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:22:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitbucket.org/zurmo/zurmo/issues/431/open-url-redirects-unvalidated-redirects"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9GJJ-GMCX-6FHJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-04 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-08 15:32An open redirect vulnerability existed in MISP UsersController::routeafterlogin() because the value stored in the pre_login_requested_url session key was used as the post-login redirect destination without sufficiently enforcing that it was a local application path.
An unauthenticated remote attacker could craft a link that causes a victim to visit a trusted MISP instance and, after successful authentication, be redirected to an attacker-controlled external URL. This could be abused to increase the credibility of phishing attacks, redirect users to counterfeit login pages, or deliver attacker-controlled content from an untrusted domain. CWE-601 describes this weakness as accepting user-controlled input that specifies an external link and using it in a redirect, with phishing as a common consequence.
The patch mitigates the issue by decoding and parsing the URL, rejecting URLs with a scheme, host, user component, missing or non-local path, and protocol-relative forms such as //example.com and /\example.com.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-10861"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-04T14:16:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability existed in MISP UsersController::routeafterlogin() because the value stored in the pre_login_requested_url session key was used as the post-login redirect destination without sufficiently enforcing that it was a local application path.\n\n\n\n\nAn unauthenticated remote attacker could craft a link that causes a victim to visit a trusted MISP instance and, after successful authentication, be redirected to an attacker-controlled external URL. This could be abused to increase the credibility of phishing attacks, redirect users to counterfeit login pages, or deliver attacker-controlled content from an untrusted domain. CWE-601 describes this weakness as accepting user-controlled input that specifies an external link and using it in a redirect, with phishing as a common consequence. \n\n\n\n\nThe patch mitigates the issue by decoding and parsing the URL, rejecting URLs with a scheme, host, user component, missing or non-local path, and protocol-relative forms such as //example.com and /\\example.com.",
"id": "GHSA-9gjj-gmcx-6fhj",
"modified": "2026-06-08T15:32:42Z",
"published": "2026-06-04T15:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-10861"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ae760b7bf534f2798810d59a1f961b31adb3443e"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Green",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9GQF-FGQ7-978P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:44 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:44Open redirect vulnerability in Splunk Enterprise 6.4.x prior to 6.4.2, Splunk Enterprise 6.3.x prior to 6.3.6, Splunk Enterprise 6.2.x prior to 6.2.11 and Splunk Light prior to 6.4.2 allows to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-4857"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-12T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in Splunk Enterprise 6.4.x prior to 6.4.2, Splunk Enterprise 6.3.x prior to 6.3.6, Splunk Enterprise 6.2.x prior to 6.2.11 and Splunk Light prior to 6.4.2 allows to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-9gqf-fgq7-978p",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:44:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:44:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN39926655/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.splunk.com/view/SP-CAAAPQM"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9GVX-79RG-73X7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 19:57 – Updated: 2024-04-03 23:59Open redirect vulnerability in the password reset functionality in POSH 3.0 through 3.2.1 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the redirect parameter to portal/scr_sendmd5.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-2213"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-22T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in the password reset functionality in POSH 3.0 through 3.2.1 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the redirect parameter to portal/scr_sendmd5.php.",
"id": "GHSA-9gvx-79rg-73x7",
"modified": "2024-04-03T23:59:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T19:57:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-2213"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sysdream.com/news/lab/posh-3-2-1-multiple-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q1/444"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/65843"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9H33-G3WW-MQFF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-09 17:24 – Updated: 2026-03-10 18:43Impact
A flaw in callback URL validation allowed crafted redirect_uri values containing URL userinfo (@) to bypass legitimate callback pattern checks. If an attacker can trick a user into opening a malicious authorization link, the authorization code may be redirected to an attacker-controlled host.
Patches
Fixed in v2.3.1 (commit 3a339e33191c31b68bf57db907f800d9de5ffbc8).
The fix replaces delimiter-based callback matching with structured URL pattern matching and updates validation logic/tests.
Workarounds
- Reject callback URLs containing userinfo (
@) at reverse proxy / app policy level if feasible.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.0-20260228130835-3a339e33191c"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-28512"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-09T17:24:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T17:38:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nA flaw in callback URL validation allowed crafted `redirect_uri` values containing URL userinfo (`@`) to bypass legitimate callback pattern checks. If an attacker can trick a user into opening a malicious authorization link, the authorization code may be redirected to an attacker-controlled host.\n\n### Patches\nFixed in `v2.3.1` (commit 3a339e33191c31b68bf57db907f800d9de5ffbc8).\nThe fix replaces delimiter-based callback matching with structured URL pattern matching and updates validation logic/tests.\n\n### Workarounds\n- Reject callback URLs containing userinfo (`@`) at reverse proxy / app policy level if feasible.",
"id": "GHSA-9h33-g3ww-mqff",
"modified": "2026-03-10T18:43:02Z",
"published": "2026-03-09T17:24:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/security/advisories/GHSA-9h33-g3ww-mqff"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28512"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/3a339e33191c31b68bf57db907f800d9de5ffbc8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Pocket ID: OAuth redirect_uri validation bypass via userinfo/host confusion"
}
GHSA-9HFG-2WCX-MFH7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Vulnerability in the WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Console). Supported versions that are affected are 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise WebLogic Server. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in WebLogic Server, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all WebLogic Server accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all WebLogic Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.7 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35258"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:40:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Console). Supported versions that are affected are 14.1.2.0.0 and 15.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise WebLogic Server. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in WebLogic Server, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all WebLogic Server accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all WebLogic Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.7 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-9hfg-2wcx-mfh7",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:21Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9HG5-7HWC-V434
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:05 – Updated: 2022-11-04 22:32Open redirect vulnerability in Athenz v1.8.24 and earlier allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a specially crafted page.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.yahoo.athenz:athenz"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.8.25"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-6035"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-04T22:32:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-26T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in Athenz v1.8.24 and earlier allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a specially crafted page.",
"id": "GHSA-9hg5-7hwc-v434",
"modified": "2022-11-04T22:32:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:05:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yahoo/athenz/pull/700"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AthenZ/athenz/commit/c4dc89b31fda501af45c20b33db620a077079744"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/AthenZ/athenz"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN57070811/index.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Athenz vulnerable to Open Redirect"
}
GHSA-9HJ8-4RC7-P6VH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:42 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:38Open Redirect vulnerability in Hitachi Device Manager before 8.5.2-01 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9297"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-29T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Redirect vulnerability in Hitachi Device Manager before 8.5.2-01 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites.",
"id": "GHSA-9hj8-4rc7-p6vh",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:38:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:42:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Prod/comp/soft1/global/security/info/vuls/hitachi-sec-2017-114"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98775"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9J63-QCFC-89VG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:29 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:29An issue was discovered in Open-AudIT Professional 2.1. It is possible to inject a malicious payload in the redirect_url parameter to the /login URI to trigger an open redirect. A "data:text/html;base64," payload can be used with JavaScript code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-8937"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-26T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Open-AudIT Professional 2.1. It is possible to inject a malicious payload in the redirect_url parameter to the /login URI to trigger an open redirect. A \"data:text/html;base64,\" payload can be used with JavaScript code.",
"id": "GHSA-9j63-qcfc-89vg",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:29:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:29:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8937"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nileshsapariya.blogspot.ae/2018/03/open-redirect-to-reflected-xss-open.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.