CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2312 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JH26-J8CJ-QF46
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-10 15:30 – Updated: 2025-06-10 15:30SolarWinds Observability Self-Hosted
is susceptible to an open redirection vulnerability. The URL is not properly sanitized, and an attacker could manipulate the string to redirect a user to a malicious site. The attack complexity is high, and authentication is required.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26394"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-10T15:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SolarWinds Observability Self-Hosted\n\n is susceptible to an open redirection vulnerability. The URL is not properly sanitized, and an attacker could manipulate the string to redirect a user to a malicious site. The attack complexity is high, and authentication is required.",
"id": "GHSA-jh26-j8cj-qf46",
"modified": "2025-06-10T15:30:48Z",
"published": "2025-06-10T15:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26394"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.solarwinds.com/en/success_center/orionplatform/content/release_notes/hco_2025-2_release_notes.htm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.solarwinds.com/trust-center/security-advisories/CVE-2025-26394"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JH7F-G4J5-2F7H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-27 21:32 – Updated: 2025-03-03 18:31Nagios XI 2024R1.2.2 is vulnerable to an open redirect flaw on the Tools page, exploitable by users with read-only permissions. This vulnerability allows an attacker to craft a malicious link that redirects users to an arbitrary external URL without their consent.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-54957"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-27T20:16:01Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Nagios XI 2024R1.2.2 is vulnerable to an open redirect flaw on the Tools page, exploitable by users with read-only permissions. This vulnerability allows an attacker to craft a malicious link that redirects users to an arbitrary external URL without their consent.",
"id": "GHSA-jh7f-g4j5-2f7h",
"modified": "2025-03-03T18:31:25Z",
"published": "2025-02-27T21:32:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Sharpe-nl/CVEs/tree/main/CVE-2024-54957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nagios.com/products/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JH7Q-5MWF-QVHW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-10-07 21:28A flaw was found in Keycloak before 13.0.0, where it is possible to force the server to call out an unverified URL using the OIDC parameter request_uri. This flaw allows an attacker to use this parameter to execute a Server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "13.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10770"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601",
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-07T21:28:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-15T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in Keycloak before 13.0.0, where it is possible to force the server to call out an unverified URL using the OIDC parameter `request_uri`. This flaw allows an attacker to use this parameter to execute a Server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack.",
"id": "GHSA-jh7q-5mwf-qvhw",
"modified": "2022-10-07T21:28:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak-documentation/pull/1086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/pull/7714"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1846270"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.redhat.com/browse/KEYCLOAK-14019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.redhat.com/browse/KEYCLOAK-3426"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/164499/Keycloak-12.0.1-Server-Side-Request-Forgery.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Keycloak vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery"
}
GHSA-JHCR-83JP-PJVR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:14 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:14Kibana versions before 4.6.3 and 5.0.1 have an open redirect vulnerability that would enable an attacker to craft a link in the Kibana domain that redirects to an arbitrary website.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-10365"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-16T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Kibana versions before 4.6.3 and 5.0.1 have an open redirect vulnerability that would enable an attacker to craft a link in the Kibana domain that redirects to an arbitrary website.",
"id": "GHSA-jhcr-83jp-pjvr",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:14:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:14:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.elastic.co/community/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHFR-W52P-37QV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-05 18:30 – Updated: 2023-06-05 18:30A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in WooFramework Tweaks Plugin up to 1.0.1 on WordPress. Affected by this vulnerability is the function admin_screen_logic of the file wooframework-tweaks.php. The manipulation of the argument url leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0.2 is able to address this issue. The identifier of the patch is 3b57d405149c1a59d1119da6e0bb8212732c9c88. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier VDB-230653 was assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-10113"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-05T16:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in WooFramework Tweaks Plugin up to 1.0.1 on WordPress. Affected by this vulnerability is the function admin_screen_logic of the file wooframework-tweaks.php. The manipulation of the argument url leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0.2 is able to address this issue. The identifier of the patch is 3b57d405149c1a59d1119da6e0bb8212732c9c88. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier VDB-230653 was assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-jhfr-w52p-37qv",
"modified": "2023-06-05T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2023-06-05T18:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-10113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wp-plugins/wooframework-tweaks/commit/3b57d405149c1a59d1119da6e0bb8212732c9c88"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.230653"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.230653"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHQW-CQ3Q-2P2G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-18 15:31 – Updated: 2026-06-06 09:31URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in HAVELSAN Liman MYS allows Cross-Site Flashing.This issue affects Liman MYS: before 2.1.1 - 1010.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1269"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-18T14:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in HAVELSAN Liman MYS allows Cross-Site Flashing.This issue affects Liman MYS: before 2.1.1 - 1010.",
"id": "GHSA-jhqw-cq3q-2p2g",
"modified": "2026-06-06T09:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-02-18T15:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1269"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/limanmys/core/releases/tag/release.master.1010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-25-0038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0038"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JJ3P-6MW3-6QMM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:44 – Updated: 2023-02-13 00:30A vulnerability was found in Moodle 3.7 to 3.7.1, 3.6 to 3.6.5, 3.5 to 3.5.7 and earlier unsupported versions, where the mobile launch endpoint contained an open redirect in some circumstances, which could result in a user's mobile access token being exposed. (Note: This does not affect sites with a forced URL scheme configured, mobile service disabled, or where the mobile app login method is "via the app").
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14830"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-19T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Moodle 3.7 to 3.7.1, 3.6 to 3.6.5, 3.5 to 3.5.7 and earlier unsupported versions, where the mobile launch endpoint contained an open redirect in some circumstances, which could result in a user\u0027s mobile access token being exposed. (Note: This does not affect sites with a forced URL scheme configured, mobile service disabled, or where the mobile app login method is \"via the app\").",
"id": "GHSA-jj3p-6mw3-6qmm",
"modified": "2023-02-13T00:30:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:44:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=d4985a77391123c5959db432c076328f8d5e3624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git;a=commit;h=d4985a77391123c5959db432c076328f8d5e3624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=391036"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JJ78-5FMV-MV28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-03 21:31 – Updated: 2024-10-09 23:46URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Express. This vulnerability affects the use of the Express Response object. This issue impacts Express: from 3.4.5 before 4.0.0-rc1.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "express"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.4.5"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.0-rc1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9266"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-09T17:03:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-03T19:15:05Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Express. This vulnerability affects the use of the Express Response object. This issue impacts Express: from 3.4.5 before 4.0.0-rc1.",
"id": "GHSA-jj78-5fmv-mv28",
"modified": "2024-10-09T23:46:55Z",
"published": "2024-10-03T21:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9266"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/expressjs/express"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/expressjs/express/compare/3.4.4...3.4.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.herodevs.com/vulnerability-directory/cve-2024-9266"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Express Open Redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-JJHM-F66G-QVQ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:00 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:00IBM BigFix Inventory v9 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8961"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-01T20:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM BigFix Inventory v9 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim.",
"id": "GHSA-jjhm-f66g-qvq9",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:00:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:00:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8961"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21995037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95128"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JJVJ-F9JX-5JV4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:42 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:42On BIG-IP Advanced WAF and ASM version 15.1.x before 15.1.0.2, 15.0.x before 15.0.1.4, 14.1.x before 14.1.2.5, 13.1.x before 13.1.3.4, 12.1.x before 12.1.5.2, and 11.6.x before 11.6.5.2, when receiving a unauthenticated client request with a maliciously crafted URI, a BIG-IP Advanced WAF or ASM virtual server configured with a DoS profile with Proactive Bot Defense (versions prior to 14.1.0), or a Bot Defense profile (versions 14.1.0 and later), may subject clients and web servers to Open Redirection attacks. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Software Development (EoSD) are not evaluated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22984"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-12T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "On BIG-IP Advanced WAF and ASM version 15.1.x before 15.1.0.2, 15.0.x before 15.0.1.4, 14.1.x before 14.1.2.5, 13.1.x before 13.1.3.4, 12.1.x before 12.1.5.2, and 11.6.x before 11.6.5.2, when receiving a unauthenticated client request with a maliciously crafted URI, a BIG-IP Advanced WAF or ASM virtual server configured with a DoS profile with Proactive Bot Defense (versions prior to 14.1.0), or a Bot Defense profile (versions 14.1.0 and later), may subject clients and web servers to Open Redirection attacks. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Software Development (EoSD) are not evaluated.",
"id": "GHSA-jjvj-f9jx-5jv4",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:42:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:42:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K33440533"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.