Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-73

Allowed

External Control of File Name or Path

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.

1349 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GCVE-1337-2026-000000000… (CVE-2026-105037)

Vulnerability from gna-1337 – Published: 2026-10-15 20:43 – Updated: 2026-10-15 20:43 Exclusively Hosted Service

Title

EnergizeLab Station Middleware Authenticated Path Traversal Arbitrary File Read

Summary

EnergizeLab station-middleware (NestJS) Docker images 1.6.5 through 1.8.2 allow any registered, low-privilege account to read arbitrary files from the server by supplying an attacker-controlled file path. This exposes middleware files and server secrets.

Severity

9.9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CNA · AHA (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path

Assigner

AHA! GNA GNA-1337

GNA scorecard C 73/100 over 11 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/xn0tsa/your-secrets-are-safe-with-me	technical-description
https://takeonme.org/gcves/GCVE-1337-2026-0000000…	third-party-advisory
https://www.theverge.com/tech/1010727/eiliko-robo…	media-coverage

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
EnergizeLab	station-middleware	Affected: 1.6.5 , ≤ 1.8.2 (semver)

Date Public

2026-10-15 12:00

Credits

Sammy Azdoufal todb of AHA!

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-119672 (GCVE-0-2026-119672)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 16:09 – Updated: 2026-11-03 17:44

Title

mongofiles may disclose GridFS content to standard output through a stored filename

Summary

MongoDB Database Tools mongofiles uses a database-stored GridFS filename as the output destination for get_id when --local is not specified. A user who can modify the file metadata can set the stored filename to '-', causing a later authorized retrieval to write the file contents to standard output instead of a local file. If standard output is captured in a location accessible to that user, this may disclose GridFS content the user cannot read directly. Exploitation requires a higher-privileged operator to retrieve the affected file without an explicit local destination and attacker access to the captured output. This issue affects MongoDB Database Tools from version 3.1.4 through versions before 100.20.1.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

4.8 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-03 17:44 UTC

CWE

CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path

Assigner

mongodb CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 70/100 over 225 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-tools/blob/maste…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
MongoDB	Database Tools	Affected: 3.1.4 , < 100.20.1 (semver)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-119343 (GCVE-0-2026-119343)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 20:31 – Updated: 2026-11-02 15:03

Title

Stirling-PDF: AI create-pdf-from-html-agent skips HTML sanitization enabling WeasyPrint SSRF and local file read

Summary

Stirling-PDF is a locally hosted web application that facilitates various operations on PDF files. Prior to 3.0.0, POST /api/v1/ai/tools/create-pdf-from-html-agent accepts attacker-controlled htmlContent and passes it to WeasyPrint without CustomHtmlSanitizer, unlike the sanitized /api/v1/convert/html/pdf control path. HTTP and HTTPS resource references can make server-side requests to internal or cloud-metadata destinations, while file references can embed local content readable by the Stirling-PDF process into the generated PDF. The endpoint is reachable without credentials when security.enableLogin is false, and the flaw is distinct from earlier Stirling-PDF WeasyPrint vulnerabilities in older conversion paths. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.0.

Severity

6.8 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-02 15:03 UTC

CWE

CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7963 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/se…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/pu…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/co…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/re…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Stirling-Tools	Stirling-PDF	Affected: < 3.0.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
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CVE-2026-119328 (GCVE-0-2026-119328)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 19:50 – Updated: 2026-10-30 19:50

Title

Immich: Unauthenticated filesystem path injection (arbitrary directory write + recursive delete) in the machine-learning service

Summary

Immich is a high-performance self-hosted photo and video management solution. Prior to 3.3.0, the unauthenticated machine-learning /predict endpoint in machine-learning/immich_ml/main.py accepted an options object and passed its values into model construction in machine-learning/immich_ml/models/base.py without restricting security-sensitive parameters. An attacker with network access to the service could set cache_dir to an arbitrary writable path, causing model downloads to write there and causing clear_cache() to pass that path to shutil.rmtree() after selected model-loading failures. Depending on filesystem permissions and the selected path, this could modify files in mounted data locations or recursively delete an attacker-selected directory. The model-name allowlist prevents this issue from becoming arbitrary-model deserialization or code execution. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7963 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/immich-app/immich/security/adv…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/immich-app/immich/pull/31856	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/immich-app/immich/commit/ab159…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/immich-app/immich/releases/tag…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
immich-app	immich	Affected: < 3.3.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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          "value": "Immich is a high-performance self-hosted photo and video management solution. Prior to 3.3.0, the unauthenticated machine-learning /predict endpoint in machine-learning/immich_ml/main.py accepted an options object and passed its values into model construction in machine-learning/immich_ml/models/base.py without restricting security-sensitive parameters. An attacker with network access to the service could set cache_dir to an arbitrary writable path, causing model downloads to write there and causing clear_cache() to pass that path to shutil.rmtree() after selected model-loading failures. Depending on filesystem permissions and the selected path, this could modify files in mounted data locations or recursively delete an attacker-selected directory. The model-name allowlist prevents this issue from becoming arbitrary-model deserialization or code execution. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0."
        }
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CVE-2026-119298 (GCVE-0-2026-119298)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 16:12 – Updated: 2026-10-30 18:35

Title

croc: Overwrite-confirmation bypass via a crafted "croc-stdin-" filename on receive

Summary

croc is a tool that allows any two computers to simply and securely transfer files and folders. Prior to 11.5.2, the receive-side file-readiness loop in src/croc/croc.go treats any sender-controlled basename beginning with croc-stdin- as a trusted text-transfer artifact even when SendingText is false. This skips askReceiveOverwrite and rename handling for a predictable exact-name collision in the receiver's working directory, allowing a remote sender whose transfer the user accepts to overwrite or truncate a matching regular file through recipientInitializeFile, or to remove and replace a matching destination with an empty file or an in-directory symlink through createEmptyFileAndFinish, without confirmation. The impact is limited to pre-existing names in the croc-stdin- namespace that the sender can predict; other filenames retain the prompt, dotfiles outside that namespace are not reachable, and symlink targets remain confined to the receive directory. This issue is fixed in version 11.5.2.

Severity

4.2 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-30 18:25 UTC

CWE

CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7963 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/schollz/croc/security/advisori…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/schollz/croc/pull/1327	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/schollz/croc/commit/25fe49b6f1…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/schollz/croc/releases/tag/v11.5.2	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
schollz	croc	Affected: < 11.5.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-119250 (GCVE-0-2026-119250)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 18:26 – Updated: 2026-10-31 13:15

Summary

A malicious actor with local access and low privileges could exploit an External Control of File Name or Path vulnerability found in WiFiman Desktop to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges on the host device.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-29 20:40 UTC

CWE

CWE-73 - External control of file name or path

Assigner

Ubiquiti CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 59/100 over 42 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://community.ui.com/releases/Security-Adviso…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Ubiquiti Inc	WiFiman Desktop	Affected: 0 , < 1.3.0 (semver)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-119210 (GCVE-0-2026-119210)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 20:45 – Updated: 2026-11-03 16:45

Title

MariaDB Connector/J: LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE file check could be satisfied by text inside quoted identifiers, letting a malicious server read client files

Summary

MariaDB Connector/J is used to connect applications developed in Java to MariaDB and MySQL databases. From 3.0.0 until 3.3.7, 3.4.5, and 3.5.11, the ClientMessage.validateLocalFileName() check used a regular expression that could match LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE text inside quoted identifiers, string literals, or comments instead of requiring a real statement. A malicious or compromised server, or a machine-in-the-middle attacker, could return crafted database or table identifiers that the connector reused in metadata or updatable-result queries, then answer with a LOCAL INFILE request for a client file. With allowLocalInfile enabled, this caused the connector to stream any readable client-host file named by the crafted text, including through DatabaseMetaData.getImportedKeys(), DatabaseMetaData.getExportedKeys(), or ResultSet.updateRow() paths. This issue is fixed in versions 3.3.7, 3.4.5, and 3.5.11.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-03 16:42 UTC

CWE

CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7963 records in the last 180 days details

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-co…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-co…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-co…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-co…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-co…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-co…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-co…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
mariadb-corporation	mariadb-connector-j	Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.3.7 Affected: >= 3.4.0, < 3.4.5 Affected: >= 3.5.0, < 3.5.11

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-connector-j/releases/tag/3.3.7",
          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-connector-j/releases/tag/3.3.7"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-connector-j/releases/tag/3.4.5",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-connector-j/releases/tag/3.4.5"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-connector-j/releases/tag/3.5.11",
          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-connector-j/releases/tag/3.5.11"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-fhx5-2xqw-2cgm",
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      },
      "title": "MariaDB Connector/J: LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE file check could be satisfied by text inside quoted identifiers, letting a malicious server read client files"
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    "datePublished": "2026-10-29T20:45:38.135Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-29T16:04:48.729Z",
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CVE-2026-119198 (GCVE-0-2026-119198)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 20:11 – Updated: 2026-11-03 16:28

Title

Nuxt dev server arbitrary file read through client error reports

Summary

Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. From 4.6.0 until 4.6.3, a client with TCP access to an exposed Nuxt development server can send a nuxt:dev:client-error event over the HMR socket with an absolute file path at the end of its message. The development server reads that file while building the client error report and returns its contents through the error overlay, development error channel, and terminal report, bypassing Vite's server.fs allow list. The default localhost binding limits remote exposure, cross-origin browser requests are rejected, production builds and Nuxt 3 are not affected, and no browser interaction is required. This issue is fixed in version 4.6.3.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-03 16:27 UTC

CWE

CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7963 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/35856eb148bf8…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/aec8129f68e9b…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/releases/tag/v4.6.3	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
nuxt	nuxt	Affected: >= 4.6.0, < 4.6.3

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-118561 (GCVE-0-2026-118561)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 03:08 – Updated: 2026-10-30 03:08

Title

Single Content Sync - Critical - External control of file name or path - SA-CONTRIB-2026-274

Summary

External Control of File Name or Path vulnerability in Drupal Single Content Sync allows Path Traversal. This issue affects Single Content Sync versions: from 0.0.0 to 1.4.19.

Severity

No CVSS data available.

CWE

CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path

Assigner

drupal CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 281 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.drupal.org/sa-contrib-2026-274

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Drupal	Single Content Sync	Affected: 0.0.0 , < 1.4.19 (semver)

Date Public

2026-10-28 17:17

Credits

jvdkolk killianacc KÃ©vin Le lostec (klelostec) nicocha30 killianacc Oleksandr Kuzava (nginex) Swan Kalata (akalata) Greg Knaddison (greggles) Juraj Nemec (poker10) Jess (xjm)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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          "collectionURL": "https://www.drupal.org/project/single_content_sync",
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CVE-2026-116822 (GCVE-0-2026-116822)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 23:05 – Updated: 2026-10-27 14:15

Title

YesWiki before 4.7.0 Template Traversal via BazarListeAction template Parameter

Summary

YesWiki before 4.7.0 contains a path traversal vulnerability in BazarListeAction that allows unauthenticated attackers to select arbitrary templates within the @bazar Twig namespace via the template GET parameter. Attackers can append crafted template values to pages containing the bazarliste action to force unintended layouts, causing page defacement for visitors following the crafted link.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-27 13:46 UTC

CWE

CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7280 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/YesWiki/yeswiki/security/advis…	vendor-advisory
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/yeswiki-befo…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
YesWiki	yeswiki	Affected: 0 , < 4.7.0 (semver) Unaffected: 4.7.0 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki::::::::

Date Public

2026-10-12 00:00

Credits

manus-pi manus-use

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation

Architecture and Design

When the set of filenames is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design Operation

Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict all access to files within a particular directory.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-5.1

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.

Mitigation

Implementation

Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59).

Mitigation

Installation Operation

Use OS-level permissions and run as a low-privileged user to limit the scope of any successful attack.

Mitigation

Operation Implementation

If you are using PHP, configure your application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop your application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

Mitigation

Testing

Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.

CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values

The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-267: Leverage Alternate Encoding

An adversary leverages the possibility to encode potentially harmful input or content used by applications such that the applications are ineffective at validating this encoding standard.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-72: URL Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the URL. An adversary can take advantage of the multiple way of encoding an URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

CAPEC-80: Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack is a specific variation on leveraging alternate encodings to bypass validation logic. This attack leverages the possibility to encode potentially harmful input in UTF-8 and submit it to applications not expecting or effective at validating this encoding standard making input filtering difficult. UTF-8 (8-bit UCS/Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode. Legal UTF-8 characters are one to four bytes long. However, early version of the UTF-8 specification got some entries wrong (in some cases it permitted overlong characters). UTF-8 encoders are supposed to use the "shortest possible" encoding, but naive decoders may accept encodings that are longer than necessary. According to the RFC 3629, a particularly subtle form of this attack can be carried out against a parser which performs security-critical validity checks against the UTF-8 encoded form of its input, but interprets certain illegal octet sequences as characters.

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