Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-73
AllowedExternal Control of File Name or Path
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.
914 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-23317 (GCVE-0-2024-23317)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-11 02:39 – Updated: 2024-08-01 22:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
External Control of File Name or Path (CWE-73) in the Controller 6000 and Controller 7000 allows an attacker with local access to the Controller to perform arbitrary code execution.
This issue affects: 9.10 prior to vCR9.10.240520a (distributed in 9.10.1268(MR1)), 9.00 prior to vCR9.00.240521a (distributed in 9.00.1990(MR3)), 8.90 prior to vCR8.90.240520a (distributed in 8.90.1947 (MR4)), 8.80 prior to vCR8.80.240520a (distributed in 8.80.1726 (MR5)), 8.70 prior to vCR8.70.240520a (distributed in 8.70.2824 (MR7)), all versions of 8.60 and prior.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
13 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gallagher | Controller 6000 and Controller 7000 |
Affected:
0 , < 8.60
(custom)
Affected: 9.10 , ≤ vCR9.10.240520a (custom) Affected: 9.00 , ≤ vCR9.00.240521a (custom) Affected: 8.90 , ≤ vCR8.90.240520a (custom) Affected: 8.80 , ≤ vCR8.80.240520a (custom) Affected: 8.70 , ≤ vCR8.70.240520a (custom) |
|
| gallagher | controller_6000_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 8.60
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:gallagher:controller_6000_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| gallagher | controller_6000_firmware |
Affected:
8.70 , < 8.70.240520a
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:gallagher:controller_6000_firmware:8.70:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| gallagher | controller_6000_firmware |
Affected:
8.80 , < 8.80.240520a
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:gallagher:controller_6000_firmware:8.80:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| gallagher | controller_6000_firmware |
Affected:
8.90 , < 8.90.240520a
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:gallagher:controller_6000_firmware:8.90:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| gallagher | controller_6000_firmware |
Affected:
9.00 , < 9.00.240521a
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:gallagher:controller_6000_firmware:9.00:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| gallagher | controller_6000_firmware |
Affected:
9.10 , < 9.10.240520a
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:gallagher:controller_6000_firmware:9.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| gallagher | controller_7000_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 8.60
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:gallagher:controller_7000_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| gallagher | controller_7000_firmware |
Affected:
8.70 , < 8.70.240520a
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:gallagher:controller_7000_firmware:8.70:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| gallagher | controller_7000_firmware |
Affected:
8.80 , < 8.80.240520a
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:gallagher:controller_7000_firmware:8.80:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| gallagher | controller_7000_firmware |
Affected:
8.90 , < 8.90.240520a
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:gallagher:controller_7000_firmware:8.90:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| gallagher | controller_7000_firmware |
Affected:
9.00 , < 9.00.240521a
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:gallagher:controller_7000_firmware:9.00:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| gallagher | controller_7000_firmware |
Affected:
9.10 , < 9.10.240520a
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:gallagher:controller_7000_firmware:9.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-22341 (GCVE-0-2024-22341)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-22 00:38 – Updated: 2025-09-30 13:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IBM Watson Query on Cloud Pak for Data information disclosure
Summary
IBM Watson Query on Cloud Pak for Data 4.0.0 through 4.0.9, 4.5.0 through 4.5.3, 4.6.0 through 4.6.6, 4.7.0 through 4.7.4, and 4.8.0 through 4.8.7 could allow unauthorized data access from a remote data source object due to improper privilege management.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7183851 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | Watson Query on Cloud Pak for Data |
Affected:
4.8.0 , ≤ 4.8.7
(semver)
Affected: 4.7.0 , ≤ 4.7.4 (semver) Affected: 4.6.0 , ≤ 4.6.6 (semver) Affected: 4.5.0 , ≤ 4.5.3 (semver) Affected: 4.0.0 , ≤ 4.0.9 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:ibm:watson_query_with_cloud_pak_for_data_as_a_service:4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:watson_query_with_cloud_pak_for_data_as_a_service:4.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:watson_query_with_cloud_pak_for_data_as_a_service:4.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:watson_query_with_cloud_pak_for_data_as_a_service:4.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:watson_query_with_cloud_pak_for_data_as_a_service:4.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:watson_query_with_cloud_pak_for_data_as_a_service:4.6.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:watson_query_with_cloud_pak_for_data_as_a_service:4.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:watson_query_with_cloud_pak_for_data_as_a_service:4.7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:watson_query_with_cloud_pak_for_data_as_a_service:4.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:watson_query_with_cloud_pak_for_data_as_a_service:4.8.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-22178 (GCVE-0-2024-22178)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-03 13:55 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A file write vulnerability exists in the OAS Engine Save Security Configuration functionality of Open Automation Software OAS Platform V19.00.0057. A specially crafted series of network requests can lead to arbitrary file creation or overwrite. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open Automation Software | OAS Platform |
Affected:
V19.00.0057
|
|
| openautomationsoftware | oas_platform |
Affected:
19.00.0057
cpe:2.3:a:openautomationsoftware:oas_platform:19.00.0057:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-21870 (GCVE-0-2024-21870)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-03 13:55 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A file write vulnerability exists in the OAS Engine Tags Configuration functionality of Open Automation Software OAS Platform V19.00.0057. A specially crafted series of network requests can lead to arbitrary file creation or overwrite. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open Automation Software | OAS Platform |
Affected:
V19.00.0057
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-20652 (GCVE-0-2024-20652)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-09 17:57 – Updated: 2025-06-03 14:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows HTML Platforms Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Windows HTML Platforms Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
22 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.5329
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.0 , < 10.0.17763.5329
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.5329
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.5329
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.2227
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.0 , < 10.0.22000.2713
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19044.3930
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.3007
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.3930
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1507 |
Affected:
10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.20402
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.6614
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.6614
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.6614
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26910
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.26910
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24664
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.24664
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.21765
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.21765
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.3007
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.643
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.3007
(custom)
|
Date Public
2024-01-09 08:00
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CVE-2024-20366 (GCVE-0-2024-20366)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-15 17:25 – Updated: 2024-08-01 21:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in the Tail-f High Availability Cluster Communications (HCC) function pack of Cisco Crosswork Network Services Orchestrator (NSO) could allow an authenticated, local attacker to elevate privileges to root on an affected device.
This vulnerability exists because a user-controlled search path is used to locate executable files. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by configuring the application in a way that causes a malicious file to be executed. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected device as the root user. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker would need valid credentials on an affected device.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Network Services Orchestrator |
Affected:
5.4
Affected: 5.5 Affected: 5.6 Affected: 5.7 Affected: 5.8 Affected: 5.1.1.1 Affected: 5.1.1.3 Affected: 5.1.2 Affected: 5.2.0.3 Affected: 5.2.0.4 Affected: 5.2.1 Affected: 5.2.1.1 Affected: 5.2.3.2 Affected: 5.3.1 Affected: 5.3.4.3 Affected: 5.4.0.1 Affected: 5.4.0.2 Affected: 5.4.1 Affected: 5.4.1.1 Affected: 5.4.2 Affected: 5.4.3 Affected: 5.4.3.1 Affected: 5.4.3.2 Affected: 5.4.4.1 Affected: 5.4.4 Affected: 5.4.4.3 Affected: 5.4.3.4 Affected: 5.4.4.2 Affected: 5.4.3.3 Affected: 5.4.5.1 Affected: 5.4.2.1 Affected: 5.4.5.2 Affected: 5.4.5 Affected: 5.4.2.2 Affected: 5.4.6 Affected: 5.4.7 Affected: 5.4.7.1 Affected: 5.5.1 Affected: 5.5.2 Affected: 5.5.2.1 Affected: 5.5.2.2 Affected: 5.5.2.5 Affected: 5.5.2.3 Affected: 5.5.2.4 Affected: 5.5.2.9 Affected: 5.5.2.10 Affected: 5.5.3 Affected: 5.5.2.11 Affected: 5.5.2.6 Affected: 5.5.2.7 Affected: 5.5.2.8 Affected: 5.5.2.12 Affected: 5.5.4 Affected: 5.5.4.1 Affected: 5.5.3.1 Affected: 5.5.5 Affected: 5.5.6 Affected: 5.5.6.1 Affected: 5.5.7 Affected: 5.5.8 Affected: 5.5.10 Affected: 5.5.9 Affected: 5.6.1 Affected: 5.6.3 Affected: 5.6.3.1 Affected: 5.6.2 Affected: 5.6.4 Affected: 5.6.5 Affected: 5.6.6 Affected: 5.6.6.1 Affected: 5.6.7 Affected: 5.6.7.1 Affected: 5.6.7.2 Affected: 5.6.8 Affected: 5.6.8.1 Affected: 5.6.9 Affected: 5.6.10 Affected: 5.6.11 Affected: 5.6.12 Affected: 5.6.13 Affected: 5.6.14 Affected: 5.6.14.1 Affected: 5.7.1.1 Affected: 5.7.1 Affected: 5.7.2 Affected: 5.7.2.1 Affected: 5.7.3 Affected: 5.7.4 Affected: 5.7.5 Affected: 5.7.5.1 Affected: 5.7.6 Affected: 5.7.6.1 Affected: 5.7.6.2 Affected: 5.7.7 Affected: 5.7.8 Affected: 5.7.10 Affected: 5.7.10.1 Affected: 5.7.10.2 Affected: 5.7.11 Affected: 5.7.12 Affected: 5.7.13 Affected: 5.7.14 Affected: 5.7.15.1 Affected: 5.7.6.3 Affected: 5.7.8.1 Affected: 5.7.9 Affected: 5.7.9.1 Affected: 5.8.1 Affected: 5.8.2 Affected: 5.8.2.1 Affected: 5.8.3 Affected: 5.8.4 Affected: 5.8.5 Affected: 5.8.10 Affected: 5.8.11 Affected: 5.8.12 Affected: 5.8.6 Affected: 5.8.7 Affected: 5.8.8 Affected: 5.8.9 Affected: 6.0 Affected: 6.1 Affected: 6.2 Affected: 6.0.1 Affected: 6.0.1.1 Affected: 6.0.10 Affected: 6.0.11 Affected: 6.0.2 Affected: 6.0.3 Affected: 6.0.4 Affected: 6.0.5 Affected: 6.0.6 Affected: 6.0.7 Affected: 6.0.8 Affected: 6.0.9 Affected: 6.1.1 Affected: 6.1.2 Affected: 6.1.2.1 Affected: 6.1.3 Affected: 6.1.3.1 Affected: 6.1.3.2 Affected: 6.1.4 Affected: 6.1.5 Affected: 6.1.6 Affected: 6.1.6.1 Affected: 6.1.7 Affected: 6.1.7.1 Affected: 6.2.2 |
|
| cisco | network_services_orchestrator |
Affected:
5.1.1.1 , ≤ 6.2.2
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:5.1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"timestamp": "2024-05-15T18:43:57.383617Z",
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CVE-2024-13984 (GCVE-0-2024-13984)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-27 21:25 – Updated: 2026-05-15 11:14 X_Known Exploited Vulnerability
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Qi'anxin TianQing Management Center rptsvr Arbitrary File Upload
Summary
QiAnXin TianQing Management Center versions up to and including 6.7.0.4130 contain a path traversal vulnerability in the rptsvr component that allows unauthenticated attackers to upload files to arbitrary locations on the server. The /rptsvr/upload endpoint fails to sanitize the filename parameter in multipart form-data requests, enabling path traversal. This allows attackers to place executable files in web-accessible directories, potentially leading to remote code execution. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2024-08-23 UTC.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cn-sec.com/archives/2421288.html | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://blog.csdn.net/maxiluo/article/details/135865584 | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.qianxin.com/product/detail/pid/330 | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qianxin-tian… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qi'anxin | TianQing Management Center |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 6.7.0.4130
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-13922 (GCVE-0-2024-13922)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 11:11 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce <= 2.6.0 - Directory Traversal to Authenticated (Administrator+) Limited Arbitrary File Deletion via admin_log_page Function
Summary
The Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the admin_log_page() function in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to delete arbitrary log files on the server.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| webtoffee | Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.6.0
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-12875 (GCVE-0-2024-12875)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-21 11:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Easy Digital Downloads <= 3.3.2 - Authenticated (Admin+) Arbitrary File Download
Summary
The Easy Digital Downloads – eCommerce Payments and Subscriptions made easy plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.2 via the file download functionality. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| smub | Easy Digital Downloads – eCommerce Payments and Subscriptions made easy |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.3.2
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-12861 (GCVE-0-2024-12861)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-30 13:42 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
W2S – Migrate WooCommerce to Shopify <= 1.2.1 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Read
Summary
The W2S – Migrate WooCommerce to Shopify plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Read in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.1 via the 'viw2s_view_log' AJAX action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| villatheme | W2S – Migrate WooCommerce to Shopify |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.2.1
(semver)
|
Credits
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"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/8a8eeae9-572c-420a-be7d-a240c54e96ae?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3227799%40w2s-migrate-woo-to-shopify\u0026new=3227799%40w2s-migrate-woo-to-shopify\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-01-29T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "W2S \u2013 Migrate WooCommerce to Shopify \u003c= 1.2.1 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Read"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-12861",
"datePublished": "2025-01-30T13:42:04.266Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-12-20T17:49:59.769Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:05:41.779Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
When the set of filenames is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Operation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict all access to files within a particular directory.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59).
Mitigation
Installation
Operation
Use OS-level permissions and run as a low-privileged user to limit the scope of any successful attack.
Mitigation
Operation
Implementation
If you are using PHP, configure your application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop your application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
Mitigation
Testing
Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-267: Leverage Alternate Encoding
An adversary leverages the possibility to encode potentially harmful input or content used by applications such that the applications are ineffective at validating this encoding standard.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-72: URL Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the URL. An adversary can take advantage of the multiple way of encoding an URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.
CAPEC-80: Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack is a specific variation on leveraging alternate encodings to bypass validation logic. This attack leverages the possibility to encode potentially harmful input in UTF-8 and submit it to applications not expecting or effective at validating this encoding standard making input filtering difficult. UTF-8 (8-bit UCS/Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode. Legal UTF-8 characters are one to four bytes long. However, early version of the UTF-8 specification got some entries wrong (in some cases it permitted overlong characters). UTF-8 encoders are supposed to use the "shortest possible" encoding, but naive decoders may accept encodings that are longer than necessary. According to the RFC 3629, a particularly subtle form of this attack can be carried out against a parser which performs security-critical validity checks against the UTF-8 encoded form of its input, but interprets certain illegal octet sequences as characters.