CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7PH9-4H47-RQX5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-10 18:31 – Updated: 2025-10-10 21:31An arbitrary file upload vulnerability exists in JeeWMS 20250820, which is caused by the lack of file checking in the saveFiles function in /jeewms/cgUploadController.do. An attacker with normal privileges was able to upload a malicious file that would lead to remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60268"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-10T18:15:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability exists in JeeWMS 20250820, which is caused by the lack of file checking in the saveFiles function in /jeewms/cgUploadController.do. An attacker with normal privileges was able to upload a malicious file that would lead to remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-7ph9-4h47-rqx5",
"modified": "2025-10-10T21:31:15Z",
"published": "2025-10-10T18:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/int-ux/report/issues/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/erzhongxmu/JEEWMS"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7PJP-MG36-54V4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-06 15:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:39Linksys E5600 v1.1.0.26 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the PinCode parameter at /API/info form endpoint.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33788"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-06T13:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Linksys E5600 v1.1.0.26 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the PinCode parameter at /API/info form endpoint.",
"id": "GHSA-7pjp-mg36-54v4",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:39:01Z",
"published": "2024-05-06T15:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33788"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ymkyu/CVE/tree/main/CVE-2024-33788"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7Q2M-5CGC-3V5R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-19 03:30 – Updated: 2024-12-19 03:30A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained administrator access to execute arbitrary commands.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QuFirewall 2.3.3 ( 2023/03/27 ) and later and later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-23356"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-19T02:15:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained administrator access to execute arbitrary commands.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:\nQuFirewall 2.3.3 ( 2023/03/27 ) and later\n and later",
"id": "GHSA-7q2m-5cgc-3v5r",
"modified": "2024-12-19T03:30:41Z",
"published": "2024-12-19T03:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-23-14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7Q4H-34HR-8M3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-13 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-13 18:31An unauthenticated command injection vulnerability exists in the Start_EPI function of the httpd binary on Linksys E1200 v2 routers (Firmware E1200_v2.0.11.001_us.tar.gz). The vulnerability occurs because user-supplied CGI parameters (wl_ant, wl_ssid, wl_rate, ttcp_num, ttcp_ip, ttcp_size) are concatenated into system command strings without proper sanitization and executed via wl_exec_cmd. Successful exploitation allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the device without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60689"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-13T16:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An unauthenticated command injection vulnerability exists in the Start_EPI function of the httpd binary on Linksys E1200 v2 routers (Firmware E1200_v2.0.11.001_us.tar.gz). The vulnerability occurs because user-supplied CGI parameters (wl_ant, wl_ssid, wl_rate, ttcp_num, ttcp_ip, ttcp_size) are concatenated into system command strings without proper sanitization and executed via wl_exec_cmd. Successful exploitation allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the device without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-7q4h-34hr-8m3p",
"modified": "2025-11-13T18:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-11-13T18:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60689"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yifan20020708/SGTaint-0-day/blob/main/Linksys/Linksys-E1200/CVE-2025-60689.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.linksys.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://linksys.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7Q57-Q766-R9GH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-11 18:30 – Updated: 2023-02-21 18:30A command injection vulnerability in the firmware_update command, in the device's restricted telnet interface, allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0127"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-11T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability in the firmware_update command, in the device\u0027s restricted telnet interface, allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root.",
"id": "GHSA-7q57-q766-r9gh",
"modified": "2023-02-21T18:30:16Z",
"published": "2023-02-11T18:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2023-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7Q7J-JQ8X-XCJH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-05 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:29BeyondTrust Privileged Remote Access (PRA) and Remote Support (RS) versions 23.2.1 and 23.2.2 contain a command injection vulnerability which can be exploited through a malicious HTTP request. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability can allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute underlying operating system commands within the context of the site user. This issue is fixed in version 23.2.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4310"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-05T21:15:47Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "BeyondTrust Privileged Remote Access (PRA) and Remote Support (RS) versions 23.2.1 and 23.2.2 contain a command injection vulnerability which can be exploited through a malicious HTTP request. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability can allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute underlying operating system commands within the context of the site user. This issue is fixed in version 23.2.3.\n",
"id": "GHSA-7q7j-jq8x-xcjh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:29:46Z",
"published": "2023-09-05T21:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4310"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://beyondtrustcorp.service-now.com/csm?id=kb_article_view\u0026sysparm_article=KB0020207"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.beyondtrust.com/blog/entry/security-update-for-remote-support-and-privileged-remote-access"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7QFM-G2FR-JQGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:44 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:49Watchguard XCS 9.2 and 10.0 before build 150522 allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the id parameter to ADMIN/mailqueue.spl.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-5453"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-07-08T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Watchguard XCS 9.2 and 10.0 before build 150522 allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the id parameter to ADMIN/mailqueue.spl.",
"id": "GHSA-7qfm-g2fr-jqgp",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:49:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:44:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5453"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38346"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/132498/Watchguard-XCS-10.0-SQL-Injection-Command-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/133721/Watchguard-XCS-Remote-Command-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.security-assessment.com/files/documents/advisory/Watchguard-XCS-final.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/75516"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.watchguard.com/support/release-notes/xcs/10/en-US/EN_Release_Notes_XCS_v10_0_Security_Hotfix/EN_Release_Notes_XCS_v10_0_Security_Hotfix.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.watchguard.com/support/release-notes/xcs/9/en-US/EN_ReleaseNotes_XCS_9_2_Security_Hotfix/EN_Release_Notes_XCS_v9_2_Security_Hotfix.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7QHM-5MXQ-X7VP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-01-24 18:31Not all valid JavaScript whitespace characters are considered to be whitespace. Templates containing whitespace characters outside of the character set "\t\n\f\r\u0020\u2028\u2029" in JavaScript contexts that also contain actions may not be properly sanitized during execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24540"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-11T16:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Not all valid JavaScript whitespace characters are considered to be whitespace. Templates containing whitespace characters outside of the character set \"\\t\\n\\f\\r\\u0020\\u2028\\u2029\" in JavaScript contexts that also contain actions may not be properly sanitized during execution.",
"id": "GHSA-7qhm-5mxq-x7vp",
"modified": "2025-01-24T18:31:05Z",
"published": "2023-05-11T18:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/cl/491616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/issue/59721"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/MEb0UyuSMsU"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-1752"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241115-0008"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7QMM-Q394-FMCH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-03-19 21:19 – Updated: 2023-09-05 23:01This affects all versions of package ps-kill. If (attacker-controlled) user input is given to the kill function, it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary commands. This is due to use of the child_process exec function without input sanitization in the index.js file.
PoC (provided by reporter):
var ps_kill = require('ps-kill');
ps_kill.kill('$(touch success)', function() {});
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "ps-kill"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23355"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-16T22:05:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-15T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This affects all versions of package ps-kill. If (attacker-controlled) user input is given to the kill function, it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary commands. This is due to use of the child_process exec function without input sanitization in the index.js file. \n\nPoC (provided by reporter): \n```js\nvar ps_kill = require(\u0027ps-kill\u0027);\nps_kill.kill(\u0027$(touch success)\u0027, function() {});\n```",
"id": "GHSA-7qmm-q394-fmch",
"modified": "2023-09-05T23:01:21Z",
"published": "2021-03-19T21:19:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-PSKILL-1078529"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Command Injection in ps-kill"
}
GHSA-7R2G-JH67-HWP7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:09On BIG-IP 14.1.0-14.1.0.5, 14.0.0-14.0.0.5, 13.0.0-13.1.1.4, 12.1.0-12.1.4.1, and 11.5.1-11.6.4, an undisclosed iControl REST worker is vulnerable to command injection by an administrator or resource administrator user. This attack is only exploitable on multi-bladed systems.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-6622"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-02T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "On BIG-IP 14.1.0-14.1.0.5, 14.0.0-14.0.0.5, 13.0.0-13.1.1.4, 12.1.0-12.1.4.1, and 11.5.1-11.6.4, an undisclosed iControl REST worker is vulnerable to command injection by an administrator or resource administrator user. This attack is only exploitable on multi-bladed systems.",
"id": "GHSA-7r2g-jh67-hwp7",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:09:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6622"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K44885536"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.