Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-77

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-7RHM-F5W2-XHPM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-25 09:30 – Updated: 2024-11-25 09:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in EnGenius ENH1350EXT, ENS500-AC and ENS620EXT up to 20241118 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/network/diag_iperf. The manipulation of the argument iperf leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-11659"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-74",
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-25T07:15:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in EnGenius ENH1350EXT, ENS500-AC and ENS620EXT up to 20241118 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/network/diag_iperf. The manipulation of the argument iperf leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-7rhm-f5w2-xhpm",
  "modified": "2024-11-25T09:30:58Z",
  "published": "2024-11-25T09:30:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11659"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://k9u7kv33ub.feishu.cn/wiki/OhR6w0THjiFeV1kSfZncaCxTn7f?from=from_copylink"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.285980"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.285980"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.446642"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7RMC-4WCF-HGWM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-20 12:30 – Updated: 2026-05-20 12:30
VLAI
Details

Dell SmartFabric Storage Software, versions prior to 1.4.5, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Filesystem access for attacker.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-35070"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-20T10:16:26Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Dell SmartFabric Storage Software, versions prior to 1.4.5, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Filesystem access for attacker.",
  "id": "GHSA-7rmc-4wcf-hgwm",
  "modified": "2026-05-20T12:30:36Z",
  "published": "2026-05-20T12:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35070"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000466942/dsa-2026-235-security-update-for-dell-networking-smartfabric-storage-software-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7RPH-QQ97-WQP5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-27 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-13 15:30
VLAI
Details

Due to insufficient escaping of the newline character in the “Copy as cURL” feature, an attacker could trick a user into using this command, potentially leading to local code execution on the user's system. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 139, Firefox ESR < 115.24, and Firefox ESR < 128.11.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-5264"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-27T13:15:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Due to insufficient escaping of the newline character in the \u201cCopy as cURL\u201d feature, an attacker could trick a user into using this command, potentially leading to local code execution on the user\u0027s system. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 139, Firefox ESR \u003c 115.24, and Firefox ESR \u003c 128.11.",
  "id": "GHSA-7rph-qq97-wqp5",
  "modified": "2026-04-13T15:30:43Z",
  "published": "2025-05-27T15:31:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5264"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1950001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00043.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00046.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-42"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-43"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-44"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-45"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-46"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7RPP-QVVP-3F22

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:26 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:26
VLAI
Details

In Green Packet DX-350 Firmware version v2.8.9.5-g1.4.8-atheeb, the "PING" (aka tag_ipPing) feature within the web interface allows performing command injection, via the "pip" parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-9980"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-07-21T06:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "In Green Packet DX-350 Firmware version v2.8.9.5-g1.4.8-atheeb, the \"PING\" (aka tag_ipPing) feature within the web interface allows performing command injection, via the \"pip\" parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-7rpp-qvvp-3f22",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:26:54Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:26:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9980"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://iscouncil.blogspot.com/2017/07/command-injection-in-green-packet-dx.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7RWF-9FG2-2MPJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:01 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:01
VLAI
Details

An exploitable vulnerability exists in the WiFi Channel parsing of Circle with Disney running firmware 2.0.1. A specially crafted SSID can cause the device to execute arbitrary sed commands. An attacker needs to setup an access point reachable by the device to trigger this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-12094"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-11-07T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An exploitable vulnerability exists in the WiFi Channel parsing of Circle with Disney running firmware 2.0.1. A specially crafted SSID can cause the device to execute arbitrary sed commands. An attacker needs to setup an access point reachable by the device to trigger this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-7rwf-9fg2-2mpj",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:01:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:01:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12094"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0446"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7RX9-MPFX-G9FR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-20 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-20 21:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-820LW 2.03. Affected is the function ssdpcgi_main of the component SSDP. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-4499"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77",
      "CWE-78"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-20T20:16:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-820LW 2.03. Affected is the function ssdpcgi_main of the component SSDP. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.",
  "id": "GHSA-7rx9-mpfx-g9fr",
  "modified": "2026-03-20T21:31:28Z",
  "published": "2026-03-20T21:31:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4499"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yunleeeee/cve/issues/1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/25790888/OS.Command.Injection.in.D-Link.DIR-820LW.B2.03.via.the.HTTP_ST.environment.variable.in.ssdpcgi_main.function.zip"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.352055"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.352055"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.773883"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dlink.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7RXH-XQ45-8WR4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-06 21:30 – Updated: 2024-06-06 21:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the PyTorch's torch.distributed.rpc framework, specifically in versions prior to 2.2.2, allows for remote code execution (RCE). The framework, which is used in distributed training scenarios, does not properly verify the functions being called during RPC (Remote Procedure Call) operations. This oversight permits attackers to execute arbitrary commands by leveraging built-in Python functions such as eval during multi-cpu RPC communication. The vulnerability arises from the lack of restriction on function calls when a worker node serializes and sends a PythonUDF (User Defined Function) to the master node, which then deserializes and executes the function without validation. This flaw can be exploited to compromise master nodes initiating distributed training, potentially leading to the theft of sensitive AI-related data.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-5480"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-06T19:16:09Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the PyTorch\u0027s torch.distributed.rpc framework, specifically in versions prior to 2.2.2, allows for remote code execution (RCE). The framework, which is used in distributed training scenarios, does not properly verify the functions being called during RPC (Remote Procedure Call) operations. This oversight permits attackers to execute arbitrary commands by leveraging built-in Python functions such as eval during multi-cpu RPC communication. The vulnerability arises from the lack of restriction on function calls when a worker node serializes and sends a PythonUDF (User Defined Function) to the master node, which then deserializes and executes the function without validation. This flaw can be exploited to compromise master nodes initiating distributed training, potentially leading to the theft of sensitive AI-related data.",
  "id": "GHSA-7rxh-xq45-8wr4",
  "modified": "2024-06-06T21:30:37Z",
  "published": "2024-06-06T21:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5480"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/39811836-c5b3-4999-831e-46fee8fcade3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7V37-CPGH-GRVQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-27 12:00 – Updated: 2025-05-07 15:31
VLAI
Details

D-Link DIR-816 A2 1.10 B05 was discovered to contain multiple command injection vulnerabilities via the admuser and admpass parameters at /goform/setSysAdm.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-42999"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77",
      "CWE-78"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-26T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "D-Link DIR-816 A2 1.10 B05 was discovered to contain multiple command injection vulnerabilities via the admuser and admpass parameters at /goform/setSysAdm.",
  "id": "GHSA-7v37-cpgh-grvq",
  "modified": "2025-05-07T15:31:16Z",
  "published": "2022-10-27T12:00:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42999"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hunzi0/VulInfo/tree/main/D-Link/DIR-816/setSysAdm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7V3J-QCV2-4WC4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-10 18:32 – Updated: 2025-06-10 18:32
VLAI
Details

'.../...//' in Microsoft Office Outlook allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-47176"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-35",
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-10T17:23:59Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "\u0027.../...//\u0027 in Microsoft Office Outlook allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-7v3j-qcv2-4wc4",
  "modified": "2025-06-10T18:32:31Z",
  "published": "2025-06-10T18:32:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47176"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47176"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7V9R-X4P2-QF93

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-01 09:30 – Updated: 2023-03-04 06:30
VLAI
Details

Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS command line interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-22764"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-01T08:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS command line interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.",
  "id": "GHSA-7v9r-x4p2-qf93",
  "modified": "2023-03-04T06:30:22Z",
  "published": "2023-03-01T09:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22764"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2023-002.txt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

Mitigation
Implementation

If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation

Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.

CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection

An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection

An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.

CAPEC-248: Command Injection

An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.

CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices

This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files

Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.