CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7R36-7F54-54FF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-03 15:30 – Updated: 2025-03-13 18:31Netgear R6850 1.1.0.88 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the ntp_server parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30572"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-03T13:16:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Netgear R6850 1.1.0.88 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the ntp_server parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-7r36-7f54-54ff",
"modified": "2025-03-13T18:31:54Z",
"published": "2024-04-03T15:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30572"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/funny-mud-peee/IoT-vuls/blob/main/netgear%20R6850/Netgear-R6850%20V1.1.0.88%20Command%20Injection%28ntp_server%29.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/about/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7R3H-M5J6-3Q42
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-18 19:01 – Updated: 2022-08-18 19:01Impact
The core.exportVariable function uses a well known delimiter that attackers can use to break out of that specific variable and assign values to other arbitrary variables. Workflows that write untrusted values to the GITHUB_ENV file may cause the path or other environment variables to be modified without the intention of the workflow or action author.
Patches
Users should upgrade to @actions/core v1.9.1.
Workarounds
If you are unable to upgrade the @actions/core package, you can modify your action to ensure that any user input does not contain the delimiter _GitHubActionsFileCommandDelimeter_ before calling core.exportVariable.
References
More information about setting-an-environment-variable in workflows
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
* Open an issue in actions/toolkit
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.9.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@actions/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.9.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35954"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-18T19:01:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-15T11:21:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Impact\n\nThe\u00a0`core.exportVariable`\u00a0function uses a well known delimiter that attackers can use to break out of that specific variable and assign values to other arbitrary variables. Workflows that write untrusted values to the `GITHUB_ENV` file may cause the path or other environment variables to be modified without the intention of the workflow or action author.\n\n## Patches\n\nUsers should upgrade to `@actions/core v1.9.1`.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nIf you are unable to upgrade the `@actions/core` package, you can modify your action to ensure that any user input does not contain the delimiter `_GitHubActionsFileCommandDelimeter_` before calling `core.exportVariable`.\n\n## References\n\n[More information about setting-an-environment-variable in workflows](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#setting-an-environment-variable)\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in\u00a0[`actions/toolkit`](https://github.com/actions/toolkit/issues)\n",
"id": "GHSA-7r3h-m5j6-3q42",
"modified": "2022-08-18T19:01:36Z",
"published": "2022-08-18T19:01:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/actions/toolkit/security/advisories/GHSA-7r3h-m5j6-3q42"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35954"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/actions/toolkit/commit/4beda9cbc00ba6eefe387a937c21087ccb8ee9df"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/actions/toolkit"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@actions/core has Delimiter Injection Vulnerability in exportVariable"
}
GHSA-7R57-3GJ8-P8FR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-04 06:32 – Updated: 2026-05-04 06:32A weakness has been identified in privsim mcp-test-runner 0.2.0. Impacted is the function child_process.spawn of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. Executing a manipulation of the argument command can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7730"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-04T05:16:01Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in privsim mcp-test-runner 0.2.0. Impacted is the function child_process.spawn of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. Executing a manipulation of the argument command can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-7r57-3gj8-p8fr",
"modified": "2026-05-04T06:32:02Z",
"published": "2026-05-04T06:32:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BruceJqs/public_exp/issues/37"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/privsim/mcp-test-runner/issues/24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/privsim/mcp-test-runner"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/807541"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/360905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/360905/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7R6R-2VFC-Q29W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-01 09:30 – Updated: 2023-03-04 06:30Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS command line interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22763"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-01T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS command line interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.",
"id": "GHSA-7r6r-2vfc-q29w",
"modified": "2023-03-04T06:30:22Z",
"published": "2023-03-01T09:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2023-002.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7R6V-MXC2-PG49
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:14 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31The WLS Security component in Oracle WebLogic Server 10.3.6.0, 12.1.2.0, 12.1.3.0, and 12.2.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted serialized Java object in T3 protocol traffic to TCP port 7001, related to oracle_common/modules/com.bea.core.apache.commons.collections.jar. NOTE: the scope of this CVE is limited to the WebLogic Server product.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-4852"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-11-18T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The WLS Security component in Oracle WebLogic Server 10.3.6.0, 12.1.2.0, 12.1.3.0, and 12.2.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted serialized Java object in T3 protocol traffic to TCP port 7001, related to oracle_common/modules/com.bea.core.apache.commons.collections.jar. NOTE: the scope of this CVE is limited to the WebLogic Server product.",
"id": "GHSA-7r6v-mxc2-pg49",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:14:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-4852"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blogs.oracle.com/security/entry/security_alert_cve_2015_4852"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/foxglovesec/JavaUnserializeExploits/blob/master/weblogic.py"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2015-4852"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42806"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46628"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://foxglovesecurity.com/2015/11/06/what-do-weblogic-websphere-jboss-jenkins-opennms-and-your-application-have-in-common-this-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152268/Oracle-Weblogic-Server-Deserialization-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/11/17/19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuapr2017-3236618.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2018-3236628.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2017-3236626.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/alert-cve-2015-4852-2763333.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/cpujan2016-2367955.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/77539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038292"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7R88-WJHJ-JR8M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-01 15:30 – Updated: 2023-08-04 13:31A Command injection vulnerability in RaspAP 2.8.0 thru 2.9.2 allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands as root via the entity POST parameters in /ajax/networking/get_wgkey.php.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "billz/raspap-webgui"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.8.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.9.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-39987"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-01T19:57:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-01T14:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Command injection vulnerability in RaspAP 2.8.0 thru 2.9.2 allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands as root via the `entity` POST parameters in `/ajax/networking/get_wgkey.php`.",
"id": "GHSA-7r88-wjhj-jr8m",
"modified": "2023-08-04T13:31:59Z",
"published": "2023-08-01T15:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39987"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/RaspAP/raspap-webgui/pull/1395"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/RaspAP/raspap-webgui/commit/e87e7d1d3a61617430851f2a040379de1ff3dd9d"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/RaspAP/raspap-webgui"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/RaspAP/raspap-webgui/blob/master/ajax/networking/get_wgkey.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/RaspAP/raspap-webgui/releases/tag/2.9.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@ismael0x00/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-raspap-3c35e78809f2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "RaspAP Command Injection vulnerability"
}
GHSA-7R9X-HR76-JR96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-04 17:26 – Updated: 2020-08-31 18:59All versions of gitting are vulnerable to Command Injection. The package fails to sanitize input and passes it directly to an exec call, which may allow attackers to execute arbitrary code in the system. The pull function is vulnerable through the branch variable.
Recommendation
No fix is currently available. Consider using an alternative package until a fix is made available.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "giting"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:59:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "All versions of `gitting` are vulnerable to Command Injection. The package fails to sanitize input and passes it directly to an `exec` call, which may allow attackers to execute arbitrary code in the system. The `pull` function is vulnerable through the `branch` variable.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nNo fix is currently available. Consider using an alternative package until a fix is made available.",
"id": "GHSA-7r9x-hr76-jr96",
"modified": "2020-08-31T18:59:37Z",
"published": "2020-09-04T17:26:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1446"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Command Injection in giting"
}
GHSA-7RF6-XMXM-MXRR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-14 12:00 – Updated: 2025-05-15 15:31D-Link COVR 1200,1203 v1.08 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the tomography_ping_number parameter at function SetNetworkTomographySettings.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42156"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-13T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "D-Link COVR 1200,1203 v1.08 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the tomography_ping_number parameter at function SetNetworkTomographySettings.",
"id": "GHSA-7rf6-xmxm-mxrr",
"modified": "2025-05-15T15:31:08Z",
"published": "2022-10-14T12:00:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/14isnot40/vul_discovery/blob/master/D-Link%20COVR%2012xx%20.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7RFM-RCV9-66R2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-17 12:31A vulnerability was found in Wavlink WL-WN530H4 20220721. This vulnerability affects the function strcat/snprintf of the file /cgi-bin/internet.cgi. The manipulation results in os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. Upgrading to version 2026.04.16 is able to resolve this issue. Upgrading the affected component is recommended.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6483"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-17T11:16:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Wavlink WL-WN530H4 20220721. This vulnerability affects the function strcat/snprintf of the file /cgi-bin/internet.cgi. The manipulation results in os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. Upgrading to version 2026.04.16 is able to resolve this issue. Upgrading the affected component is recommended.",
"id": "GHSA-7rfm-rcv9-66r2",
"modified": "2026-04-17T12:31:25Z",
"published": "2026-04-17T12:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6483"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dl.wavlink.com/firmware/RD/root_uImage_WN530H4-A_2026.04.16.bin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dxz0069/WAVLINK-WN530H4-Command-Injection-in-set_add_routing/blob/main/vuldb_submission_report.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/783055"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/358021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/358021/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7RGR-CW7H-QWMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-01 09:30 – Updated: 2026-05-18 15:30Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability in Liman MYS (HTTP/Controllers, CronMail, Jobs modules) allows Command Injection.This issue affects Liman MYS: from 1.7.0 before 1.8.3-462.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3855"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-01T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability in Liman MYS (HTTP/Controllers, CronMail, Jobs modules) allows Command Injection.This issue affects Liman MYS: from 1.7.0 before 1.8.3-462.",
"id": "GHSA-7rgr-cw7h-qwmq",
"modified": "2026-05-18T15:30:31Z",
"published": "2023-03-01T09:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.liman.dev/baslangic/guvenlik"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-23-0109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-23-0109"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.