CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5381 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CRJ7-CMMW-8P9M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-29 18:30 – Updated: 2025-09-22 18:30A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.5.3145 build 20250526 and later QuTS hero h5.2.5.3138 build 20250519 and later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30264"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-29T18:15:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:\nQTS 5.2.5.3145 build 20250526 and later\nQuTS hero h5.2.5.3138 build 20250519 and later",
"id": "GHSA-crj7-cmmw-8p9m",
"modified": "2025-09-22T18:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-08-29T18:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-21"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRJW-QJXP-X9VR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 21:32 – Updated: 2026-04-07 21:32A weakness has been identified in suvarchal docker-mcp-server up to 0.1.0. The impacted element is the function stop_container/remove_container/pull_image of the file src/index.ts of the component HTTP Interface. This manipulation causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5741"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T20:16:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in suvarchal docker-mcp-server up to 0.1.0. The impacted element is the function stop_container/remove_container/pull_image of the file src/index.ts of the component HTTP Interface. This manipulation causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-crjw-qjxp-x9vr",
"modified": "2026-04-07T21:32:40Z",
"published": "2026-04-07T21:32:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BruceJqs/public_exp/issues/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/suvarchal/docker-mcp/issues/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/786948"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/355748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/355748/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRM4-Q8RQ-R3G4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:01A command injection vulnerability in the component /setnetworksettings/SubnetMask of D-Link DIR882 DIR882A1_FW130B06 allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28896"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability in the component /setnetworksettings/SubnetMask of D-Link DIR882 DIR882A1_FW130B06 allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload.",
"id": "GHSA-crm4-q8rq-r3g4",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:01:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-11T00:01:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28896"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/d-link/dir-882/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRMC-HFVP-6M66
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 15:32 – Updated: 2026-05-26 15:32luci-app-https-dns-proxy through 2025.12.29-5 — an optional LuCI web UI add-on for the https-dns-proxy package, distributed through the OpenWrt community packages feed and not installed by default — contains a command injection vulnerability in the setInitAction function. An authenticated user holding the luci.https-dns-proxy ACL permission can inject shell metacharacters through the 'name' parameter of a ubus RPC call to luci.https-dns-proxy setInitAction, resulting in arbitrary command execution as root on the underlying device. Core OpenWrt is not affected; only installations that have opted in to the luci-app-https-dns-proxy package are vulnerable.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46368"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-26T15:16:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "luci-app-https-dns-proxy through 2025.12.29-5 \u2014 an optional LuCI web UI add-on for the https-dns-proxy package, distributed through the OpenWrt community packages feed and not installed by default \u2014 contains a command injection vulnerability in the setInitAction function. An authenticated user holding the luci.https-dns-proxy ACL permission can inject shell metacharacters through the \u0027name\u0027 parameter of a ubus RPC call to luci.https-dns-proxy setInitAction, resulting in arbitrary command execution as root on the underlying device. Core OpenWrt is not affected; only installations that have opted in to the luci-app-https-dns-proxy package are vulnerable.",
"id": "GHSA-crmc-hfvp-6m66",
"modified": "2026-05-26T15:32:11Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T15:32:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/stangri/luci-app-https-dns-proxy"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/52521"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/luci-app-https-dns-proxy-authenticated-command-injection-via-setinitaction"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRR3-W29J-C6X6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-10 00:30 – Updated: 2026-01-10 00:30A vulnerability was found in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System up to 3.0.8. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /isomp-protocol/protocol/getHis of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument sessionPath results in os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15500"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-09T22:15:59Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System up to 3.0.8. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /isomp-protocol/protocol/getHis of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument sessionPath results in os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-crr3-w29j-c6x6",
"modified": "2026-01-10T00:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-01-10T00:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15500"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/master-abc/cve/issues/11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/master-abc/cve/issues/11#issue-3770602189"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.340345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.340345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.727208"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRRG-V4FM-59FP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:38A command injection vulnerability exists in apply.cgi on the ASUS RP-AC52 access point, firmware version 1.0.1.1s and possibly earlier, web interface specifically in the action_script parameter. The action_script parameter specifies a script to be executed if the action_mode parameter does not contain a valid state. If the input provided by action_script does not match one of the hard coded options, then it will be executed as the argument of either a system() or an eval() call allowing arbitrary commands to be executed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6558"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-13T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in apply.cgi on the ASUS RP-AC52 access point, firmware version 1.0.1.1s and possibly earlier, web interface specifically in the action_script parameter. The action_script parameter specifies a script to be executed if the action_mode parameter does not contain a valid state. If the input provided by action_script does not match one of the hard coded options, then it will be executed as the argument of either a system() or an eval() call allowing arbitrary commands to be executed.",
"id": "GHSA-crrg-v4fm-59fp",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:38:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:38:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6558"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/763843"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93596"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRWJ-F9HC-C6G4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-06 18:31 – Updated: 2024-09-16 14:37An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow local network users to execute commands via unspecified vectors.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.1.8.2823 build 20240712 and later QuTS hero h5.1.8.2823 build 20240712 and later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38641"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-06T17:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow local network users to execute commands via unspecified vectors.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:\nQTS 5.1.8.2823 build 20240712 and later\nQuTS hero h5.1.8.2823 build 20240712 and later",
"id": "GHSA-crwj-f9hc-c6g4",
"modified": "2024-09-16T14:37:25Z",
"published": "2024-09-06T18:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-24-33"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRX4-HWQF-949W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-23 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:17There is a command injection vulnerability in the Linksys E2000 router with firmware version 1.0.06. If an attacker gains web management privileges, they can inject commands into the post request parameters WL_atten_bb, WL_atten_radio, and WL_atten_ctl in the apply.cgi interface, thereby gaining shell privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31740"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-23T01:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "There is a command injection vulnerability in the Linksys E2000 router with firmware version 1.0.06. If an attacker gains web management privileges, they can inject commands into the post request parameters WL_atten_bb, WL_atten_radio, and WL_atten_ctl in the apply.cgi interface, thereby gaining shell privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-crx4-hwqf-949w",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:17:22Z",
"published": "2023-05-23T03:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31740"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/D2y6p/CVE/blob/main/Linksys/CVE-2023-31740/Linksys_E2000_RCE.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://linksys.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CV3C-47QP-R5CQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-04 15:30 – Updated: 2024-09-04 15:30WAYOS FBM-291W v19.09.11 is vulnerable to Command Execution via msp_info_htm.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44383"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-04T13:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "WAYOS FBM-291W v19.09.11 is vulnerable to Command Execution via msp_info_htm.",
"id": "GHSA-cv3c-47qp-r5cq",
"modified": "2024-09-04T15:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-09-04T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44383"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GroundCTL2MajorTom/pocs/blob/main/wayos_%20FBM_291W.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CV3X-6XW9-GWV4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-03 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-03 18:30AVTECH SECURITY Corporation DGM1104 FullImg-1015-1004-1006-1003 was discovered to contain an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the SMB server function. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted input.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-57201"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-03T16:15:57Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "AVTECH SECURITY Corporation DGM1104 FullImg-1015-1004-1006-1003 was discovered to contain an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the SMB server function. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted input.",
"id": "GHSA-cv3x-6xw9-gwv4",
"modified": "2025-12-03T18:30:24Z",
"published": "2025-12-03T18:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xchg-rax-rax/vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2025-57201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://avtech.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://dgm1104.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.