CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5381 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CW3Q-4545-8G5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-16 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-22 03:30A vulnerability in the web management interface of the Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied parameters for certain API endpoints. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input to an affected API endpoint. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device with low system privileges. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid credentials for a user with Device permissions: by default, only Administrators, Security Approvers and Network Admins user accounts have these permissions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20925"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-15T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web management interface of the Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied parameters for certain API endpoints. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input to an affected API endpoint. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device with low system privileges. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid credentials for a user with Device permissions: by default, only Administrators, Security Approvers and Network Admins user accounts have these permissions.",
"id": "GHSA-cw3q-4545-8g5x",
"modified": "2022-11-22T03:30:58Z",
"published": "2022-11-16T12:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20925"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-fmc-cmd-inj-Z3B5MY35"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-fmc-cmd-inj-Z3B5MY35"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW67-28XM-VV9X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30Two OS command injection vulnerability exist in the vtysh_ubus toolsh_excute.constprop.1 functionality of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5. A specially-crafted network request can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger these vulnerabilities.This command injection is in the trace tool utility.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24520"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-06T15:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Two OS command injection vulnerability exist in the vtysh_ubus toolsh_excute.constprop.1 functionality of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5. A specially-crafted network request can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger these vulnerabilities.This command injection is in the trace tool utility.",
"id": "GHSA-cw67-28xm-vv9x",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1706"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW6W-5GQC-JH8J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-03 00:00An issue was discovered in ClusterLabs Hawk (aka HA Web Konsole) through 2.3.0-15. It ships the binary hawk_invoke (built from tools/hawk_invoke.c), intended to be used as a setuid program. This allows the hacluster user to invoke certain commands as root (with an attempt to limit this to safe combinations). This user is able to execute an interactive "shell" that isn't limited to the commands specified in hawk_invoke, allowing escalation to root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3020"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-26T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in ClusterLabs Hawk (aka HA Web Konsole) through 2.3.0-15. It ships the binary hawk_invoke (built from tools/hawk_invoke.c), intended to be used as a setuid program. This allows the hacluster user to invoke certain commands as root (with an attempt to limit this to safe combinations). This user is able to execute an interactive \"shell\" that isn\u0027t limited to the commands specified in hawk_invoke, allowing escalation to root.",
"id": "GHSA-cw6w-5gqc-jh8j",
"modified": "2022-09-03T00:00:24Z",
"published": "2022-08-27T00:00:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ClusterLabs/crmsh/commit/c538024b8ebd138dc373b005189471d9b77e9c82"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1180571"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ClusterLabs/hawk/releases"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CW73-5F7H-M4GV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-15 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-16 21:33Upsonic 0.71.6 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in its MCP server/task creation functionality. The application allows users to define MCP tasks with arbitrary command and args values. Although an allowlist exists, certain allowed commands (npm, npx) accept argument flags that enable execution of arbitrary OS commands. Maliciously crafted MCP tasks may lead to remote code execution with the privileges of the Upsonic process. In version 0.72.0 Upsonic added a warning about using Stdio servers being able to execute commands directly on the machine.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "upsonic"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.72.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-30625"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T21:33:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T16:16:36Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Upsonic 0.71.6 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in its MCP server/task creation functionality. The application allows users to define MCP tasks with arbitrary command and args values. Although an allowlist exists, certain allowed commands (npm, npx) accept argument flags that enable execution of arbitrary OS commands. Maliciously crafted MCP tasks may lead to remote code execution with the privileges of the Upsonic process. In version 0.72.0 Upsonic added a warning about using Stdio servers being able to execute commands directly on the machine.",
"id": "GHSA-cw73-5f7h-m4gv",
"modified": "2026-04-16T21:33:09Z",
"published": "2026-04-15T18:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-30625"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Upsonic/Upsonic/commit/855053fce0662227d9246268ff4a0844b481a305"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Upsonic/Upsonic"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ox.security/blog/mcp-supply-chain-advisory-rce-vulnerabilities-across-the-ai-ecosystem"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Upsonic: remote code execution vulnerability in its MCP server/task creation functionality"
}
GHSA-CWCJ-PPQ9-R9PC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-28 00:31 – Updated: 2024-03-28 00:31A vulnerability has been found in Tenda FH1205 2.0.0.7(775) and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function formWriteFacMac of the file /goform/WriteFacMac. The manipulation of the argument mac leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-258295. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3009"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-28T00:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in Tenda FH1205 2.0.0.7(775) and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function formWriteFacMac of the file /goform/WriteFacMac. The manipulation of the argument mac leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-258295. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-cwcj-ppq9-r9pc",
"modified": "2024-03-28T00:31:41Z",
"published": "2024-03-28T00:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH/FH1205/formWriteFacMac.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.258295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.258295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.301488"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CWHP-M7C7-W6RM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:52 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:52In Sophos Web Appliance (SWA) before 4.3.1.2, a section of the machine's interface responsible for generating reports was vulnerable to remote command injection via the token parameter, aka NSWA-1303.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6184"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-30T17:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Sophos Web Appliance (SWA) before 4.3.1.2, a section of the machine\u0027s interface responsible for generating reports was vulnerable to remote command injection via the token parameter, aka NSWA-1303.",
"id": "GHSA-cwhp-m7c7-w6rm",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:52:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:52:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.sophos.com/products/web-appliance/b/blog/posts/release-of-swa-v4-3-1-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://wsa.sophos.com/rn/swa/concepts/ReleaseNotes_4.3.1.2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97261"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CX3C-2JCW-JMFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-22 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:15MXsecurity version 1.0 is vulnearble to command injection vulnerability. This vulnerability has been reported in the SSH CLI program, which can be exploited by attackers who have gained authorization privileges. The attackers can break out of the restricted shell and subsequently execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33235"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-22T06:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "MXsecurity version 1.0 is vulnearble to command injection vulnerability. This vulnerability has been reported in the SSH CLI program, which can be exploited by attackers who have gained authorization privileges. The attackers can break out of the restricted shell and subsequently execute arbitrary code.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-cx3c-2jcw-jmfg",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:15:58Z",
"published": "2023-05-22T06:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/mxsecurity-command-injection-and-hardcoded-credential-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CX65-RPP3-QF6C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-11 21:30 – Updated: 2026-02-12 21:31A stored HTML injection vulnerability in the Recipe Notes rendering component in Mealie 3.3.1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary HTML, resulting in user interface redressing within the recipe view.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-70296"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-11T19:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A stored HTML injection vulnerability in the Recipe Notes rendering component in Mealie 3.3.1 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary HTML, resulting in user interface redressing within the recipe view.",
"id": "GHSA-cx65-rpp3-qf6c",
"modified": "2026-02-12T21:31:25Z",
"published": "2026-02-11T21:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-70296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mealie-recipes/mealie/issues/6690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mealie-recipes/mealie/pull/6743"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chrisWalker11/Cves/blob/main/CVE-2025-70296/CVE-2025-70296.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CX76-C2XC-CFQC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:01A command injection vulnerability in the component /setnetworksettings/IPAddress of D-Link DIR882 DIR882A1_FW130B06 allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28895"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability in the component /setnetworksettings/IPAddress of D-Link DIR882 DIR882A1_FW130B06 allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload.",
"id": "GHSA-cx76-c2xc-cfqc",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:01:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-11T00:01:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/d-link/dir-882/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CX7H-38CQ-JVGJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-05 18:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:20Dell SmartFabric Storage Software v1.4 (and earlier) contains an OS Command Injection Vulnerability in the CLI use of the ‘more’ command. A local or remote authenticated attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to the ability to gain root-level access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4401"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-05T18:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nDell SmartFabric Storage Software v1.4 (and earlier) contains an OS Command Injection Vulnerability in the CLI use of the \u2018more\u2019 command. A local or remote authenticated attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to the ability to gain root-level access.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-cx7h-38cq-jvgj",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:20:32Z",
"published": "2023-10-05T18:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4401"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000218107/dsa-2023-347-dell-smartfabric-storage-software-security-update-for-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.