Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5803 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-2956 (GCVE-0-2026-2956)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-22 22:02 – Updated: 2026-02-23 19:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
qinming99 dst-admin restore revertBackup command injection
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in qinming99 dst-admin up to 1.5.0. This affects the function revertBackup of the file /home/restore. The manipulation of the argument Name results in command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-23 19:01 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.347323 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347323 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.754508 | third-party-advisory |
| https://fx4tqqfvdw4.feishu.cn/docx/ObYgdtoweowo8V… | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-2952 (GCVE-0-2026-2952)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-22 14:02 – Updated: 2026-02-25 16:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Vaelsys HTTP POST Request tree_server.php os command injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in Vaelsys 4.1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /tree/tree_server.php of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. This manipulation of the argument xajaxargs causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-25 16:03 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.347318 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347318 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.755166 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/CVE-Hunter-Leo/CVE/issues/10 | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-2944 (GCVE-0-2026-2944)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-22 11:02 – Updated: 2026-02-25 16:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tosei Online Store Management System ネット店舗管理システム HTTP POST Request monitor.php system os command injection
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in Tosei Online Store Management System ネット店舗管理システム 1.01. Affected is the function system of the file /cgi-bin/monitor.php of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument DevId results in os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-25 16:53 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.347314 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347314 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.754579 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/CVE-Hunter-Leo/CVE/issues/9 | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tosei | Online Store Management System ネット店舗管理システム |
Affected:
1.01
|
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CVE-2026-2847 (GCVE-0-2026-2847)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-20 15:32 – Updated: 2026-02-24 14:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
UTT HiPER 520 Web Management formReleaseConnect sub_44EFB4 os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in UTT HiPER 520 1.7.7-160105. Affected is the function sub_44EFB4 of the file /goform/formReleaseConnect of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument Isp_Name results in os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-24 14:33 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.347083 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347083 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.753965 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/cha0yang1/UTT520CVE/blob/main/… | exploit |
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CVE-2026-2846 (GCVE-0-2026-2846)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-20 15:32 – Updated: 2026-02-24 14:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
UTT HiPER 520 Web Management formPdbUpConfig sub_44D264 os command injection
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in UTT HiPER 520 1.7.7-160105. This impacts the function sub_44D264 of the file /goform/formPdbUpConfig of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument policyNames leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-24 14:30 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
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|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.347082 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347082 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.753964 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/cha0yang1/UTT520CVE/blob/main/… | exploit |
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CVE-2026-2824 (GCVE-0-2026-2824)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-20 05:32 – Updated: 2026-02-23 10:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Comfast CF-E7 webmggnt mbox-config sub_441CF4 command injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in Comfast CF-E7 2.6.0.9. This affects the function sub_441CF4 of the file /cgi-bin/mbox-config?method=SET§ion=ping_config of the component webmggnt. Executing a manipulation of the argument destination can lead to command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-20 14:39 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.346949 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.346949 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.753878 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/jinhao118/cve/blob/main/ComFas… | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-2823 (GCVE-0-2026-2823)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-20 05:02 – Updated: 2026-02-23 10:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Comfast CF-E7 webmggnt mbox-config sub_41ACCC command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in Comfast CF-E7 2.6.0.9. The impacted element is the function sub_41ACCC of the file /cgi-bin/mbox-config?method=SET§ion=ntp_timezone of the component webmggnt. Performing a manipulation of the argument timestr results in command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-20 14:53 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.346948 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.346948 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.753871 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/jinhao118/cve/blob/main/ComFas… | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-2740 (GCVE-0-2026-2740)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-21 12:36 – Updated: 2026-05-22 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Remote Code Execution
Summary
Zohocorp ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus version before 6525, DataSecurity Plus before 6264 and RecoveryManager Plus before 6313 are vulnerable to Authenticated Remote code execution in the agent machines due to the bug in the 3rd party dependency.
Severity
8.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-21 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zohocorp | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus |
Affected:
0 , < 6525
(6525)
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_adselfservice_plus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Zohocorp | ManageEngine DataSecurity Plus |
Affected:
0 , < 6264
(0)
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_datasecurity_plus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Zohocorp | ManageEngine RecoveryManager Plus |
Affected:
0 , < 6313
(0)
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_recoverymanager_plus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-2686 (GCVE-0-2026-2686)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-19 00:02 – Updated: 2026-02-24 15:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SECCN Dingcheng G10 session_login.cgi qq os command injection
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in SECCN Dingcheng G10 3.1.0.181203. This impacts the function qq of the file /cgi-bin/session_login.cgi. The manipulation of the argument User leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-24 15:49 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.346488 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.346488 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.754200 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/cha0yang1/SECCN/blob/main/Unau… | related |
| https://github.com/cha0yang1/SECCN/blob/main/Unau… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SECCN Dingcheng | G10 |
Affected:
3.1.0.181203
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CVE-2026-2670 (GCVE-0-2026-2670)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-18 21:02 – Updated: 2026-09-07 05:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Advantech WISE-6610-NB Background Management openvpn_apply os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in Advantech WISE-6610-NB, WISE-6610-EB, WISE-6610-TB, WISE-6610-JB, WISE-6610-CB, WISE-6610-EL-NB, WISE-6610-EL-EB, WISE-6610-EL-TB, WISE-6610-EL-JB, WISE-6610-EL-CB, WISE-6610P-DEA, WISE-6610P-DNA and WISE-6610P-DTA 1.2.1_20251110. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/luci/admin/openvpn_apply of the component Background Management. Such manipulation of the argument delete_file leads to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. Upgrading to version 1.2.4_20260821 is able to address this issue. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component. The vendor explains: "The delete operation has been redesigned to map the requested file type to a fixed allowlisted path, require a numeric tunnel ID, reject invalid requests, and use the native filesystem API (fs.unlink) instead of constructing a shell command from request data."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-20 19:32 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/346467 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/346467/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-2670 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/753293 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/master-abc/cve/issues/37 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://www.advantech.com/zh-tw/security-advisory | related |
| https://www.advantech.com/en-us/support/details/f… | patch |
| https://www.advantech.com/ | product |
Impacted products
13 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Advantech | WISE-6610-NB |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-nb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Advantech | WISE-6610-EB |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-eb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Advantech | WISE-6610-TB |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-tb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Advantech | WISE-6610-JB |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-jb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Advantech | WISE-6610-CB |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-cb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Advantech | WISE-6610-EL-NB |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-nb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Advantech | WISE-6610-EL-EB |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-eb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Advantech | WISE-6610-EL-TB |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-tb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Advantech | WISE-6610-EL-JB |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-jb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Advantech | WISE-6610-EL-CB |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-cb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Advantech | WISE-6610P-DEA |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610p-dea:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Advantech | WISE-6610P-DNA |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610p-dna:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Advantech | WISE-6610P-DTA |
Affected:
1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821 cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610p-dta:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"product": "WISE-6610-EL-JB",
"vendor": "Advantech",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.2.1_20251110"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "1.2.4_20260821"
}
]
},
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-cb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"Background Management"
],
"product": "WISE-6610-EL-CB",
"vendor": "Advantech",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.2.1_20251110"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "1.2.4_20260821"
}
]
},
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610p-dea:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"Background Management"
],
"product": "WISE-6610P-DEA",
"vendor": "Advantech",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.2.1_20251110"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "1.2.4_20260821"
}
]
},
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610p-dna:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"Background Management"
],
"product": "WISE-6610P-DNA",
"vendor": "Advantech",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.2.1_20251110"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "1.2.4_20260821"
}
]
},
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610p-dta:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"Background Management"
],
"product": "WISE-6610P-DTA",
"vendor": "Advantech",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.2.1_20251110"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "1.2.4_20260821"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "jiefengliang (VulDB User)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "VulDB CNA Team"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was identified in Advantech WISE-6610-NB, WISE-6610-EB, WISE-6610-TB, WISE-6610-JB, WISE-6610-CB, WISE-6610-EL-NB, WISE-6610-EL-EB, WISE-6610-EL-TB, WISE-6610-EL-JB, WISE-6610-EL-CB, WISE-6610P-DEA, WISE-6610P-DNA and WISE-6610P-DTA 1.2.1_20251110. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/luci/admin/openvpn_apply of the component Background Management. Such manipulation of the argument delete_file leads to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. Upgrading to version 1.2.4_20260821 is able to address this issue. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component. The vendor explains: \"The delete operation has been redesigned to map the requested file type to a fixed allowlisted path, require a numeric tunnel ID, reject invalid requests, and use the native filesystem API (fs.unlink) instead of constructing a shell command from request data.\""
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 8.6,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.2,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 7.2,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 8.3,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:M/C:C/I:C/A:C/E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "OS Command Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "Command Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-07T05:58:16.410Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
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"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-346467 | Advantech WISE-6610-NB Background Management openvpn_apply os command injection",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/346467"
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{
"name": "VDB-346467 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/346467/cti"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2026-2670 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-2670"
},
{
"name": "Submit #753293 | Advantech WISE-6610 v1.2.1_20251110 OS Command Injection",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/753293"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit",
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/master-abc/cve/issues/37"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://www.advantech.com/zh-tw/security-advisory"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
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"url": "https://www.advantech.com/en-us/support/details/firmware?id=1-2K7AXRI"
},
{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://www.advantech.com/"
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"timeline": [
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"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-02-18T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
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{
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"time": "2026-02-18T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-09-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Countermeasure disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-09-07T08:02:45.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "Advantech WISE-6610-NB Background Management openvpn_apply os command injection",
"x_generator": [
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},
"cveMetadata": {
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"cveId": "CVE-2026-2670",
"datePublished": "2026-02-18T21:02:08.426Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-02-18T09:16:43.848Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-07T05:58:16.410Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Implementation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.