Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-77

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

5760 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-79945 (GCVE-0-2026-79945)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 15:39 – Updated: 2026-09-11 13:06
VLAI
Summary
Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to command execution.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-11 03:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell Secure Connect Gateway 5.0 - Application Affected: 0 , < 5.36.00.00 or later (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Dell Secure Connect Gateway 5.0 - Appliance Affected: 0 , < 5.36.00.16 or later (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-31 06:30
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-79941 (GCVE-0-2026-79941)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 15:00 – Updated: 2026-09-11 12:59
VLAI
Summary
Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to script injection.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-11 03:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell Secure Connect Gateway 5.0 - Application Affected: 0 , < 5.36.00.00 or later (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Dell Secure Connect Gateway 5.0 - Appliance Affected: 0 , < 5.36.00.16 or later (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-31 06:30
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-79912 (GCVE-0-2026-79912)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 22:30 – Updated: 2026-08-26 14:10
VLAI
Title
TOTOLINK N600R cstecgi.cgi getCurrentTime command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in TOTOLINK N600R 4.3.0cu.7647_B20210106. The impacted element is the function getCurrentTime of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument ntp_server results in command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 14:10 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TOTOLINK N600R Affected: 4.3.0cu.7647_B20210106
    cpe:2.3:o:totolink:n600r_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-79792 (GCVE-0-2026-79792)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 20:30 – Updated: 2026-08-26 14:11
VLAI
Title
zackees transcribe-anything Yt-dlp Download ytldp_download.py ytdlp_download os command injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in zackees transcribe-anything up to 4.1.0. Affected is the function ytdlp_download of the file src/transcribe_anything/ytldp_download.py of the component Yt-dlp Download. This manipulation of the argument url causes os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The attack's complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 14:11 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zackees transcribe-anything Affected: 4.0
Affected: 4.1.0
    cpe:2.3:a:zackees:transcribe-anything:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-79754 (GCVE-0-2026-79754)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-02 16:38 – Updated: 2026-09-02 18:04
VLAI
Title
Nuclio: Kaniko build tempDir command injection
Summary
Nuclio is a "Serverless" framework for Real-Time Events and Data Processing. From version 1.6.19 to before version 1.17.2, Nuclio's Dashboard build pipeline does not sanitize the spec.build.tempDir field before using it to construct a shell command. When the Kaniko container builder is enabled, a user with function-create permission can inject shell metacharacters into this field and achieve arbitrary command execution inside the Dashboard container, which runs with a Kubernetes service account holding wildcard access to Secrets, Pods, Jobs, and Deployments in its namespace. This issue has been patched in version 1.17.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-02 18:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nuclio nuclio Affected: >= 1.6.19, < 1.17.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-79741 (GCVE-0-2026-79741)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 15:07 – Updated: 2026-09-11 12:59
VLAI
Summary
Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to script injection.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-11 03:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell Secure Connect Gateway 5.0 - Application Affected: 0 , < 5.36.00.00 or later (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Dell Secure Connect Gateway 5.0 - Appliance Affected: 0 , < 5.36.00.16 or later (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-31 06:30
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-79698 (GCVE-0-2026-79698)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-07 06:30 – Updated: 2026-09-11 20:35
VLAI
Title
Advantech WISE-6610-NB Node-RED nodered_lib_apply command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in Advantech WISE-6610-NB, WISE-6610-EB, WISE-6610-TB, WISE-6610-JB, WISE-6610-CB, WISE-6610-EL-NB, WISE-6610-EL-EB, WISE-6610-EL-TB, WISE-6610-EL-JB, WISE-6610-EL-CB, WISE-6610P-DEA, WISE-6610P-DNA and WISE-6610P-DTA 1.2.1_20251110. This vulnerability affects the function nodered_lib_apply of the component Node-RED Library. Such manipulation of the argument act leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. Upgrading to version 1.2.4_20260821 is able to resolve this issue. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-11 20:15 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Advantech WISE-6610-NB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-nb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-EB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-eb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-TB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-tb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-JB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-jb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-CB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-cb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-EL-NB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-nb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-EL-EB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-eb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-EL-TB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-tb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-EL-JB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-jb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-EL-CB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-cb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610P-DEA Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610p-dea:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610P-DNA Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610p-dna:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610P-DTA Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610p-dta:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-79697 (GCVE-0-2026-79697)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-07 06:15 – Updated: 2026-09-08 13:42
VLAI
Title
Advantech WISE-6610-NB Basic Station Certificate-Deletion basicstation_apply command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in Advantech WISE-6610-NB, WISE-6610-EB, WISE-6610-TB, WISE-6610-JB, WISE-6610-CB, WISE-6610-EL-NB, WISE-6610-EL-EB, WISE-6610-EL-TB, WISE-6610-EL-JB, WISE-6610-EL-CB, WISE-6610P-DEA, WISE-6610P-DNA and WISE-6610P-DTA 1.2.1_20251110. This affects the function basicstation_apply of the component Basic Station Certificate-Deletion Handler. This manipulation of the argument act causes command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version 1.2.4_20260821 is able to mitigate this issue. Upgrading the affected component is advised. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 13:42 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Advantech WISE-6610-NB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-nb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-EB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-eb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-TB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-tb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-JB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-jb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-CB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-cb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-EL-NB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-nb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-EL-EB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-eb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-EL-TB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-tb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-EL-JB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-jb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610-EL-CB Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610-el-cb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610P-DEA Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610p-dea:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610P-DNA Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610p-dna:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Advantech WISE-6610P-DTA Affected: 1.2.1_20251110
Unaffected: 1.2.4_20260821
    cpe:2.3:a:advantech:wise-6610p-dta:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-79682 (GCVE-0-2026-79682)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 15:30 – Updated: 2026-09-02 03:55
VLAI
Summary
Dell PowerStore contains a Command Injection vulnerability. An authenticated user with limited privileges could potentially exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell PowerStore 500T Affected: 0 , < 4.1.0.6-2771237 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 1000T Affected: 0 , < 4.1.0.6-2771237 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 1200T Affected: 0 , < 4.1.0.6-2771237 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 3000T Affected: 0 , < 4.1.0.6-2771237 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 3200Q Affected: 0 , < 4.1.0.6-2771237 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 3200T Affected: 0 , < 4.1.0.6-2771237 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 5000T Affected: 0 , < 4.1.0.6-2771237 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 5200Q Affected: 0 , < 4.1.0.6-2771237 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 5200T Affected: 0 , < 4.1.0.6-2771237 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 7000T Affected: 0 , < 4.1.0.6-2771237 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 9000T Affected: 0 , < 4.1.0.6-2771237 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 9200T Affected: 0 , < 4.1.0.6-2771237 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 500T Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1.2-2771239 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 1000T Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1.2-2771239 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 1200T Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1.2-2771239 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 3000T Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1.2-2771239 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 3200Q Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1.2-2771239 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 3200T Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1.2-2771239 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 5000T Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1.2-2771239 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 5200Q Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1.2-2771239 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 5200T Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1.2-2771239 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 7000T Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1.2-2771239 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 9000T Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1.2-2771239 or later (semver)
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Dell PowerStore 9200T Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1.2-2771239 or later (semver)
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Date Public
2026-08-27 06:30
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-79623 (GCVE-0-2026-79623)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 13:30 – Updated: 2026-08-27 14:35
VLAI
Title
FishCodeTech Muteki Default Local Worker Backend settings.json os command injection
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in FishCodeTech Muteki up to 0.2.5. The affected element is an unknown function of the file .claude/settings.json of the component Default Local Worker Backend. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The issue was closed with the comment (translated from Chinese): "The project will be refactored and shut down."
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 13:28 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FishCodeTech Muteki Affected: 0.2.0
Affected: 0.2.1
Affected: 0.2.2
Affected: 0.2.3
Affected: 0.2.4
Affected: 0.2.5
    cpe:2.3:a:fishcodetech:muteki:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Show details on NVD website

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          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "micr0softDl (VulDB User)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "VulDB CNA Team"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A security vulnerability has been detected in FishCodeTech Muteki up to 0.2.5. The affected element is an unknown function of the file .claude/settings.json of the component Default Local Worker Backend. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The issue was closed with the comment (translated from Chinese): \"The project will be refactored and shut down.\""
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      ],
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            "version": "4.0"
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T13:30:09.438Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
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          "time": "2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z",
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          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-08-25T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-08-25T10:47:57.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
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      "title": "FishCodeTech Muteki Default Local Worker Backend settings.json os command injection",
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-79623",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-25T13:30:09.438Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-25T08:42:50.129Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T14:35:48.228Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

Mitigation
Implementation

If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation

Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.

CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection

An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection

An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.

CAPEC-248: Command Injection

An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.

CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices

This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files

Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.