Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5416 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-4231 (GCVE-0-2025-4231)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-12 23:27 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PAN-OS: Authenticated Admin Command Injection Vulnerability in the Management Web Interface
Summary
A command injection vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® enables an authenticated administrative user to perform actions as the root user.
The attacker must have network access to the management web interface and successfully authenticate to exploit this issue.
Cloud NGFW and Prisma Access are not impacted by this vulnerability.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-4231 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palo Alto Networks | Cloud NGFW |
Unaffected:
All , < 6.3.3
(custom)
|
|
| Palo Alto Networks | PAN-OS |
Unaffected:
11.2.0
(custom)
Unaffected: 11.1.0 (custom) Affected: 11.0.0 , < 11.0.3 (custom) Affected: 10.2.0 , < 10.2.8 (custom) Affected: 10.1.0 (custom) cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:11.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:palo_alto_networks:pan-os:10.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Palo Alto Networks | Prisma Access |
Unaffected:
All
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-06-11 16:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-4135 (GCVE-0-2025-4135)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-30 17:31 – Updated: 2025-04-30 18:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Netgear WG302v2 ui_get_input_value command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Netgear WG302v2 up to 5.2.9 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function ui_get_input_value. The manipulation of the argument host leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.306626 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306626 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.560779 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/jylsec/vuldb/blob/main/Netgear… | patch |
| https://www.netgear.com/ | product |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2025-4122 (GCVE-0-2025-4122)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-30 14:31 – Updated: 2025-04-30 15:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Netgear JWNR2000v2 sub_435E04 command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Netgear JWNR2000v2 1.0.0.11. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function sub_435E04. The manipulation of the argument host leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.306602 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306602 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.560776 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/jylsec/vuldb/blob/main/Netgear… | related |
| https://www.netgear.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Netgear | JWNR2000v2 |
Affected:
1.0.0.11
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-4121 (GCVE-0-2025-4121)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-30 14:00 – Updated: 2025-04-30 15:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Netgear JWNR2000v2 cmd_wireless command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Netgear JWNR2000v2 1.0.0.11. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function cmd_wireless. The manipulation of the argument host leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.306601 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306601 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.560775 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/jylsec/vuldb/blob/main/Netgear… | related |
| https://www.netgear.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Netgear | JWNR2000v2 |
Affected:
1.0.0.11
|
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CVE-2025-4076 (GCVE-0-2025-4076)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-29 18:00 – Updated: 2025-04-29 18:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LB-LINK BL-AC3600 Password lighttpd.cgi easy_uci_set_option_string_0 command injection
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in LB-LINK BL-AC3600 up to 1.0.22. This affects the function easy_uci_set_option_string_0 of the file /cgi-bin/lighttpd.cgi of the component Password Handler. The manipulation of the argument routepwd leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.306513 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306513 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.560232 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/GrayLxton/BLink_poc | exploit |
| https://github.com/GrayLxton/BLink_poc/blob/main/poc.py | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LB-LINK | BL-AC3600 |
Affected:
1.0.0
Affected: 1.0.1 Affected: 1.0.2 Affected: 1.0.3 Affected: 1.0.4 Affected: 1.0.5 Affected: 1.0.6 Affected: 1.0.7 Affected: 1.0.8 Affected: 1.0.9 Affected: 1.0.10 Affected: 1.0.11 Affected: 1.0.12 Affected: 1.0.13 Affected: 1.0.14 Affected: 1.0.15 Affected: 1.0.16 Affected: 1.0.17 Affected: 1.0.18 Affected: 1.0.19 Affected: 1.0.20 Affected: 1.0.21 Affected: 1.0.22 |
Credits
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CVE-2025-4032 (GCVE-0-2025-4032)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-28 18:31 – Updated: 2025-04-28 18:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
inclusionAI AWorld shell_tool.py subprocess.Popen os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in inclusionAI AWorld up to 8c257626e648d98d793dd9a1a950c2af4dd84c4e. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function subprocess.run/subprocess.Popen of the file AWorld/aworld/virtual_environments/terminals/shell_tool.py. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product does not use versioning. This is why information about affected and unaffected releases are unavailable.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.306395 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306395 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.559222 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/inclusionAI/AWorld/issues/38 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/inclusionAI/AWorld/issues/38#i… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/inclusionAI/AWorld/issues/38#i… | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| inclusionAI | AWorld |
Affected:
8c257626e648d98d793dd9a1a950c2af4dd84c4e
|
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CVE-2025-4010 (GCVE-0-2025-4010)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-02 07:00 – Updated: 2025-06-02 13:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Arbitrary Command Injection in Netcom NTC-6200 & NWL-222
Summary
The Netcom NTC 6200 and NWL 222 series expose a web interface to be configured and set up by operators. Multiple endpoints of the web interface are vulnerable to arbitrary command injection and use insecure hardcoded passwords. Remote authenticated attackers can gain arbitrary code execution with elevated privileges.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.onekey.com/resource/security-advisory… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2025-4009 (GCVE-0-2025-4009)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-28 07:00 – Updated: 2025-09-12 13:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unauthenticated Arbitrary Command Injection in Evertz SDVN
Summary
The Evertz SDVN 3080ipx-10G is a High Bandwidth Ethernet Switching Fabric for Video Application. This device exposes a web management interface on port 80. This web management interface can be used by administrators to control product
features, setup network switching, and register license among other features. The application has been developed in PHP with the webEASY SDK, also named ‘ewb’ by Evertz.
This web interface has two endpoints that are vulnerable to arbitrary command injection (CVE-2025-4009, CVE-2025-10364) and the authentication mechanism has a flaw leading to authentication bypass (CVE-2025-10365).
CVE-2025-4009 covers the command injection in feature-transfer-import.php
CVE-2025-10364 covers the command injection in feature-transfer-export.php
Remote unauthenticated attackers can gain arbitrary command execution with elevated privileges ( root ) on affected devices.
This level of access could lead to serious business impact such as the interruption of media streaming, modification of media being streamed, alteration of closed captions being generated, among others.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.onekey.com/resource/security-advisory… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Evertz | 3080ipx-10G |
Affected:
0
|
|
| Evertz | MViP-II |
Affected:
0
|
|
| Evertz | cVIP |
Affected:
0
|
|
| Evertz | 7890IXG |
Affected:
0
|
|
| Evertz | CC Access Server |
Affected:
0
|
|
| Evertz | 5782XPS-APP-4E |
Affected:
0
|
Date Public
2025-05-28 07:00
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CVE-2025-4008 (GCVE-0-2025-4008)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-21 15:31 – Updated: 2026-02-26 18:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Arbitrary Command Injection in Smartbedded MeteoBridge
Summary
The Meteobridge web interface let meteobridge administrator manage their weather station data collection and administer their meteobridge system through a web application written in CGI shell scripts and C.
This web interface exposes an endpoint that is vulnerable to command injection.
Remote unauthenticated attackers can gain arbitrary command execution with elevated privileges ( root ) on affected devices.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.onekey.com/resource/security-advisory… | third-party-advisory |
| https://forum.meteohub.de/viewtopic.php?t=18687 | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smartbedded | MeteoBridge |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 6.1
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-3987 (GCVE-0-2025-3987)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-27 21:31 – Updated: 2025-04-28 17:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
TOTOLINK N150RT formWsc command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK N150RT 3.4.0-B20190525. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /boafrm/formWsc. The manipulation of the argument localPin leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.306323 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306323 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.557938 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/fizz-is-on-the-way/Iot_vuls/tr… | exploit |
| https://www.totolink.net/ | product |
Credits
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"value": "Eine Schwachstelle wurde in TOTOLINK N150RT 3.4.0-B20190525 ausgemacht. Sie wurde als kritisch eingestuft. Betroffen davon ist ein unbekannter Prozess der Datei /boafrm/formWsc. Mittels Manipulieren des Arguments localPin mit unbekannten Daten kann eine command injection-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Die Umsetzung des Angriffs kann dabei \u00fcber das Netzwerk erfolgen. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung."
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Implementation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.