Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8812 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-54757 (GCVE-0-2026-54757)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 23:02 – Updated: 2026-08-26 12:21
VLAI
Title
Trestle has Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) via Recursive Template Re-evaluation of Untrusted Data
Summary
Compliance-trestle (Trestle) is a Python SDK and command-line tool for managing OSCAL compliance documents. In versions before 3.12.4 and versions 4.0.0 through 4.0.3, Trestle is vulnerable to server-side template injection that can lead to remote code execution. This occurs because the MDCleanInclude and MDSectionInclude Jinja2 tags re-parse untrusted Markdown content as template source code using a non-sandboxed jinja2.Environment. An attacker who controls content that Trestle renders, such as a crafted workspace Markdown file, a third-party SSP document, or a YAML lookup-table value, can inject a Jinja2 expression that traverses Python object internals to execute arbitrary operating system commands in the context of the Trestle process. This issue is fixed in versions 3.12.4 and 4.1.0.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 12:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
oscal-compass compliance-trestle Affected: < 3.12.4
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54721 (GCVE-0-2026-54721)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 16:52 – Updated: 2026-08-28 15:58
VLAI
Title
Silverstripe UserForms: Remote code execution via userforms email subject
Summary
Silverstripe UserForms provides a visual form builder for the Silverstripe CMS. From 6.0.0 until 6.4.9, 7.0.7, and 7.1.1, the userform email recipient subject field in the CMS accepts a specially crafted payload that can be interpreted as executable server-side code. An authenticated CMS user with permission to configure a UserForms email recipient can use the subject field to run arbitrary code on the server, compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This issue is fixed in versions 6.4.9, 7.0.7, and 7.1.1.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 15:45 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
silverstripe silverstripe-userforms Affected: < 6.4.9
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.0.7
Affected: >= 7.1.0, < 7.1.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54666 (GCVE-0-2026-54666)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:34 – Updated: 2026-07-30 13:47
VLAI
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped OpenAPI path strings in generated method bodies
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from an OpenAPI Specification. Prior to 13.12.2, src/schema-routes/schema-routes.ts passes OpenAPI path keys through parseRouteName to templates/default/procedure-call.ejs and templates/modular/procedure-call.ejs without escaping JavaScript template literal interpolation, allowing an attacker-controlled path containing ${...} to execute when the generated method is called. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-30 13:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54664 (GCVE-0-2026-54664)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:32 – Updated: 2026-07-30 15:19
VLAI
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped enum string values
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from an OpenAPI Specification. Prior to 13.12.2, src/schema-parser/base-schema-parsers/enum.ts passes components.schemas.*.enum[i] values to Ts.StringValue in src/configuration.ts without escaping before templates/base/enum-data-contract.ejs renders TypeScript enum declarations, allowing an attacker-controlled OpenAPI spec to inject code that executes when the generated module is imported. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-30 13:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54662 (GCVE-0-2026-54662)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:26 – Updated: 2026-07-29 15:16
VLAI
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped `servers[0].url` in fetch http-client template
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from OpenAPI specifications. Prior to 13.12.2, src/code-gen-process.ts createApiConfig copies servers[0].url into apiConfig.baseUrl, and templates/base/http-clients/fetch-http-client.ejs interpolates apiConfig.baseUrl into the generated HttpClient baseUrl field without escaping, allowing an attacker-controlled OpenAPI spec to inject TypeScript static field code that executes when the generated fetch client module is imported. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 15:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54661 (GCVE-0-2026-54661)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:30 – Updated: 2026-07-29 15:00
VLAI
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped `servers[0].url` in axios http-client template
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from an OpenAPI Specification. Prior to 13.12.2, templates/base/http-clients/axios-http-client.ejs interpolates servers[0].url from src/code-gen-process.ts into the HttpClient constructor without escaping, allowing an attacker-controlled OpenAPI spec to inject code that executes when new HttpClient() or new Api() is constructed. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 14:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54656 (GCVE-0-2026-54656)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 21:43 – Updated: 2026-07-29 14:12
VLAI
Title
`datamodel-code-generator` vulnerable to code execution on import via unescaped `validators` entries in --extra-template-data
Summary
datamodel-code-generator generates Pydantic v2 models, dataclasses, TypedDict, and msgspec.Struct from OpenAPI, JSON Schema, GraphQL, Avro, Protobuf, and raw JSON, YAML, or CSV. From 0.52.1 until 0.60.2, datamodel-code-generator interpolates validators from --extra-template-data in src/datamodel_code_generator/model/pydantic_v2/base_model.py through _process_validators into @field_validator decorators without safe validation, allowing Python code execution when the generated Pydantic v2 model is imported. This issue is fixed in version 0.60.2.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 14:12 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
koxudaxi datamodel-code-generator Affected: >= 0.52.1, < 0.60.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54655 (GCVE-0-2026-54655)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 21:33 – Updated: 2026-07-29 12:47
VLAI
Title
`datamodel-code-generator` vulnerable to code execution on import via `x-python-type` JSON-Schema extension in datamodel-code-generator
Summary
datamodel-code-generator generates Python data models from schema definitions. From 0.51.0 until 0.60.2, x-python-type values parsed by src/datamodel_code_generator/parser/jsonschema.py in _get_python_type_override are inserted into generated field annotations without sufficient validation, allowing attacker-controlled JSON Schema content to execute Python code when the generated module is imported. This issue is fixed in version 0.60.2.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 12:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
koxudaxi datamodel-code-generator Affected: >= 0.51.0, < 0.60.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54654 (GCVE-0-2026-54654)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 21:22 – Updated: 2026-07-29 15:24
VLAI
Title
`datamodel-code-generator` vulnerable to code injection via unescaped carriage return in `--extra-template-data` `comment` field
Summary
datamodel-code-generator generates Python data models from schema definitions. From 0.14.1 until 0.60.2, the --extra-template-data comment field is rendered into Python comments in src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/TypeAliasAnnotation.jinja2, src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/TypedDict.jinja2, src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/dataclass.jinja2, src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/msgspec.Struct.jinja2, src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/pydantic/BaseModel.jinja2, and src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/pydantic_v2/BaseModel.jinja2 without neutralizing carriage returns in Python # comments, allowing an attacker-controlled comment value to inject Python code into generated models that runs when imported. This issue is fixed in version 0.60.2.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 14:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
koxudaxi datamodel-code-generator Affected: >= 0.14.1, < 0.60.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54653 (GCVE-0-2026-54653)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 21:48 – Updated: 2026-07-29 13:27
VLAI
Title
`datamodel-code-generator` vulnerable to code injection in via attacker-controlled `default_factory` schema field
Summary
datamodel-code-generator generates Pydantic v2 models, dataclasses, TypedDict, and msgspec.Struct from OpenAPI, JSON Schema, GraphQL, Avro, Protobuf, and raw JSON, YAML, or CSV. From 0.17.0 until 0.60.2, datamodel-code-generator preserves attacker-controlled default_factory values in src/datamodel_code_generator/parser/jsonschema.py through JsonSchemaObject.init and get_field_extras and emits them into Field(default_factory=...) or field(default_factory=...), allowing Python expression execution when the generated model is imported. This issue is fixed in version 0.60.2.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 13:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
koxudaxi datamodel-code-generator Affected: >= 0.17.0, < 0.60.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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