Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8284 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-33937 (GCVE-0-2026-33937)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 21:03 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Handlebars.js has JavaScript Injection via AST Type Confusion
Summary
Handlebars provides the power necessary to let users build semantic templates. In versions 4.0.0 through 4.7.8, `Handlebars.compile()` accepts a pre-parsed AST object in addition to a template string. The `value` field of a `NumberLiteral` AST node is emitted directly into the generated JavaScript without quoting or sanitization. An attacker who can supply a crafted AST to `compile()` can therefore inject and execute arbitrary JavaScript, leading to Remote Code Execution on the server. Version 4.7.9 fixes the issue. Some workarounds are available. Validate input type before calling `Handlebars.compile()`; ensure the argument is always a `string`, never a plain object or JSON-deserialized value. Use the Handlebars runtime-only build (`handlebars/runtime`) on the server if templates are pre-compiled at build time; `compile()` will be unavailable.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-33937 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2452523 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34342 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10175 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
14 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| handlebars-lang | handlebars.js |
Affected:
>= 4.0.0, < 4.7.9
|
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782839279 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782840539 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782839996 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.27 |
Unaffected:
1776744110 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.27::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cryostat 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift |
cpe:/a:redhat:logging:5 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Data Grid 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Process Automation 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7 |
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CVE-2026-33881 (GCVE-0-2026-33881)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 20:34 – Updated: 2026-04-01 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windmill: Rogue Workspace Admins can inject code via unescaped workspace environment variable interpolation in NativeTS executor
Summary
Windmill is an open-source developer platform for internal code: APIs, background jobs, workflows and UIs. Workspace environment variable values are interpolated into JavaScript string literals without escaping single quotes in the NativeTS executor. A workspace admin who sets a custom environment variable with a value containing `'` can inject arbitrary JavaScript that executes inside every NativeTS script in that workspace. This is a code injection bug in `worker.rs`, not related to the sandbox/NSJAIL topic. Version 1.664.0 patches the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/windmill-labs/windmill/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| windmill-labs | windmill |
Affected:
< 1.664.0
|
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CVE-2026-33873 (GCVE-0-2026-33873)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 20:04 – Updated: 2026-04-02 13:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Langflow has Authenticated Code Execution in Agentic Assistant Validation
Summary
Langflow is a tool for building and deploying AI-powered agents and workflows. Prior to version 1.9.0, the Agentic Assistant feature in Langflow executes LLM-generated Python code during its validation phase. Although this phase appears intended to validate generated component code, the implementation reaches dynamic execution sinks and instantiates the generated class server-side. In deployments where an attacker can access the Agentic Assistant feature and influence the model output, this can result in arbitrary server-side Python execution. Version 1.9.0 fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
16 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| langflow-ai | langflow |
Affected:
< 1.9.0
|
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CVE-2026-33744 (GCVE-0-2026-33744)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 00:45 – Updated: 2026-03-27 20:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
BentoML has Dockerfile Command Injection via system_packages in bentofile.yaml
Summary
BentoML is a Python library for building online serving systems optimized for AI apps and model inference. Prior to 1.4.37, the `docker.system_packages` field in `bentofile.yaml` accepts arbitrary strings that are interpolated directly into Dockerfile `RUN` commands without sanitization. Since `system_packages` is semantically a list of OS package names (data), users do not expect values to be interpreted as shell commands. A malicious `bentofile.yaml` achieves arbitrary command execution during `bentoml containerize` / `docker build`. Version 1.4.37 fixes the issue.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bentoml/BentoML/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-33660 (GCVE-0-2026-33660)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-25 17:09 – Updated: 2026-03-28 01:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
n8n Has Multiple Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities in Merge Node AlaSQL SQL Mode
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.14.1, 2.13.3, and 1.123.26, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could use the Merge node's "Combine by SQL" mode to read local files on the n8n host and achieve remote code execution. The AlaSQL sandbox did not sufficiently restrict certain SQL statements, allowing an attacker to access sensitive files on the server or even compromise the instance. The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.14.1, 2.13.3, and 1.123.26. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only, and/or disable the Merge node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.merge` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-33654 (GCVE-0-2026-33654)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 19:43 – Updated: 2026-03-30 18:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Zero-Click Indirect Prompt Injection and Authentication Bypass via Email Polling
Summary
nanobot is a personal AI assistant. Prior to version 0.1.6, an indirect prompt injection vulnerability exists in the email channel processing module (`nanobot/channels/email.py`), allowing a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary LLM instructions (and subsequently, system tools) without any interaction from the bot owner. By sending an email containing malicious prompts to the bot's monitored email address, the bot automatically polls, ingests, and processes the email content as highly trusted input, fully bypassing channel isolation and resulting in a stealthy, zero-click attack. Version 0.1.6 patches the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-33646 (GCVE-0-2026-33646)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-26 16:51 – Updated: 2026-06-29 13:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
mise: Arbitrary Code Execution via Tera Templates in .tool-versions Files (Trust Bypass)
Summary
mise manages dev tools like node, python, cmake, and terraform. Prior to 2026.3.10, mise processes .tool-versions files through the Tera template engine during parsing, with the exec() function registered, enabling arbitrary command execution. Unlike .mise.toml files, .tool-versions files are not subject to trust verification in non-paranoid mode. This means an attacker can place a malicious .tool-versions file in a git repository, and when a victim with mise activated cds into the directory, arbitrary commands execute without any trust prompt. This vulnerability is fixed in 2026.3.10.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jdx/mise/security/advisories/G… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-33622 (GCVE-0-2026-33622)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 20:44 – Updated: 2026-03-27 20:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
A PinchTab Security Policy Bypass in /wait Allows Arbitrary JavaScript Execution
Summary
PinchTab is a standalone HTTP server that gives AI agents direct control over a Chrome browser. PinchTab `v0.8.3` through `v0.8.5` allow arbitrary JavaScript execution through `POST /wait` and `POST /tabs/{id}/wait` when the request uses `fn` mode, even if `security.allowEvaluate` is disabled. `POST /evaluate` correctly enforces the `security.allowEvaluate` guard, which is disabled by default. However, in the affected releases, `POST /wait` accepted a user-controlled `fn` expression, embedded it directly into executable JavaScript, and evaluated it in the browser context without checking the same policy. This is a security-policy bypass rather than a separate authentication bypass. Exploitation still requires authenticated API access, but a caller with the server token can execute arbitrary JavaScript in a tab context even when the operator explicitly disabled JavaScript evaluation. The current worktree fixes this by applying the same policy boundary to `fn` mode in `/wait` that already exists on `/evaluate`, while preserving the non-code wait modes. As of time of publication, a patched version is not yet available.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pinchtab/pinchtab/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-33479 (GCVE-0-2026-33479)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-23 14:05 – Updated: 2026-03-23 14:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AVideo has PHP Code Injection via eval() in Gallery saveSort.json.php Exploitable Through CSRF Against Admin
Summary
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, the Gallery plugin's `saveSort.json.php` endpoint passes unsanitized user input from `$_REQUEST['sections']` array values directly into PHP's `eval()` function. While the endpoint is gated behind `User::isAdmin()`, it has no CSRF token validation. Combined with AVideo's explicit `SameSite=None` session cookie configuration, an attacker can exploit this via cross-site request forgery to achieve unauthenticated remote code execution — requiring only that an admin visits an attacker-controlled page. Commit 087dab8841f8bdb54be184105ef19b47c5698fcb contains a patch.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/087dab8841f… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-33435 (GCVE-0-2026-33435)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-15 18:13 – Updated: 2026-04-15 18:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Weblate: Remote code execution during backup restoration
Summary
Weblate is a web based localization tool. In versions prior to 5.17, the project backup didn't filter Git and Mercurial configuration files which could lead to remote code execution under certain circumstances. This issue has been fixed in version 5.17. If developers are unable to update immediately, they can limit the scope of the vulnerability by restricting access to the project backup, as it is only accessible to users who can create projects.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/WeblateOrg/weblate/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/WeblateOrg/weblate/pull/18549 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WeblateOrg | weblate |
Affected:
< 5.17
|
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Operation
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.