Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8340 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-66457 (GCVE-0-2025-66457)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 20:03 – Updated: 2025-12-12 19:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Elysia affected by arbitrary code injection through cookie config
Summary
Elysia is a Typescript framework for request validation, type inference, OpenAPI documentation and client-server communication. Versions 1.4.17 and below are subject to arbitrary code execution from cookie config. When dynamic cookies are enabled (e.g. there an existing cookie schema), the cookie config is injected into the compiled route without first being sanitised. Availability of this exploit is generally low, but when combined with GHSA-hxj9-33pp-j2cc, it allows for a full RCE chain. An attack requires write access to either the Elysia app's source code (in which case the vulnerability is meaningless) or write access to the cookie config (perhaps where it is assumed to be provisioned by the environment). This issue is fixed in version 1.4.18.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/security/advis… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/pull/1564 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/commit/26935bf… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/commit/3af9786… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sportshead/elysia-poc | exploit |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66457",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-12T19:37:53.151226Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-12T19:39:02.677Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/sportshead/elysia-poc"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "elysia",
"vendor": "elysiajs",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.4.18"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Elysia is a Typescript framework for request validation, type inference, OpenAPI documentation and client-server communication. Versions 1.4.17 and below are subject to arbitrary code execution from cookie config. When dynamic cookies are enabled (e.g. there an existing cookie schema), the cookie config is injected into the compiled route without first being sanitised. Availability of this exploit is generally low, but when combined with GHSA-hxj9-33pp-j2cc, it allows for a full RCE chain. An attack requires write access to either the Elysia app\u0027s source code (in which case the vulnerability is meaningless) or write access to the cookie config (perhaps where it is assumed to be provisioned by the environment). This issue is fixed in version 1.4.18."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T20:03:45.918Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/security/advisories/GHSA-8vch-m3f4-q8jf",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/security/advisories/GHSA-8vch-m3f4-q8jf"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/security/advisories/GHSA-hxj9-33pp-j2cc",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/security/advisories/GHSA-hxj9-33pp-j2cc"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/pull/1564",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/pull/1564"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/commit/26935bf76ebc43b4a43d48b173fc853de43bb51e",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/commit/26935bf76ebc43b4a43d48b173fc853de43bb51e"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/commit/3af978663e437dccc6c1a2a3aff4b74e1574849e",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/commit/3af978663e437dccc6c1a2a3aff4b74e1574849e"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-8vch-m3f4-q8jf",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Elysia affected by arbitrary code injection through cookie config"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66457",
"datePublished": "2025-12-09T20:03:45.918Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-01T22:51:54.581Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-12T19:39:02.677Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-66448 (GCVE-0-2025-66448)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-01 22:45 – Updated: 2025-12-02 14:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vLLM vulnerable to remote code execution via transformers_utils/get_config
Summary
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.11.1, vllm has a critical remote code execution vector in a config class named Nemotron_Nano_VL_Config. When vllm loads a model config that contains an auto_map entry, the config class resolves that mapping with get_class_from_dynamic_module(...) and immediately instantiates the returned class. This fetches and executes Python from the remote repository referenced in the auto_map string. Crucially, this happens even when the caller explicitly sets trust_remote_code=False in vllm.transformers_utils.config.get_config. In practice, an attacker can publish a benign-looking frontend repo whose config.json points via auto_map to a separate malicious backend repo; loading the frontend will silently run the backend’s code on the victim host. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.11.1.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/28126 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/ffb08… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vllm-project | vllm |
Affected:
< 0.11.1
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66448",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-02T14:14:49.921511Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-02T14:14:58.324Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "vllm",
"vendor": "vllm-project",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.11.1"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.11.1, vllm has a critical remote code execution vector in a config class named Nemotron_Nano_VL_Config. When vllm loads a model config that contains an auto_map entry, the config class resolves that mapping with get_class_from_dynamic_module(...) and immediately instantiates the returned class. This fetches and executes Python from the remote repository referenced in the auto_map string. Crucially, this happens even when the caller explicitly sets trust_remote_code=False in vllm.transformers_utils.config.get_config. In practice, an attacker can publish a benign-looking frontend repo whose config.json points via auto_map to a separate malicious backend repo; loading the frontend will silently run the backend\u2019s code on the victim host. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.11.1."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-01T22:45:42.566Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-8fr4-5q9j-m8gm",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-8fr4-5q9j-m8gm"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/28126",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/28126"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/ffb08379d8870a1a81ba82b72797f196838d0c86",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/ffb08379d8870a1a81ba82b72797f196838d0c86"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-8fr4-5q9j-m8gm",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "vLLM vulnerable to remote code execution via transformers_utils/get_config"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66448",
"datePublished": "2025-12-01T22:45:42.566Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-01T18:22:06.865Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-02T14:14:58.324Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-66299 (GCVE-0-2025-66299)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-01 21:15 – Updated: 2025-12-02 14:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Security Sandbox Bypass with SSTI (Server Side Template Injection) in the Grav CMS
Summary
Grav is a file-based Web platform. Prior to 1.8.0-beta.27, Grav CMS is vulnerable to a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that allows any authenticated user with editor permissions to execute arbitrary code on the remote server, bypassing the existing security sandbox. Since the security sandbox does not fully protect the Twig object, it is possible to interact with it (e.g., call methods, read/write attributes) through maliciously crafted Twig template directives injected into a web page. This allows an authenticated editor to add arbitrary functions to the Twig attribute system.twig.safe_filters, effectively bypassing the Grav CMS sandbox. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.0-beta.27.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/e37259527d… | x_refsource_MISC |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66299",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-02T14:07:46.404721Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-02T14:07:58.544Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "grav",
"vendor": "getgrav",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.8.0-beta.27"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Grav is a file-based Web platform. Prior to 1.8.0-beta.27, Grav CMS is vulnerable to a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that allows any authenticated user with editor permissions to execute arbitrary code on the remote server, bypassing the existing security sandbox. Since the security sandbox does not fully protect the Twig object, it is possible to interact with it (e.g., call methods, read/write attributes) through maliciously crafted Twig template directives injected into a web page. This allows an authenticated editor to add arbitrary functions to the Twig attribute system.twig.safe_filters, effectively bypassing the Grav CMS sandbox. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.0-beta.27."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1336",
"description": "CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-01T21:15:11.704Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-gjc5-8cfh-653x",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-gjc5-8cfh-653x"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/e37259527d9c1deb6200f8967197a9fa587c6458",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/e37259527d9c1deb6200f8967197a9fa587c6458"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-gjc5-8cfh-653x",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Security Sandbox Bypass with SSTI (Server Side Template Injection) in the Grav CMS"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66299",
"datePublished": "2025-12-01T21:15:11.704Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-26T23:11:46.393Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-02T14:07:58.544Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-66294 (GCVE-0-2025-66294)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-01 20:52 – Updated: 2025-12-02 14:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Grav is vulnerable to RCE via SSTI through Twig Sandbox Bypass
Summary
Grav is a file-based Web platform. Prior to 1.8.0-beta.27, a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in Grav that allows authenticated attackers with editor permissions to execute arbitrary commands on the server and, under certain conditions, may also be exploited by unauthenticated attackers. This vulnerability stems from weak regex validation in the cleanDangerousTwig method. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.0-beta.27.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/e37259527d… | x_refsource_MISC |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66294",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-02T14:05:10.905709Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-02T14:05:20.675Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "grav",
"vendor": "getgrav",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.8.0-beta.27"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Grav is a file-based Web platform. Prior to 1.8.0-beta.27, a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in Grav that allows authenticated attackers with editor permissions to execute arbitrary commands on the server and, under certain conditions, may also be exploited by unauthenticated attackers. This vulnerability stems from weak regex validation in the cleanDangerousTwig method. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.0-beta.27."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1336",
"description": "CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-01T20:52:08.533Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-662m-56v4-3r8f",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-662m-56v4-3r8f"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/e37259527d9c1deb6200f8967197a9fa587c6458",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/e37259527d9c1deb6200f8967197a9fa587c6458"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-662m-56v4-3r8f",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Grav is vulnerable to RCE via SSTI through Twig Sandbox Bypass"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66294",
"datePublished": "2025-12-01T20:52:08.533Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-26T23:11:46.393Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-02T14:05:20.675Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-66224 (GCVE-0-2025-66224)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-29 03:04 – Updated: 2025-12-01 15:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OrangeHRM is Vulnerable to Code Execution Through Arbitrary File Write from Sendmail Parameter Injection
Summary
OrangeHRM is a comprehensive human resource management (HRM) system. From version 5.0 to 5.7, the application contains an input-neutralization flaw in its mail configuration and delivery workflow that allows user-controlled values to flow directly into the system’s sendmail command. Because these values are not sanitized or constrained before being incorporated into the command execution path, certain sendmail behaviors can be unintentionally invoked during email processing. This makes it possible for the application to write files on the server as part of the mail-handling routine, and in deployments where those files end up in web-accessible locations, the behavior can be leveraged to achieve execution of attacker-controlled content. The issue stems entirely from constructing OS-level command strings using unsanitized input within the mail-sending logic. This issue has been patched in version 5.8.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/orangehrm/orangehrm/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66224",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-01T15:13:01.629598Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-01T15:13:29.930Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "orangehrm",
"vendor": "orangehrm",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 5.0, \u003c 5.8"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "OrangeHRM is a comprehensive human resource management (HRM) system. From version 5.0 to 5.7, the application contains an input-neutralization flaw in its mail configuration and delivery workflow that allows user-controlled values to flow directly into the system\u2019s sendmail command. Because these values are not sanitized or constrained before being incorporated into the command execution path, certain sendmail behaviors can be unintentionally invoked during email processing. This makes it possible for the application to write files on the server as part of the mail-handling routine, and in deployments where those files end up in web-accessible locations, the behavior can be leveraged to achieve execution of attacker-controlled content. The issue stems entirely from constructing OS-level command strings using unsanitized input within the mail-sending logic. This issue has been patched in version 5.8."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 9,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-29T03:04:42.301Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/orangehrm/orangehrm/security/advisories/GHSA-2w7w-h5wv-xr55",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/orangehrm/orangehrm/security/advisories/GHSA-2w7w-h5wv-xr55"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-2w7w-h5wv-xr55",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "OrangeHRM is Vulnerable to Code Execution Through Arbitrary File Write from Sendmail Parameter Injection"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66224",
"datePublished": "2025-11-29T03:04:42.301Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-24T23:01:29.679Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-01T15:13:29.930Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-66222 (GCVE-0-2025-66222)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-03 18:34 – Updated: 2025-12-03 19:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DeepChat Cross-Site Scripting(XSS) escalate to Remote Code Execution(RCE)
Summary
DeepChat is a smart assistant uses artificial intelligence. In 0.5.0 and earlier, there is a Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Mermaid diagram renderer allows an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript within the application context. By leveraging the exposed Electron IPC bridge, this XSS can be escalated to Remote Code Execution (RCE) by registering and starting a malicious MCP (Model Context Protocol) server.
Severity
9.7 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/commit/3… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ThinkInAIXYZ | deepchat |
Affected:
< 0.5.0
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66222",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-03T19:10:00.682750Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-03T19:10:17.039Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "deepchat",
"vendor": "ThinkInAIXYZ",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.5.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "DeepChat is a smart assistant uses artificial intelligence. In 0.5.0 and earlier, there is a Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Mermaid diagram renderer allows an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript within the application context. By leveraging the exposed Electron IPC bridge, this XSS can be escalated to Remote Code Execution (RCE) by registering and starting a malicious MCP (Model Context Protocol) server."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.7,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-03T18:34:44.019Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-v8v5-c872-mf8r",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-v8v5-c872-mf8r"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/commit/371ca7b42e3685aee6e3f0c61e85277ed1ff4db7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/commit/371ca7b42e3685aee6e3f0c61e85277ed1ff4db7"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-v8v5-c872-mf8r",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "DeepChat Cross-Site Scripting(XSS) escalate to Remote Code Execution(RCE)"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66222",
"datePublished": "2025-12-03T18:34:44.019Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-24T23:01:29.679Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-03T19:10:17.039Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-66078 (GCVE-0-2025-66078)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-18 07:22 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress Hotel Booking Lite plugin <= 5.2.3 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Summary
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in jetmonsters Hotel Booking Lite motopress-hotel-booking-lite allows Remote Code Inclusion.This issue affects Hotel Booking Lite: from n/a through <= 5.2.3.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jetmonsters | Hotel Booking Lite |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.2.3
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-04-22 14:23
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66078",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-27T17:17:38.351748Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-27T17:17:41.201Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://wordpress.org/plugins",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "motopress-hotel-booking-lite",
"product": "Hotel Booking Lite",
"vendor": "jetmonsters",
"versions": [
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "5.2.4",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.2.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "benzdeus | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-04-22T14:23:17.086Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in jetmonsters Hotel Booking Lite motopress-hotel-booking-lite allows Remote Code Inclusion.\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects Hotel Booking Lite: from n/a through \u003c= 5.2.3.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in jetmonsters Hotel Booking Lite motopress-hotel-booking-lite allows Remote Code Inclusion.This issue affects Hotel Booking Lite: from n/a through \u003c= 5.2.3."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-253",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Remote Code Inclusion"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.1,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-28T16:14:16.343Z",
"orgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
"shortName": "Patchstack"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry"
],
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/motopress-hotel-booking-lite/vulnerability/wordpress-hotel-booking-lite-plugin-5-2-3-remote-code-execution-rce-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"title": "WordPress Hotel Booking Lite plugin \u003c= 5.2.3 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
"assignerShortName": "Patchstack",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66078",
"datePublished": "2025-12-18T07:22:17.890Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-21T11:20:58.862Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-28T16:14:16.343Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-65108 (GCVE-0-2025-65108)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-21 21:52 – Updated: 2025-11-24 17:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
md-to-pdf is vulnerable to arbitrary JavaScript code execution when parsing front matter
Summary
md-to-pdf is a CLI tool for converting Markdown files to PDF using Node.js and headless Chrome. Prior to version 5.2.5, a Markdown front-matter block that contains JavaScript delimiter causes the JS engine in gray-matter library to execute arbitrary code in the Markdown to PDF converter process of md-to-pdf library, resulting in remote code execution. This issue has been patched in version 5.2.5.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| simonhaenisch | md-to-pdf |
Affected:
< 5.2.5
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-65108",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-11-24T17:17:00.852694Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-24T17:17:08.879Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "md-to-pdf",
"vendor": "simonhaenisch",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 5.2.5"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "md-to-pdf is a CLI tool for converting Markdown files to PDF using Node.js and headless Chrome. Prior to version 5.2.5, a Markdown front-matter block that contains JavaScript delimiter causes the JS engine in gray-matter library to execute arbitrary code in the Markdown to PDF converter process of md-to-pdf library, resulting in remote code execution. This issue has been patched in version 5.2.5."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 10,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-21T21:52:02.729Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/security/advisories/GHSA-547r-qmjm-8hvw",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/security/advisories/GHSA-547r-qmjm-8hvw"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/commit/46bdcf2051c8d1758b391c1353185a179a47a4d9",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/commit/46bdcf2051c8d1758b391c1353185a179a47a4d9"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-547r-qmjm-8hvw",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "md-to-pdf is vulnerable to arbitrary JavaScript code execution when parsing front matter"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-65108",
"datePublished": "2025-11-21T21:52:02.729Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-17T20:55:34.694Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-24T17:17:08.879Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-65099 (GCVE-0-2025-65099)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-19 17:35 – Updated: 2025-11-20 14:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Claude Code vulnerable to command execution prior to startup trust dialog
Summary
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to version 1.0.39, when running on a machine with Yarn 3.0 or above, Claude Code could have been tricked to execute code contained in a project via yarn plugins before the user accepted the startup trust dialog. Exploiting this would have required a user to start Claude Code in an untrusted directory and to be using Yarn 3.0 or above. This issue has been patched in version 1.0.39.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| anthropics | claude-code |
Affected:
< 1.0.39
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-65099",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-11-20T14:20:38.242298Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-20T14:20:44.499Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "claude-code",
"vendor": "anthropics",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.0.39"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to version 1.0.39, when running on a machine with Yarn 3.0 or above, Claude Code could have been tricked to execute code contained in a project via yarn plugins before the user accepted the startup trust dialog. Exploiting this would have required a user to start Claude Code in an untrusted directory and to be using Yarn 3.0 or above. This issue has been patched in version 1.0.39."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-19T17:35:17.349Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/security/advisories/GHSA-5hhx-v7f6-x7gv",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/security/advisories/GHSA-5hhx-v7f6-x7gv"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-5hhx-v7f6-x7gv",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Claude Code vulnerable to command execution prior to startup trust dialog"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-65099",
"datePublished": "2025-11-19T17:35:17.349Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-17T20:55:34.692Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-20T14:20:44.499Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-65037 (GCVE-0-2025-65037)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-18 22:02 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:19 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Azure Container Apps Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper control of generation of code ('code injection') in Azure Container Apps allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Azure Container Apps |
Affected:
-
|
Date Public
2025-12-18 08:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-65037",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-20T04:56:21.095429Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T16:07:26.165Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "Azure Container Apps",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "-"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:azure_container_apps:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionStartIncluding": "-",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-12-18T08:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en-US",
"value": "Improper control of generation of code (\u0027code injection\u0027) in Azure Container Apps allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 10,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en-US",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en-US",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-16T14:19:05.350Z",
"orgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8",
"shortName": "microsoft"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Azure Container Apps Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-65037"
}
],
"tags": [
"exclusively-hosted-service"
],
"title": "Azure Container Apps Remote Code Execution Vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8",
"assignerShortName": "microsoft",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-65037",
"datePublished": "2025-12-18T22:02:06.737Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-13T16:18:07.466Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-16T14:19:05.350Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Operation
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.