CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
CVE-2024-25998 (GCVE-0-2024-25998)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-12 08:11 – Updated: 2025-01-24 06:45
VLAI
Title
PHOENIX CONTACT: Command injection in the OCPP Service
Summary
An unauthenticated remote attacker can perform a command injection in the OCPP Service with limited privileges due to improper input validation.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CHARX SEC-3000 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.0
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CHARX SEC-3050 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.0
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CHARX SEC-3100 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.0
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CHARX SEC-3150 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.0
(semver)
|
|
| phoenixcontact | charx_sec_3000 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3000:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| phoenixcontact | charx_sec_3050 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3050:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| phoenixcontact | charx_sec_3100 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3100:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| phoenixcontact | charx_sec_3150 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3150:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-26204 (GCVE-0-2024-26204)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-12 16:58 – Updated: 2025-05-03 00:47
VLAI
Title
Outlook for Android Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Outlook for Android Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Outlook for Android |
Affected:
1.0 , < 4.2404.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2024-03-12 07:00
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CVE-2024-2642 (GCVE-0-2024-2642)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-19 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-19 17:12
VLAI
Title
Ruijie RG-NBS2009G-P EXCU_SHELL command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Ruijie RG-NBS2009G-P up to 20240305. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /EXCU_SHELL. The manipulation of the argument Command1 leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-257281 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
7.3 (High)
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Command Injection
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.257281 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257281 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://h0e4a0r1t.github.io/2024/vulns/Ruijie%20R… | exploit |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ruijie | RG-NBS2009G-P |
Affected:
20240305
|
|
| ruijie | rg-nbs2009g-p_firmware |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 20240305
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-nbs2009g-p_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-27972 (GCVE-0-2024-27972)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-03 11:51 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
Title
WordPress WP Fusion Lite plugin <= 3.41.24 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Summary
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Jack Arturo WP Fusion Lite wp-fusion-lite.This issue affects WP Fusion Lite: from n/a through <= 3.41.24.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/… | vdb-entry |
| https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-… | vdb-entryx_transferred |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jack Arturo | WP Fusion Lite |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.41.24
(custom)
|
|
| verygoodplugins | wp_fusion |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.41.24
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:verygoodplugins:wp_fusion:-:*:*:*:lite:wordpress:*:* |
Date Public
2026-04-28 13:51
Credits
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CVE-2024-28135 (GCVE-0-2024-28135)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-14 08:09 – Updated: 2025-01-24 06:35
VLAI
Title
PHOENIX CONTACT: command injection vulnerability in the API of the CHARX Series
Summary
A low privileged remote attacker can use a command injection vulnerability in the API which performs
remote code execution as the user-app user due to improper input validation. The confidentiality is partly affected.
Severity
5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CHARX SEC-3000 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CHARX SEC-3050 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CHARX SEC-3100 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CHARX SEC-3150 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(semver)
|
|
| phoenixcontact | charx_sec_3050 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3050:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| phoenixcontact | charx_sec_3100 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3100:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| phoenixcontact | charx_sec_3000 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3000:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| phoenixcontact | charx_sec_3150 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3150:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-28136 (GCVE-0-2024-28136)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-14 08:09 – Updated: 2025-01-24 06:33
VLAI
Title
PHOENIX CONTACT: command injection gains root privileges using the OCPP remote service
Summary
A local attacker with low privileges can use a command injection vulnerability to gain root
privileges due to improper input validation using the OCPP Remote service.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CHARX SEC-3000 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CHARX SEC-3050 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CHARX SEC-3100 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(semver)
|
|
| PHOENIX CONTACT | CHARX SEC-3150 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(semver)
|
|
| phoenixcontact | charx_sec_3000 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3000:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| phoenixcontact | charx_sec_3050 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3050:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| phoenixcontact | charx_sec_3100 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3100:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| phoenixcontact | charx_sec_3150 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:phoenixcontact:charx_sec_3150:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-2947 (GCVE-0-2024-2947)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-28 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-20 19:07
VLAI
Title
Cockpit: command injection when deleting a sosreport with a crafted name
Summary
A flaw was found in Cockpit. Deleting a sosreport with a crafted name via the Cockpit web interface can lead to a command injection vulnerability, resulting in privilege escalation. This issue affects Cockpit versions 270 and newer.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:3667 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:3843 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-2947 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2271614 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | x_transferred |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | x_transferred |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | x_transferred |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Affected:
270 , < *
(semver)
|
|||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:310.4-1.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:311.2-1.el9_4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
Date Public
2024-03-27 00:00
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CVE-2024-29737 (GCVE-0-2024-29737)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-17 08:21 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:47
VLAI
Title
Apache StreamPark (incubating): maven build params could trigger remote command execution
Summary
In streampark, the project module integrates Maven's compilation capabilities. The input parameter validation is not strict, allowing attackers to insert commands for remote command execution, The prerequisite for a successful attack is that the user needs to log in to the streampark system and have system-level permissions. Generally, only users of that system have the authorization to log in, and users would not manually input a dangerous operation command. Therefore, the risk level of this vulnerability is very low.
Mitigation:
all users should upgrade to 2.1.4
Background info:
Log in to Streampark using the default username (e.g. test1, test2, test3) and the default password (streampark). Navigate to the Project module, then add a new project. Enter the git repository address of the project and input `touch /tmp/success_2.1.2` as the "Build Argument". Note that there is no verification and interception of the special character "`". As a result, you will find that this injection command will be successfully executed after executing the build.
In the latest version, the special symbol ` is intercepted.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache StreamPark (incubating) |
Affected:
2.0.0 , < 2.1.4
(semver)
|
|
| apache | streampark |
Affected:
2.0.0 , < 2.1.4
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:apache:streampark:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-2982 (GCVE-0-2024-2982)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-27 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-12 15:41
VLAI
Title
Tenda FH1202 WriteFacMac formWriteFacMac command injection
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Tenda FH1202 1.2.0.14(408) and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function formWriteFacMac of the file /goform/WriteFacMac. The manipulation of the argument mac leads to command injection. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-258151. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Command Injection
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.258151 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.258151 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.301273 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blo… | exploit |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tenda | FH1202 |
Affected:
1.2.0.14(408)
|
|
| tenda | fh1202_firmware |
Affected:
1.2.0.14\(408\)
cpe:2.3:o:tenda:fh1202_firmware:1.2.0.14\(408\):*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH/FH1202/formWriteFacMac.md"
}
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},
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CVE-2024-29895 (GCVE-0-2024-29895)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-13 14:33 – Updated: 2024-08-02 01:17
VLAI
Title
Cacti command injection in cmd_realtime.php
Summary
Cacti provides an operational monitoring and fault management framework. A command injection vulnerability on the 1.3.x DEV branch allows any unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary command on the server when `register_argc_argv` option of PHP is `On`. In `cmd_realtime.php` line 119, the `$poller_id` used as part of the command execution is sourced from `$_SERVER['argv']`, which can be controlled by URL when `register_argc_argv` option of PHP is `On`. And this option is `On` by default in many environments such as the main PHP Docker image for PHP. Commit 53e8014d1f082034e0646edc6286cde3800c683d contains a patch for the issue, but this commit was reverted in commit 99633903cad0de5ace636249de16f77e57a3c8fc.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/53e8014d1f0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/99633903cad… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/blob/5017129985897… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:cacti:cacti:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "cacti",
"vendor": "cacti",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.3.0"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
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},
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}
}
],
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"dateUpdated": "2024-06-04T17:56:45.934Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
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"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T01:17:58.192Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
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"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/security/advisories/GHSA-cr28-x256-xf5m",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/security/advisories/GHSA-cr28-x256-xf5m"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/53e8014d1f082034e0646edc6286cde3800c683d",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/53e8014d1f082034e0646edc6286cde3800c683d"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/99633903cad0de5ace636249de16f77e57a3c8fc",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/99633903cad0de5ace636249de16f77e57a3c8fc"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/blob/501712998589763d411a68d35e3cda98fd9cfd18/cmd_realtime.php#L119",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/blob/501712998589763d411a68d35e3cda98fd9cfd18/cmd_realtime.php#L119"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "cacti",
"vendor": "Cacti",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "= 1.3.x DEV"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Cacti provides an operational monitoring and fault management framework. A command injection vulnerability on the 1.3.x DEV branch allows any unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary command on the server when `register_argc_argv` option of PHP is `On`. In `cmd_realtime.php` line 119, the `$poller_id` used as part of the command execution is sourced from `$_SERVER[\u0027argv\u0027]`, which can be controlled by URL when `register_argc_argv` option of PHP is `On`. And this option is `On` by default in many environments such as the main PHP Docker image for PHP. Commit 53e8014d1f082034e0646edc6286cde3800c683d contains a patch for the issue, but this commit was reverted in commit 99633903cad0de5ace636249de16f77e57a3c8fc."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 10,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
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{
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"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027)",
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"type": "CWE"
}
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"providerMetadata": {
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"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
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"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/security/advisories/GHSA-cr28-x256-xf5m",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
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},
{
"name": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/53e8014d1f082034e0646edc6286cde3800c683d",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
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"url": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/53e8014d1f082034e0646edc6286cde3800c683d"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/99633903cad0de5ace636249de16f77e57a3c8fc",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/99633903cad0de5ace636249de16f77e57a3c8fc"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/blob/501712998589763d411a68d35e3cda98fd9cfd18/cmd_realtime.php#L119",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/blob/501712998589763d411a68d35e3cda98fd9cfd18/cmd_realtime.php#L119"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-cr28-x256-xf5m",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Cacti command injection in cmd_realtime.php"
}
},
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"datePublished": "2024-05-13T14:33:27.594Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-03-21T15:12:08.998Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T01:17:58.192Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Phase: Operation
Description:
- Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Phase: System Configuration
Description:
- Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.