CWE-94
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
CVE-2025-9655 (GCVE-0-2025-9655)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-29 15:02 – Updated: 2025-08-29 15:29
VLAI
Title
O2OA Personal Profile person cross site scripting
Summary
A weakness has been identified in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This affects an unknown part of the file /x_organization_assemble_control/jaxrs/person/ of the component Personal Profile Page. Executing manipulation of the argument Description can lead to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.321863 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321863 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.637131 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/172 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/172#issuecomm… | issue-tracking |
Credits
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CVE-2025-9656 (GCVE-0-2025-9656)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-29 15:32 – Updated: 2025-08-29 16:01 X_Freeware
VLAI
Title
PHPGurukul Directory Management System add-directory.php cross site scripting
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in PHPGurukul Directory Management System 2.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/add-directory.php. The manipulation of the argument fullname leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.321864 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321864 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.637137 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/xiguala123/myCVE/issues/10 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://phpgurukul.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PHPGurukul | Directory Management System |
Affected:
2.0
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-9657 (GCVE-0-2025-9657)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-29 15:32 – Updated: 2025-08-29 16:01
VLAI
Title
O2OA Personal Profile script cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /x_program_center/jaxrs/script of the component Personal Profile Page. The manipulation of the argument name/alias/description results in cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.321865 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321865 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.637218 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/173 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/173#issuecomm… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/173#issue-333… | exploitissue-tracking |
Credits
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CVE-2025-9658 (GCVE-0-2025-9658)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-29 16:02 – Updated: 2025-08-29 17:00
VLAI
Title
O2OA Personal Profile dict cross site scripting
Summary
A flaw has been found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/dict/ of the component Personal Profile Page. This manipulation of the argument name/alias/description causes cross site scripting. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.321866 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321866 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.637221 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/174 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/174#issuecomm… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/174#issue-333… | exploitissue-tracking |
Credits
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CVE-2025-9659 (GCVE-0-2025-9659)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-29 16:02 – Updated: 2025-08-29 17:00
VLAI
Title
O2OA Personal Profile widget cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/widget of the component Personal Profile Page. Such manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.321867 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321867 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.637235 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/175 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/175#issuecomm… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/175#issue-333… | exploitissue-tracking |
Credits
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CVE-2025-9680 (GCVE-0-2025-9680)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-30 07:02 – Updated: 2025-09-02 15:19
VLAI
Title
O2OA Personal Profile page cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This impacts an unknown function of the file /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/page of the component Personal Profile Page. Performing manipulation results in cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.321892 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321892 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.637237 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/176 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/176#issuecomm… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/176#issue-333… | exploitissue-tracking |
Credits
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CVE-2025-9681 (GCVE-0-2025-9681)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-30 08:32 – Updated: 2025-09-02 15:19
VLAI
Title
O2OA Personal Profile agent cross site scripting
Summary
A flaw has been found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Affected is an unknown function of the file /x_program_center/jaxrs/agent of the component Personal Profile Page. Executing manipulation can lead to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.321893 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321893 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.637238 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.637239 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/177 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/177#issuecomm… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/178 | exploitissue-tracking |
Credits
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CVE-2025-9682 (GCVE-0-2025-9682)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-30 09:32 – Updated: 2025-09-02 15:19
VLAI
Title
O2OA Personal Profile appdict cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /x_cms_assemble_control/jaxrs/design/appdict of the component Personal Profile Page. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.321894 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321894 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.637240 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/179 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/179#issuecomm… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/179#issue-333… | exploitissue-tracking |
Credits
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CVE-2025-9683 (GCVE-0-2025-9683)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-30 10:02 – Updated: 2025-09-02 15:19
VLAI
Title
O2OA Personal Profile form cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability was found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /x_cms_assemble_control/jaxrs/form of the component Personal Profile Page. The manipulation results in cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.321895 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321895 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.637241 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/180 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/180#issuecomm… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/180#issue-333… | exploitissue-tracking |
Credits
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CVE-2025-9715 (GCVE-0-2025-9715)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-31 00:02 – Updated: 2025-09-02 15:16
VLAI
Title
O2OA Personal Profile script cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability was found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Affected is an unknown function of the file /x_cms_assemble_control/jaxrs/script of the component Personal Profile Page. The manipulation of the argument name/alias/description results in cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.322003 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.322003 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.637243 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/181 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/181#issuecomm… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/181#issue-333… | exploitissue-tracking |
Credits
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{
"lang": "de",
"value": "In O2OA bis 10.0-410 ist eine Schwachstelle entdeckt worden. Das betrifft eine unbekannte Funktionalit\u00e4t der Datei /x_cms_assemble_control/jaxrs/script der Komponente Personal Profile Page. Durch die Manipulation des Arguments name/alias/description mit unbekannten Daten kann eine cross site scripting-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Angriff kann \u00fcber das Netzwerk angegangen werden. Der Exploit ist \u00f6ffentlich verf\u00fcgbar und k\u00f6nnte genutzt werden."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 3.5,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 3.5,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:C",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 4,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:P/A:N/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:C",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "Cross Site Scripting",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "Code Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-31T00:02:06.377Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-322003 | O2OA Personal Profile script cross site scripting",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.322003"
},
{
"name": "VDB-322003 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.322003"
},
{
"name": "Submit #637243 | o2oa \u2264 10.0-410-g3d5e0d2 XSS",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.637243"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/181"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/181#issuecomment-3212879547"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit",
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/o2oa/o2oa/issues/181#issue-3332967944"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-08-30T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-08-30T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-08-30T13:10:34.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "O2OA Personal Profile script cross site scripting"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-9715",
"datePublished": "2025-08-31T00:02:06.377Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-08-30T11:05:08.766Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-02T15:16:39.730Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Refactoring
Description:
- Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Phase: Testing
Description:
- Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation ID: MIT-32
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Description:
- Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation ID: MIT-32
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.