Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2023-22621 (GCVE-0-2023-22621)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-19 00:00 – Updated: 2025-11-07 17:06

Summary

Strapi through 4.5.5 allows authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the server. A remote attacker with access to the Strapi admin panel can inject a crafted payload that executes code on the server into an email template that bypasses the validation checks that should prevent code execution.

Severity

10 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-02-05 16:46 UTC

CWE

n/a
CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')

Assigner

mitre CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard E 27/100 over 2306 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases
https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/
https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vul…

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2023-22621

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2023-04-19 16:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 05:35

Severity

7.2 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
cve@mitre.org	https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases	Release Notes
cve@mitre.org	https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve	Vendor Advisory
cve@mitre.org	https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/	Exploit, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases	Release Notes
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve	Vendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/	Exploit, Third Party Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	strapi	strapi	*

JSON

To clipboard

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        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 10.0,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 6.0,
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2023-22621",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-02-05T16:46:02.266609Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2023-04-19T16:15:07.213",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "cve@mitre.org",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases"
    },
    {
      "source": "cve@mitre.org",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve"
    },
    {
      "source": "cve@mitre.org",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-74"
        }
      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    },
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-74"
        }
      ],
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2H87-4Q2W-V4HF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-19 21:41 – Updated: 2023-05-01 18:34

Summary

Strapi plugins vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection and Remote Code Execution in the Users-Permissions Plugin

Details

Summary

Strapi through 4.5.5 allows authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the server.

Details

IoC

Using just the request log files, the only IoC to search for is a PUT request to URL path /users-permissions/email-templates. This IoC only indicates that a Strapi email template was modified on your server and by itself does not indicate if your Strapi server has been compromised. If this IoC is detected, you will need to manually review your email templates on your Strapi server and backups of your database to see if any of the templates contain a lodash template delimiter (eg. <%STUFF HERE%>) that contains suspicious JavaScript code. Generally speaking these templates should look like the following, you may have minor adjustments but any unrecognized code should be considered suspicious.

Reset Password Template:

<p>We heard that you lost your password. Sorry about that!</p>

<p>But don’t worry! You can use the following link to reset your password:</p>
<p><%= URL %>?code=<%= TOKEN %></p>

<p>Thanks.</p>

Email Confirmation Template:

<p>Thank you for registering!</p>

<p>You have to confirm your email address. Please click on the link below.</p>

<p><%= URL %>?confirmation=<%= CODE %></p>

<p>Thanks.</p>

Specifically you should look for odd code contained within the <%STUFF HERE%> blocks as this is what is used to bypass the lodash templating system. If you find any code that is not a variable name, or a variable name that is not defined in the template you are most likely impacted and should take immediate steps to confirm there are no malicious applications running on your servers.

Impact

All users on Strapi below 4.5.6 with access to the admin panel and the ability to modify the email templates

Severity

10.0 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@strapi/plugin-users-permissions"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.5.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@strapi/plugin-email"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.5.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-22621"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-74"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-19T21:41:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-19T16:15:07Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nStrapi through 4.5.5 allows authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the server.\n\n### Details\n\nStrapi through 4.5.5 allows authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the server. A remote attacker with access to the Strapi admin panel can inject a crafted payload that executes code on the server into an email template that bypasses the validation checks that should prevent code execution.\n\n### IoC\n\nUsing just the request log files, the only IoC to search for is a `PUT` request to URL path `/users-permissions/email-templates`. This IoC only indicates that a Strapi email template was modified on your server and by itself does not indicate if your Strapi server has been compromised. If this IoC is detected, you will need to manually review your email templates on your Strapi server and backups of your database to see if any of the templates contain a `lodash` template delimiter (eg. `\u003c%STUFF HERE%\u003e`) that contains suspicious JavaScript code. Generally speaking these templates should look like the following, you may have minor adjustments but any unrecognized code should be considered suspicious.\n\nReset Password Template:\n\n```html\n\u003cp\u003eWe heard that you lost your password. Sorry about that!\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut don\u2019t worry! You can use the following link to reset your password:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c%= URL %\u003e?code=\u003c%= TOKEN %\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks.\u003c/p\u003e\n```\n\nEmail Confirmation Template:\n\n```html\n\u003cp\u003eThank you for registering!\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eYou have to confirm your email address. Please click on the link below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c%= URL %\u003e?confirmation=\u003c%= CODE %\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThanks.\u003c/p\u003e\n```\n\nSpecifically you should look for odd code contained within the `\u003c%STUFF HERE%\u003e` blocks as this is what is used to bypass the lodash templating system. If you find any code that is not a variable name, or a variable name that is not defined in the template you are most likely impacted and should take immediate steps to confirm there are no malicious applications running on your servers.\n\n### Impact\n\nAll users on Strapi below 4.5.6 with access to the admin panel and the ability to modify the email templates\n",
  "id": "GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf",
  "modified": "2023-05-01T18:34:55Z",
  "published": "2023-04-19T21:41:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22621"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/15385"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/921d30961d6ba96cc098f2aea197350a49f990bd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v4.5.6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Strapi plugins vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection and Remote Code Execution in the Users-Permissions Plugin"
}

GSD-2023-22621

Vulnerability from gsd - Updated: 2023-12-13 01:20

Details

Aliases

CVE-2023-22621

Aliases

CVE-2023-22621

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "GSD": {
    "alias": "CVE-2023-22621",
    "id": "GSD-2023-22621"
  },
  "gsd": {
    "metadata": {
      "exploitCode": "unknown",
      "remediation": "unknown",
      "reportConfidence": "confirmed",
      "type": "vulnerability"
    },
    "osvSchema": {
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2023-22621"
      ],
      "details": "Strapi through 4.5.5 allows authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the server. A remote attacker with access to the Strapi admin panel can inject a crafted payload that executes code on the server into an email template that bypasses the validation checks that should prevent code execution.",
      "id": "GSD-2023-22621",
      "modified": "2023-12-13T01:20:43.231287Z",
      "schema_version": "1.4.0"
    }
  },
  "namespaces": {
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      "CVE_data_meta": {
        "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
        "ID": "CVE-2023-22621",
        "STATE": "PUBLIC"
      },
      "affects": {
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          "vendor_data": [
            {
              "product": {
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                    "product_name": "n/a",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "version_value": "n/a"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              },
              "vendor_name": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "data_format": "MITRE",
      "data_type": "CVE",
      "data_version": "4.0",
      "description": {
        "description_data": [
          {
            "lang": "eng",
            "value": "Strapi through 4.5.5 allows authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the server. A remote attacker with access to the Strapi admin panel can inject a crafted payload that executes code on the server into an email template that bypasses the validation checks that should prevent code execution."
          }
        ]
      },
      "problemtype": {
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          {
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                "lang": "eng",
                "value": "n/a"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "references": {
        "reference_data": [
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases",
            "refsource": "MISC",
            "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/",
            "refsource": "MISC",
            "url": "https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve",
            "refsource": "MISC",
            "url": "https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "gitlab.com": {
      "advisories": [
        {
          "affected_range": "\u003c4.5.6",
          "affected_versions": "All versions before 4.5.6",
          "cwe_ids": [
            "CWE-1035",
            "CWE-78",
            "CWE-937"
          ],
          "date": "2023-04-19",
          "description": "Strapi through 4.5.5 allows authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the server. A remote attacker with access to the Strapi admin panel can inject a crafted payload that executes code on the server into an email template that bypasses the validation checks that should prevent code execution.",
          "fixed_versions": [
            "4.5.6"
          ],
          "identifier": "CVE-2023-22621",
          "identifiers": [
            "GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf",
            "CVE-2023-22621"
          ],
          "not_impacted": "All versions starting from 4.5.6",
          "package_slug": "npm/@strapi/plugin-email",
          "pubdate": "2023-04-19",
          "solution": "Upgrade to version 4.5.6 or above.",
          "title": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
          "urls": [
            "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf",
            "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22621",
            "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/15385",
            "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/921d30961d6ba96cc098f2aea197350a49f990bd",
            "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases",
            "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v4.5.6",
            "https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve",
            "https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/",
            "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf"
          ],
          "uuid": "a0ea3610-2f0b-4a46-97d7-0e3a92f5457a"
        },
        {
          "affected_range": "\u003c4.5.6",
          "affected_versions": "All versions before 4.5.6",
          "cwe_ids": [
            "CWE-1035",
            "CWE-78",
            "CWE-937"
          ],
          "date": "2023-04-19",
          "description": "Strapi through 4.5.5 allows authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the server. A remote attacker with access to the Strapi admin panel can inject a crafted payload that executes code on the server into an email template that bypasses the validation checks that should prevent code execution.",
          "fixed_versions": [
            "4.5.6"
          ],
          "identifier": "CVE-2023-22621",
          "identifiers": [
            "GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf",
            "CVE-2023-22621"
          ],
          "not_impacted": "All versions starting from 4.5.6",
          "package_slug": "npm/@strapi/plugin-users-permissions",
          "pubdate": "2023-04-19",
          "solution": "Upgrade to version 4.5.6 or above.",
          "title": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
          "urls": [
            "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf",
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            "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/pull/15385",
            "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/921d30961d6ba96cc098f2aea197350a49f990bd",
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            "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases/tag/v4.5.6",
            "https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve",
            "https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/",
            "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2h87-4q2w-v4hf"
          ],
          "uuid": "d32058d3-9437-4722-8e45-0cd1ac428972"
        },
        {
          "affected_range": "\u003e=3.0.0 \u003c4.5.6",
          "affected_versions": "All versions starting from 3.0.0 before 4.5.6",
          "cvss_v3": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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            "CWE-1035",
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            "CWE-937"
          ],
          "date": "2023-05-01",
          "description": "Strapi through 4.5.5 allows authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the server. A remote attacker with access to the Strapi admin panel can inject a crafted payload that executes code on the server into an email template that bypasses the validation checks that should prevent code execution.",
          "fixed_versions": [],
          "identifier": "CVE-2023-22621",
          "identifiers": [
            "CVE-2023-22621"
          ],
          "not_impacted": "",
          "package_slug": "npm/strapi",
          "pubdate": "2023-04-19",
          "solution": "Unfortunately, there is no solution available yet.",
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          "urls": [
            "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22621",
            "https://www.ghostccamm.com/blog/multi_strapi_vulns/",
            "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/releases",
            "https://strapi.io/blog/security-disclosure-of-vulnerabilities-cve"
          ],
          "uuid": "6018ab40-450c-4611-92e2-a6246b6d030d"
        }
      ]
    },
    "nvd.nist.gov": {
      "configurations": {
        "CVE_data_version": "4.0",
        "nodes": [
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:strapi:strapi:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.6",
                "versionStartIncluding": "3.0.0",
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "operator": "OR"
          }
        ]
      },
      "cve": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
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        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
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            }
          ]
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          ]
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      },
      "impact": {
        "baseMetricV3": {
          "cvssV3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.2,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "exploitabilityScore": 1.2,
          "impactScore": 5.9
        }
      },
      "lastModifiedDate": "2023-05-01T18:09Z",
      "publishedDate": "2023-04-19T16:15Z"
    }
  }
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2023-22621 (GCVE-0-2023-22621)

FKIE_CVE-2023-22621

GHSA-2H87-4Q2W-V4HF

Summary

Details

IoC

Impact

GSD-2023-22621

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Vulnerability timeline

Related by attack behaviour