CVE-2025-1131 (GCVE-0-2025-1131)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-23 04:31 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Asterisk Unsafe Shell Sourcing in safe_asterisk Leads to Local Privilege Escalation
Summary
A local privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the safe_asterisk script included with the Asterisk toolkit package. When Asterisk is started via this script (common in SysV init or FreePBX environments), it sources all .sh files located in /etc/asterisk/startup.d/ as root, without validating ownership or permissions.
Non-root users with legitimate write access to /etc/asterisk can exploit this behaviour by placing malicious scripts in the startup.d directory, which will then execute with root privileges upon service restart.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-24 03:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-427 - Uncontrolled Search Path Element
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-08-01 05:23
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"title": "asterisk: Asterisk Unsafe Shell Sourcing Leads to Local Privilege Escalation",
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"containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00006.html\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-03T17:31:42.189Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-1131\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"poc\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-09-24T03:55:15.207908Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-09-23T19:11:08.602Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Asterisk Unsafe Shell Sourcing in safe_asterisk Leads to Local Privilege Escalation\", \"source\": {\"discovery\": \"EXTERNAL\"}, \"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"finder\", \"value\": \"Abdul Mhanni\"}], \"impacts\": [{\"capecId\": \"CAPEC-233\", \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"CAPEC-233 Privilege Escalation\"}]}], \"metrics\": [{\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV4_0\": {\"Safety\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"version\": \"4.0\", \"Recovery\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"baseScore\": 7, \"Automatable\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"attackVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"valueDensity\": \"CONCENTRATED\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/V:C/RE:H/U:Amber\", \"providerUrgency\": \"AMBER\", \"userInteraction\": \"PASSIVE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"attackRequirements\": \"PRESENT\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"LOW\", \"subIntegrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"vulnIntegrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subAvailabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnAvailabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subConfidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"vulnConfidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\": \"HIGH\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"GENERAL\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://github.com/asterisk/asterisk\", \"vendor\": \"Asterisk\", \"modules\": [\"safe_asterisk /etc/asterisk/startup.d\"], \"product\": \"Asterisk\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"Asterisk \u003c=18.26.2\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"Asterisk \u003c= 20.15.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"Asterisk \u003c= 21.10.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"Asterisk \u003c= 22.5.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"platforms\": [\"Linux\", \"MacOS\"], \"programFiles\": [\"safe_asterisk\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"datePublic\": \"2025-08-01T05:23:00.000Z\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/asterisk/asterisk/security/advisories/GHSA-v9q8-9j8m-5xwp\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"Vulnogram 0.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"A local privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the safe_asterisk script included with the Asterisk toolkit package. When Asterisk is started via this script (common in SysV init or FreePBX environments), it sources all .sh files located in /etc/asterisk/startup.d/ as root, without validating ownership or permissions.\\n\\n\\nNon-root users with legitimate write access to /etc/asterisk can exploit this behaviour by placing malicious scripts in the startup.d directory, which will then execute with root privileges upon service restart.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"\u003cp\u003eA local privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the \u003ccode\u003esafe_asterisk\u003c/code\u003e script included with the Asterisk toolkit package. When Asterisk is started via this script (common in SysV init or FreePBX environments), it sources all \u003ccode\u003e.sh\u003c/code\u003e files located in \u003ccode\u003e/etc/asterisk/startup.d/\u003c/code\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eas root\u003c/strong\u003e, without validating ownership or permissions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eNon-root users with legitimate write access to \u003ccode\u003e/etc/asterisk\u003c/code\u003e can exploit this behaviour by placing malicious scripts in the \u003ccode\u003estartup.d\u003c/code\u003e directory, which will then execute with root privileges upon service restart.\u003c/p\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-427\", \"description\": \"CWE-427 Uncontrolled Search Path Element\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"b7efe717-a805-47cf-8e9a-921fca0ce0ce\", \"shortName\": \"Gridware\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-09-23T04:31:02.784Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-1131\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-02-26T17:48:19.381Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-02-08T04:11:43.201Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"b7efe717-a805-47cf-8e9a-921fca0ce0ce\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-09-23T04:31:02.784Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Gridware\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
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}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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