CVE-2025-32433 (GCVE-0-2025-32433)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 21:34 – Updated: 2026-02-26 18:28
VLAI CISA Previdian
Title
Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCE
Summary
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: active Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-20 03:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7763 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
erlang otp Affected: >= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3
Affected: >= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11
Affected: < OTP-25.3.2.20
guessed Create a notification for this product.
CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 3868ea61-9561-4d41-a734-6b44996356f2

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2025-32433

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2025-06-09 00:00 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-06-09
Asserted: 2025-06-09
Scope
Notes: Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability | Affected: Erlang / Erlang/OTP | Description: Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH server contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials, potentially leading to unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in how SSH protocol messages are handled, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems. This vulnerability could affect various products that implement Erlang/OTP SSH server, including—but not limited to—Cisco, NetApp, and SUSE. | Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. | Due date: 2025-06-30 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): This vulnerability affects a common open-source project, third-party library, or a protocol used by different products. For more information, please see: https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2 ; https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32433
Evidence

Type: Vendor Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 80%

Source: cisa-kev

Details
Cwes CWE-306
Feed CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog
Product Erlang/OTP
Due Date 2025-06-30
Date Added 2025-06-09
Vendorproject Erlang
Vulnerabilityname Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability
Knownransomwarecampaignuse Unknown
References
Created: 2026-02-02 12:25 UTC | Updated: 2026-11-04 13:37 UTC
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: bcd9ae26-7310-403b-a3a9-e5807eb2b26b

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2025-32433

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2026-06-01 10:32 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2026-06-01
Asserted: 2026-06-01
Scope
Notes: KEVIntel entry: Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCE | Affected: erlang / otp | CVSS: 10.0 (CRITICAL) | EPSS: 0.97673 | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: False
Evidence

Type: Public Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 70%

Source: kevintel

Details
Feed KEVIntel (kevintel.com)
Title Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCE
Vendor erlang
Product otp
Added Date 2026-06-01T10:32:20.432Z
Cvss Score 10.0
Epss Score 0.97673
Cvss Severity CRITICAL
Epss Percentile 0.99896
Used In Malware unknown
Ahead Of Cisa Kev 
{
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  "unit": "day"
}
Not Yet In Cisa Kev False
References
Created: 2026-06-23 14:03 UTC | Updated: 2026-07-10 06:14 UTC
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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              "name": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCE"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-32433",
        "datePublished": "2025-04-16T21:34:37.457Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-04-08T10:54:58.368Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T18:28:12.084Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

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    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.