CVE-2025-8916 (GCVE-0-2025-8916)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-13 09:31 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:02
VLAI
Title
Possible DOS in processing large name constraint structures in PKIXCertPathReveiwer
Summary
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC Java bcpkix on All (API modules), Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC Java bcprov on All (API modules), Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BCPKIX FIPS bcpkix-fips on All (API modules) allows Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files https://github.Com/bcgit/bc-java/blob/main/pkix/src/main/java/org/bouncycastle/pkix/jcajce/PKIXCertPathReviewer.Java, https://github.Com/bcgit/bc-java/blob/main/prov/src/main/java/org/bouncycastle/x509/PKIXCertPathReviewer.Java. This issue affects BC Java: from 1.44 through 1.78; BC Java: from 1.44 through 1.78; BCPKIX FIPS: from 1.0.0 through 1.0.7, from 2.0.0 through 2.0.7.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/S:P/R:U/RE:M/U:Amber
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-13 13:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
bcorg CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 73 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC Java Affected: 1.44 , ≤ 1.78 (maven)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BCPKIX FIPS Affected: 1.0.0 , ≤ 1.0.7 (maven)
Affected: 2.0.0 , ≤ 2.0.7 (maven)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC CN 4100 Affected: 0 , < V5.0 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Bing Shi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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                "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/blob/main/pkix/src/main/java/org/bouncycastle/pkix/jcajce/PKIXCertPathReviewer.java"
              ],
              "repo": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java",
              "vendor": "Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "1.78",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "1.44",
                  "versionType": "maven"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/bouncycastle",
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "modules": [
                "API"
              ],
              "packageName": "bcprov",
              "platforms": [
                "All"
              ],
              "product": "BC Java",
              "programFiles": [
                "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/blob/main/prov/src/main/java/org/bouncycastle/x509/PKIXCertPathReviewer.java"
              ],
              "repo": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java",
              "vendor": "Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "1.78",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "1.44",
                  "versionType": "maven"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/bouncycastle",
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "modules": [
                "API"
              ],
              "packageName": "bcpkix-fips",
              "platforms": [
                "All"
              ],
              "product": "BCPKIX FIPS",
              "vendor": "Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "1.0.7",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "1.0.0",
                  "versionType": "maven"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "2.0.7",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "2.0.0",
                  "versionType": "maven"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "configurations": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "For an attack to take place the PKIXCertPathReviewer class must be in use by the application under attack and the class must be consuming certificate paths of unknown origin without any form of other validation."
                }
              ],
              "value": "For an attack to take place the PKIXCertPathReviewer class must be in use by the application under attack and the class must be consuming certificate paths of unknown origin without any form of other validation."
            }
          ],
          "credits": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "finder",
              "value": "Bing Shi"
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC Java bcpkix on All (API modules), Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC Java bcprov on All (API modules), Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BCPKIX FIPS bcpkix-fips on All (API modules) allows Excessive Allocation.\u003cp\u003e This vulnerability is associated with program files \u003ctt\u003ehttps://github.Com/bcgit/bc-java/blob/main/pkix/src/main/java/org/bouncycastle/pkix/jcajce/PKIXCertPathReviewer.Java\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003ehttps://github.Com/bcgit/bc-java/blob/main/prov/src/main/java/org/bouncycastle/x509/PKIXCertPathReviewer.Java\u003c/tt\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects BC Java: from 1.44 through 1.78; BC Java: from 1.44 through 1.78; BCPKIX FIPS: from 1.0.0 through 1.0.7, from 2.0.0 through 2.0.7.\u003c/p\u003e"
                }
              ],
              "value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC Java bcpkix on All (API modules), Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC Java bcprov on All (API modules), Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BCPKIX FIPS bcpkix-fips on All (API modules) allows Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files https://github.Com/bcgit/bc-java/blob/main/pkix/src/main/java/org/bouncycastle/pkix/jcajce/PKIXCertPathReviewer.Java, https://github.Com/bcgit/bc-java/blob/main/prov/src/main/java/org/bouncycastle/x509/PKIXCertPathReviewer.Java.\n\nThis issue affects BC Java: from 1.44 through 1.78; BC Java: from 1.44 through 1.78; BCPKIX FIPS: from 1.0.0 through 1.0.7, from 2.0.0 through 2.0.7."
            }
          ],
          "impacts": [
            {
              "capecId": "CAPEC-130",
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV4_0": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "USER",
                "Safety": "PRESENT",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "baseScore": 6.3,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "providerUrgency": "AMBER",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/S:P/R:U/RE:M/U:Amber",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "MODERATE"
              },
              "format": "CVSS",
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "GENERAL"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-770",
                  "description": "CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2025-09-12T11:17:08.609Z",
            "orgId": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
            "shortName": "bcorg"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/wiki/CVE%E2%80%902025%E2%80%908916"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
          },
          "title": "Possible DOS in processing large name constraint structures in PKIXCertPathReveiwer",
          "workarounds": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "Limiting the size of ASN.1 objects that can be loaded from \"the wild\" will mitigate the risk of an exploit by automatically putting a cap on the maximum size of a Name Constraints structure."
                }
              ],
              "value": "Limiting the size of ASN.1 objects that can be loaded from \"the wild\" will mitigate the risk of an exploit by automatically putting a cap on the maximum size of a Name Constraints structure."
            }
          ],
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630",
        "assignerShortName": "bcorg",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-8916",
        "datePublished": "2025-08-13T09:31:21.181Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-08-13T08:52:38.480Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-09-12T11:17:08.609Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


Workarounds

CNA · bcorg
Limiting the size of ASN.1 objects that can be loaded from "the wild" will mitigate the risk of an exploit by automatically putting a cap on the maximum size of a Name Constraints structure.

Configurations

CNA · bcorg
For an attack to take place the PKIXCertPathReviewer class must be in use by the application under attack and the class must be consuming certificate paths of unknown origin without any form of other validation.

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Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

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How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

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