Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-44328 (GCVE-0-2026-44328)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 15:39 – Updated: 2026-05-27 17:42

Title

free5GC: SMF UPI DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref} panics on AN-node deletion via nil UPF dereference; unauthenticated, state-mutating

Summary

free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware. On top of that, the DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{upNodeRef} handler unconditionally dereferences upNode.UPF after the type-guarded async release, even though AN-typed nodes are constructed without a UPF object. As a result, a single unauthenticated DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1 request crashes the handler with a nil-pointer panic AND mutates the in-memory user-plane topology before panicking (the UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef) line runs first). This is an unauthenticated, state-mutating panic-DoS sink that an off-path network attacker can trigger by name against any AN entry. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.

Severity

8.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-27 17:41 UTC

CWE

CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
CWE-476 - NULL Pointer Dereference
CWE-862 - Missing Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/b57bc48081c…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
free5gc	free5gc	Affected: < 4.2.2	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-44328

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-27 17:16 - Updated: 2026-06-17 10:50

Severity

8.2 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905	Exploit, Issue Tracking
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr	Exploit, Vendor Advisory
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/b57bc48081c3d3a2f333d02eb78e4fd31a120deb	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199	Issue Tracking, Patch
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905	Exploit, Issue Tracking
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr	Exploit, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	free5gc	free5gc	*

JSON

To clipboard

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  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:50:30.707",
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    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.2,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "LOW",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 4.2,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-44328",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-05-27T17:41:28.346248Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-05-27T17:16:38.347",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Issue Tracking"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/b57bc48081c3d3a2f333d02eb78e4fd31a120deb"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking",
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Issue Tracking"
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      "url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-306"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-476"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-862"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P9MG-74MG-CWWR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-08 23:01 – Updated: 2026-06-08 23:48

Summary

free5GC's SMF UPI DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref} panics on AN-node deletion via nil UPF dereference; unauthenticated, state-mutating

Details

Summary

free5GC's SMF mounts the UPI management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware (same root cause as the broader UPI auth gap reported in free5gc/free5gc#887). On top of that, the DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{upNodeRef} handler unconditionally dereferences upNode.UPF after the type-guarded async release, even though AN-typed nodes are constructed without a UPF object. As a result, a single unauthenticated DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1 request crashes the handler with a nil-pointer panic AND mutates the in-memory user-plane topology before panicking (the UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef) line runs first). This is an unauthenticated, state-mutating panic-DoS sink that an off-path network attacker can trigger by name against any AN entry.

Details

Validated against the SMF container in the official Docker compose lab. - Source repo tag: v4.2.1 - Running Docker image: free5gc/smf:v4.2.1 - Runtime SMF commit: 8385c00a - Docker validation date: 2026-03-22 local (container log timestamp 2026-03-21T23:43:17Z) - SMF endpoint: http://10.100.200.6:8000

Control comparison on the same SMF instance: - GET /nsmf-oam/v1/ (no token) -> 401 Unauthorized - DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1 (no token) -> 500 Internal Server Error (panic)

The sibling nsmf-oam returning 401 proves OAuth middleware IS wired in for other SMF route groups; the UPI group specifically is mounted without it.

Vulnerable handler logic (paths in free5gc/smf):

// NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:94..99
if upNode.Type == smf_context.UPNODE_UPF {
    go s.Processor().ReleaseAllResourcesOfUPF(upNode.UPF)
}
upi.UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef)
upNode.UPF.CancelAssociation()   // <-- panics for AN-typed nodes; nil UPF

The Type == UPNODE_UPF guard only protects the asynchronous ReleaseAllResourcesOfUPF call. After that, UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef) runs unconditionally (so the topology mutation lands first), and then upNode.UPF.CancelAssociation() is called unconditionally on a *UPF that is nil for AN nodes by construction.

Code evidence: - UPI group mounted WITHOUT auth middleware: - NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:76 - NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:78 - Protected control comparison (other SMF groups DO use auth): - NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:99 - NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:105 - Delete handler (panic site): - NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:94 - NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:99 - AN nodes are constructed without a UPF object (root cause of the nil deref): - NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:95 - NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:97

PoC

Reproduced end-to-end against the running SMF at http://10.100.200.6:8000.

Control: protected sibling OAM route returns 401:

curl -i http://10.100.200.6:8000/nsmf-oam/v1/

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized

Trigger: unauthenticated DELETE on the default AN node gNB1:

curl -i -X DELETE http://10.100.200.6:8000/upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1

HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error

SMF container logs (docker logs --tail 120 smf) show topology mutation landing BEFORE the panic, and the panic stack pointing at api_upi.go:99:

[INFO][SMF][Init] UPNode [gNB1] found. Deleting it.
[INFO][SMF][Init] Delete UPLink [UPF] <=> [gNB1].
[ERRO][SMF][GIN] panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference
github.com/free5gc/smf/internal/sbi.(*Server).DeleteUpNodeLink
    /go/src/free5gc/NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:99 +0x298
[INFO][SMF][GIN] | 500 | DELETE | /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1

The lab state was manually restored after validation by re-creating the AN entry; that POST is restoration-only and is NOT a mitigation.

Impact

Three compounding defects on the same SMF SBI surface: 1. Missing inbound authentication (CWE-306) and authorization (CWE-862) on the UPI route group, so the trigger is reachable to any off-path network attacker who can reach SMF on the SBI -- no token, no session, no UE state needed. The same-instance nsmf-oam returning 401 proves the middleware is wired in elsewhere and only missing on UPI. 2. NULL pointer dereference (CWE-476) in DeleteUpNodeLink: the Type == UPNODE_UPF guard only covers the async release call, then upNode.UPF.CancelAssociation() runs unconditionally on AN-typed nodes that have a nil UPF field by construction. 3. Order of operations (CWE-755 / CWE-754): UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef) mutates the in-memory user-plane topology BEFORE the dereference panics, so the topology change lands even though the request returns 500. This makes the bug state-mutating, not just a plain panic.

Any party that can reach SMF on the SBI can: - Delete arbitrary named entries (e.g. gNB1) from SMF's in-memory user-plane topology anonymously via a single DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref} request, denying SMF's ability to consider that AN/UPF in subsequent UPF selection / PFCP path establishment for legitimate UE sessions. - Trigger a panic on the SMF goroutine for the deleted-AN case, even though Gin recovers the goroutine, leaving the topology in the mutated state above. - Repeat the trigger by name against any AN entry, sustaining the topology denial without ever authenticating.

This is a strict superset of the impact in free5gc/free5gc#887 for this specific code path: same auth bypass, plus a concrete request-triggerable nil deref, plus state mutation that survives the panic.

Affected: free5gc v4.2.1.

Upstream issue: https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905 Upstream fix: https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199

Severity

8.2 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

Show details on source website

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/free5gc/smf"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44328"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306",
      "CWE-476",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-08T23:01:56Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-27T17:16:38Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nfree5GC\u0027s SMF mounts the `UPI` management route group without inbound OAuth2 middleware (same root cause as the broader UPI auth gap reported in free5gc/free5gc#887). On top of that, the `DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{upNodeRef}` handler unconditionally dereferences `upNode.UPF` after the type-guarded async release, even though `AN`-typed nodes are constructed without a `UPF` object. As a result, a single unauthenticated `DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1` request crashes the handler with a nil-pointer panic AND mutates the in-memory user-plane topology before panicking (the `UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef)` line runs first). This is an unauthenticated, state-mutating panic-DoS sink that an off-path network attacker can trigger by name against any AN entry.\n\n### Details\nValidated against the SMF container in the official Docker compose lab.\n- Source repo tag: `v4.2.1`\n- Running Docker image: `free5gc/smf:v4.2.1`\n- Runtime SMF commit: `8385c00a`\n- Docker validation date: 2026-03-22 local (container log timestamp `2026-03-21T23:43:17Z`)\n- SMF endpoint: `http://10.100.200.6:8000`\n\nControl comparison on the same SMF instance:\n- `GET /nsmf-oam/v1/` (no token) -\u003e `401 Unauthorized`\n- `DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1` (no token) -\u003e `500 Internal Server Error` (panic)\n\nThe sibling `nsmf-oam` returning `401` proves OAuth middleware IS wired in for other SMF route groups; the UPI group specifically is mounted without it.\n\nVulnerable handler logic (paths in `free5gc/smf`):\n```go\n// NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:94..99\nif upNode.Type == smf_context.UPNODE_UPF {\n    go s.Processor().ReleaseAllResourcesOfUPF(upNode.UPF)\n}\nupi.UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef)\nupNode.UPF.CancelAssociation()   // \u003c-- panics for AN-typed nodes; nil UPF\n```\n\nThe `Type == UPNODE_UPF` guard only protects the asynchronous `ReleaseAllResourcesOfUPF` call. After that, `UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef)` runs unconditionally (so the topology mutation lands first), and then `upNode.UPF.CancelAssociation()` is called unconditionally on a `*UPF` that is `nil` for `AN` nodes by construction.\n\nCode evidence:\n- UPI group mounted WITHOUT auth middleware:\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:76`\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:78`\n- Protected control comparison (other SMF groups DO use auth):\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:99`\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/server.go:105`\n- Delete handler (panic site):\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:94`\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:99`\n- AN nodes are constructed without a UPF object (root cause of the nil deref):\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:95`\n  - `NFs/smf/internal/context/user_plane_information.go:97`\n\n### PoC\nReproduced end-to-end against the running SMF at `http://10.100.200.6:8000`.\n\n1. Control: protected sibling OAM route returns `401`:\n```\ncurl -i http://10.100.200.6:8000/nsmf-oam/v1/\n```\n```\nHTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized\n```\n\n2. Trigger: unauthenticated DELETE on the default AN node `gNB1`:\n```\ncurl -i -X DELETE http://10.100.200.6:8000/upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1\n```\n```\nHTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error\n```\n\n3. SMF container logs (`docker logs --tail 120 smf`) show topology mutation landing BEFORE the panic, and the panic stack pointing at `api_upi.go:99`:\n```\n[INFO][SMF][Init] UPNode [gNB1] found. Deleting it.\n[INFO][SMF][Init] Delete UPLink [UPF] \u003c=\u003e [gNB1].\n[ERRO][SMF][GIN] panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference\ngithub.com/free5gc/smf/internal/sbi.(*Server).DeleteUpNodeLink\n    /go/src/free5gc/NFs/smf/internal/sbi/api_upi.go:99 +0x298\n[INFO][SMF][GIN] | 500 | DELETE | /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/gNB1\n```\n\nThe lab state was manually restored after validation by re-creating the AN entry; that POST is restoration-only and is NOT a mitigation.\n\n### Impact\nThree compounding defects on the same SMF SBI surface:\n1. Missing inbound authentication (CWE-306) and authorization (CWE-862) on the `UPI` route group, so the trigger is reachable to any off-path network attacker who can reach SMF on the SBI -- no token, no session, no UE state needed. The same-instance `nsmf-oam` returning `401` proves the middleware is wired in elsewhere and only missing on UPI.\n2. NULL pointer dereference (CWE-476) in `DeleteUpNodeLink`: the `Type == UPNODE_UPF` guard only covers the async release call, then `upNode.UPF.CancelAssociation()` runs unconditionally on AN-typed nodes that have a nil `UPF` field by construction.\n3. Order of operations (CWE-755 / CWE-754): `UpNodeDelete(upNodeRef)` mutates the in-memory user-plane topology BEFORE the dereference panics, so the topology change lands even though the request returns 500. This makes the bug state-mutating, not just a plain panic.\n\nAny party that can reach SMF on the SBI can:\n- Delete arbitrary named entries (e.g. `gNB1`) from SMF\u0027s in-memory user-plane topology anonymously via a single `DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref}` request, denying SMF\u0027s ability to consider that AN/UPF in subsequent UPF selection / PFCP path establishment for legitimate UE sessions.\n- Trigger a panic on the SMF goroutine for the deleted-AN case, even though Gin recovers the goroutine, leaving the topology in the mutated state above.\n- Repeat the trigger by name against any AN entry, sustaining the topology denial without ever authenticating.\n\nThis is a strict superset of the impact in free5gc/free5gc#887 for this specific code path: same auth bypass, plus a concrete request-triggerable nil deref, plus state mutation that survives the panic.\n\nAffected: free5gc v4.2.1.\n\nUpstream issue: https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905\nUpstream fix: https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199",
  "id": "GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T23:48:26Z",
  "published": "2026-05-08T23:01:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-p9mg-74mg-cwwr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44328"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/905"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/free5gc/smf/pull/199"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/free5gc/smf/commit/b57bc48081c3d3a2f333d02eb78e4fd31a120deb"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "free5GC\u0027s SMF UPI DELETE /upi/v1/upNodesLinks/{ref} panics on AN-node deletion via nil UPF dereference; unauthenticated, state-mutating"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

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Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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CVE-2026-44328 (GCVE-0-2026-44328)

FKIE_CVE-2026-44328

GHSA-P9MG-74MG-CWWR

Summary

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