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CVE-2026-74628 (GCVE-0-2026-74628)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-22 15:32 – Updated: 2026-08-27 12:39
VLAI
Title
net/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers The x25 timers are armed with mod_timer() and cancelled with timer_delete(), so a pending timer holds no reference on the socket and a cancel does not wait for a callback already running on another CPU. x25_heartbeat_expiry() also rearms unconditionally, so it can reinstall sk->sk_timer after __x25_destroy_socket() has passed its cancel point. The following __sock_put() frees the socket while the timer is still queued, and the next expiry uses freed memory. KASAN reports a slab-use-after-free on the kmalloc-2k object freed by close(). timer_delete_sync() cannot be used here: x25_heartbeat_expiry() and x25_timer_expiry() both reach the cancels from inside the timer they would wait on, through __x25_destroy_socket() and x25_disconnect(). Arm the timers with sk_reset_timer() and cancel them with sk_stop_timer() so that an armed timer owns a reference, and release it in both expiry handlers. Rearm the heartbeat only while sk_hashed(sk) is still true, since __x25_destroy_socket() unlinks the socket before dropping it. Arm the deferred destroy timer the same way and drop its reference in x25_destroy_timer(). Reproduced on net with KASAN, with the heartbeat period shortened so the window recurs. With this patch the reproducer no longer triggers a report and /proc/net/x25 drains. Discovered by XBOW, triaged by Baul Lee <baul.lee@xbow.com>
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < ba925a2e98ce967a0e71c5bcbcf5dbd3facaf0c8 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 6b79659590f0f82a9b8efd2ffd55ec6399ebfc33 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < fdd9ac50b9b61ef2b2d52c5156aff788be91454d (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 1fc9f6d2c7c9fdb341bfe8ca449c990632299ea6 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 3c4919be5d910db4beebca420953858606fba7d8 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 4bc522b33438fefc3272840ae5988771863a4f1f (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < e92c7e2b41d1528a830bc64c5e4e46dfa8133dda (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 2195424c3da2ef1829a63b807e3a900a90e57d85 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.12 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.267 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.217 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.184 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.153 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.105 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.45 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.1.9 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers\n\nThe x25 timers are armed with mod_timer() and cancelled with\ntimer_delete(), so a pending timer holds no reference on the socket and a\ncancel does not wait for a callback already running on another CPU.\n\nx25_heartbeat_expiry() also rearms unconditionally, so it can reinstall\nsk-\u003esk_timer after __x25_destroy_socket() has passed its cancel point.\nThe following __sock_put() frees the socket while the timer is still\nqueued, and the next expiry uses freed memory.  KASAN reports a\nslab-use-after-free on the kmalloc-2k object freed by close().\n\ntimer_delete_sync() cannot be used here: x25_heartbeat_expiry() and\nx25_timer_expiry() both reach the cancels from inside the timer they\nwould wait on, through __x25_destroy_socket() and x25_disconnect().\n\nArm the timers with sk_reset_timer() and cancel them with sk_stop_timer()\nso that an armed timer owns a reference, and release it in both expiry\nhandlers.  Rearm the heartbeat only while sk_hashed(sk) is still true,\nsince __x25_destroy_socket() unlinks the socket before dropping it.  Arm\nthe deferred destroy timer the same way and drop its reference in\nx25_destroy_timer().\n\nReproduced on net with KASAN, with the heartbeat period shortened so the\nwindow recurs.  With this patch the reproducer no longer triggers a\nreport and /proc/net/x25 drains.\n\nDiscovered by XBOW, triaged by Baul Lee \u003cbaul.lee@xbow.com\u003e"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
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          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - Remote X.25 frames reach x25_lapb_receive_frame() on init_net gateways, where unauthenticated CALL_REQUEST/CLEAR handling arms heartbeat timers and drives server socket teardown through __x25_destroy_socket() during close.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race by opening/closing sockets or sending concurrent connect/clear traffic, repeatedly forcing __x25_destroy_socket() against sk_timer callbacks that re-arm via mod_timer().\nPR:N - X.25 call setup and clearing are unauthenticated on the wire; a remote peer can create sockets via CALL_REQUEST and force teardown without any local account or CAP_NET_ADMIN.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires no end-user action; automated server handling of remote X.25 connect/clear suffices to reach the vulnerable close/timer path.\nS:U - Impact stays within kernel memory via standard slab UAF on the AF_X25 socket object; this is not a guest/host or IOMMU boundary escape.\nC:H - KASAN reports slab-use-after-free on the kmalloc-2k socket freed by close(), and UAF on struct sock gives attacker-controlled reuse enabling arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Use-after-free of the socket structure enables heap grooming and corrupting freed object contents for control-flow or arbitrary kernel writes/code execution.\nA:H - The freed socket timer expiry dereferences released memory and can oops/panic the kernel; UAF reliably threatens system availability even before full exploitation."
            }
          ]
        }
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T12:39:49.703Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba925a2e98ce967a0e71c5bcbcf5dbd3facaf0c8"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b79659590f0f82a9b8efd2ffd55ec6399ebfc33"
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e92c7e2b41d1528a830bc64c5e4e46dfa8133dda"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2195424c3da2ef1829a63b807e3a900a90e57d85"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-74628",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-22T15:32:10.135Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-15T05:44:03.921Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T12:39:49.703Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-74628",
      "date": "2026-09-16",
      "epss": "0.005",
      "percentile": "0.41591"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-24T14:46:06.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-74628",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2026-74628",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-08-24T01:02:38.000Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "net/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-74628.json",
      "version": "2"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-74628\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-08-22T16:16:35.737\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-08-27T13:18:34.940\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnet/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers\\n\\nThe x25 timers are armed with mod_timer() and cancelled with\\ntimer_delete(), so a pending timer holds no reference on the socket and a\\ncancel does not wait for a callback already running on another CPU.\\n\\nx25_heartbeat_expiry() also rearms unconditionally, so it can reinstall\\nsk-\u003esk_timer after __x25_destroy_socket() has passed its cancel point.\\nThe following __sock_put() frees the socket while the timer is still\\nqueued, and the next expiry uses freed memory.  KASAN reports a\\nslab-use-after-free on the kmalloc-2k object freed by close().\\n\\ntimer_delete_sync() cannot be used here: x25_heartbeat_expiry() and\\nx25_timer_expiry() both reach the cancels from inside the timer they\\nwould wait on, through __x25_destroy_socket() and x25_disconnect().\\n\\nArm the timers with sk_reset_timer() and cancel them with sk_stop_timer()\\nso that an armed timer owns a reference, and release it in both expiry\\nhandlers.  Rearm the heartbeat only while sk_hashed(sk) is still true,\\nsince __x25_destroy_socket() unlinks the socket before dropping it.  Arm\\nthe deferred destroy timer the same way and drop its reference in\\nx25_destroy_timer().\\n\\nReproduced on net with KASAN, with the heartbeat period shortened so the\\nwindow recurs.  With this patch the reproducer no longer triggers a\\nreport and /proc/net/x25 drains.\\n\\nDiscovered by XBOW, triaged by Baul Lee \u003cbaul.lee@xbow.com\u003e\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/x25/af_x25.c\",\"net/x25/x25_timer.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2\",\"lessThan\":\"ba925a2e98ce967a0e71c5bcbcf5dbd3facaf0c8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2\",\"lessThan\":\"6b79659590f0f82a9b8efd2ffd55ec6399ebfc33\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2\",\"lessThan\":\"fdd9ac50b9b61ef2b2d52c5156aff788be91454d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2\",\"lessThan\":\"1fc9f6d2c7c9fdb341bfe8ca449c990632299ea6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2\",\"lessThan\":\"3c4919be5d910db4beebca420953858606fba7d8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2\",\"lessThan\":\"4bc522b33438fefc3272840ae5988771863a4f1f\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2\",\"lessThan\":\"e92c7e2b41d1528a830bc64c5e4e46dfa8133dda\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2\",\"lessThan\":\"2195424c3da2ef1829a63b807e3a900a90e57d85\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/x25/af_x25.c\",\"net/x25/x25_timer.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"2.6.12\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"2.6.12\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.267\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.217\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.184\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.153\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.105\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.45\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.1.9\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"7.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.2\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":9.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"CRITICAL\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1fc9f6d2c7c9fdb341bfe8ca449c990632299ea6\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2195424c3da2ef1829a63b807e3a900a90e57d85\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c4919be5d910db4beebca420953858606fba7d8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4bc522b33438fefc3272840ae5988771863a4f1f\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b79659590f0f82a9b8efd2ffd55ec6399ebfc33\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba925a2e98ce967a0e71c5bcbcf5dbd3facaf0c8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e92c7e2b41d1528a830bc64c5e4e46dfa8133dda\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fdd9ac50b9b61ef2b2d52c5156aff788be91454d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-25T08:51:37+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-74628",
      "id": "CVE-2026-74628",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-08-22T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: net/x25: fix use-after-free of the socket by its timers",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-74628.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-15T01:17:30Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-74628",
      "id": "CVE-2026-74628",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-01T17:13:21Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "264",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "93",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-74628",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-74628.json",
      "version": "4"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.