{
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    "adp": [
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        "metrics": [
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              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-52761",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-06-11T15:20:22.458093Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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              "type": "ssvc"
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          "dateUpdated": "2024-06-11T15:20:32.175Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T23:11:35.808Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
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        "references": [
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1493baaf09e3c1899959c8a107cd1207e16d1788"
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eff53aea3855f71992c043cebb1c00988c17ee20"
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be97d0db5f44c0674480cb79ac6f5b0529b84c76"
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        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/riscv/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h",
            "arch/riscv/include/asm/asm.h",
            "arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h",
            "arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c",
            "arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S",
            "arch/riscv/kernel/traps.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1493baaf09e3c1899959c8a107cd1207e16d1788",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "76d2a0493a17d4c8ecc781366850c3c4f8e1a446",
              "versionType": "git"
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            {
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "76d2a0493a17d4c8ecc781366850c3c4f8e1a446",
              "versionType": "git"
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "76d2a0493a17d4c8ecc781366850c3c4f8e1a446",
              "versionType": "git"
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        },
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          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/riscv/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h",
            "arch/riscv/include/asm/asm.h",
            "arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h",
            "arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c",
            "arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S",
            "arch/riscv/kernel/traps.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.15"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.15",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.5.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.5.13",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.7",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.5.13",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.7",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
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        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nriscv: VMAP_STACK overflow detection thread-safe\n\ncommit 31da94c25aea (\"riscv: add VMAP_STACK overflow detection\") added\nsupport for CONFIG_VMAP_STACK. If overflow is detected, CPU switches to\n`shadow_stack` temporarily before switching finally to per-cpu\n`overflow_stack`.\n\nIf two CPUs/harts are racing and end up in over flowing kernel stack, one\nor both will end up corrupting each other state because `shadow_stack` is\nnot per-cpu. This patch optimizes per-cpu overflow stack switch by\ndirectly picking per-cpu `overflow_stack` and gets rid of `shadow_stack`.\n\nFollowing are the changes in this patch\n\n - Defines an asm macro to obtain per-cpu symbols in destination\n   register.\n - In entry.S, when overflow is detected, per-cpu overflow stack is\n   located using per-cpu asm macro. Computing per-cpu symbol requires\n   a temporary register. x31 is saved away into CSR_SCRATCH\n   (CSR_SCRATCH is anyways zero since we\u0027re in kernel).\n\nPlease see Links for additional relevant disccussion and alternative\nsolution.\n\nTested by `echo EXHAUST_STACK \u003e /sys/kernel/debug/provoke-crash/DIRECT`\nKernel crash log below\n\n Insufficient stack space to handle exception!/debug/provoke-crash/DIRECT\n Task stack:     [0xff20000010a98000..0xff20000010a9c000]\n Overflow stack: [0xff600001f7d98370..0xff600001f7d99370]\n CPU: 1 PID: 205 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.1.0-rc2-00001-g328a1f96f7b9 #34\n Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT)\n epc : __memset+0x60/0xfc\n  ra : recursive_loop+0x48/0xc6 [lkdtm]\n epc : ffffffff808de0e4 ra : ffffffff0163a752 sp : ff20000010a97e80\n  gp : ffffffff815c0330 tp : ff600000820ea280 t0 : ff20000010a97e88\n  t1 : 000000000000002e t2 : 3233206874706564 s0 : ff20000010a982b0\n  s1 : 0000000000000012 a0 : ff20000010a97e88 a1 : 0000000000000000\n  a2 : 0000000000000400 a3 : ff20000010a98288 a4 : 0000000000000000\n  a5 : 0000000000000000 a6 : fffffffffffe43f0 a7 : 00007fffffffffff\n  s2 : ff20000010a97e88 s3 : ffffffff01644680 s4 : ff20000010a9be90\n  s5 : ff600000842ba6c0 s6 : 00aaaaaac29e42b0 s7 : 00fffffff0aa3684\n  s8 : 00aaaaaac2978040 s9 : 0000000000000065 s10: 00ffffff8a7cad10\n  s11: 00ffffff8a76a4e0 t3 : ffffffff815dbaf4 t4 : ffffffff815dbaf4\n  t5 : ffffffff815dbab8 t6 : ff20000010a9bb48\n status: 0000000200000120 badaddr: ff20000010a97e88 cause: 000000000000000f\n Kernel panic - not syncing: Kernel stack overflow\n CPU: 1 PID: 205 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.1.0-rc2-00001-g328a1f96f7b9 #34\n Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT)\n Call Trace:\n [\u003cffffffff80006754\u003e] dump_backtrace+0x30/0x38\n [\u003cffffffff808de798\u003e] show_stack+0x40/0x4c\n [\u003cffffffff808ea2a8\u003e] dump_stack_lvl+0x44/0x5c\n [\u003cffffffff808ea2d8\u003e] dump_stack+0x18/0x20\n [\u003cffffffff808dec06\u003e] panic+0x126/0x2fe\n [\u003cffffffff800065ea\u003e] walk_stackframe+0x0/0xf0\n [\u003cffffffff0163a752\u003e] recursive_loop+0x48/0xc6 [lkdtm]\n SMP: stopping secondary CPUs\n ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Kernel stack overflow ]---"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is arch/riscv kernel exception entry (handle_kernel_stack_overflow in entry.S), reached only after a local task overflows its kernel stack\u2014not via network protocols or adjacent-link frames.\nAC:L - An attacker who can drive deep kernel recursion can pin threads to multiple harts and trigger both sides of the shared shadow_stack race, so the race is attacker-controlled rather than dependent on external timing.\nPR:L - Kernel stack overflow can be induced through unprivileged syscall/kernel paths that recurse deeply; the overflow handler itself has no capability check, so a normal local user is sufficient.\nUI:N - No victim action is required; the attacker triggers the overflows directly from their own processes.\nS:U - Impact stays within the same kernel privilege domain; this is not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or other cross-boundary break.\nC:H - Concurrent corruption of the shared shadow_stack while another hart executes C code on it can overwrite saved registers and stack frames, yielding a kernel read primitive consistent with memory-corruption impact.\nI:H - The same stack-frame/register corruption can overwrite return addresses and control state in the overflow path, enabling control-flow hijacking in kernel context.\nA:H - The overflow path panics with \"Kernel stack overflow\"; the race also causes unpredictable corruption that can oops or hang the system."
            }
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      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:11:17.032Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1493baaf09e3c1899959c8a107cd1207e16d1788"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eff53aea3855f71992c043cebb1c00988c17ee20"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be97d0db5f44c0674480cb79ac6f5b0529b84c76"
        }
      ],
      "title": "riscv: VMAP_STACK overflow detection thread-safe",
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        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-52761",
    "datePublished": "2024-05-21T15:30:47.086Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-05-21T15:19:24.237Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:11:17.032Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}