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                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.231",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.202",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.174",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.15.140",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.120",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.1.64",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.64",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.6.3",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.11.11",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.7",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.2",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.7",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.13",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.7",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19.300",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nBluetooth: fix use-after-free in device_for_each_child()\n\nSyzbot has reported the following KASAN splat:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in device_for_each_child+0x18f/0x1a0\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff88801f605308 by task kbnepd bnep0/4980\n\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 4980 Comm: kbnepd bnep0 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc4-00161-gae90f6a6170d #1\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-2.fc40 04/01/2014\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0x100/0x190\n ? device_for_each_child+0x18f/0x1a0\n print_report+0x13a/0x4cb\n ? __virt_addr_valid+0x5e/0x590\n ? __phys_addr+0xc6/0x150\n ? device_for_each_child+0x18f/0x1a0\n kasan_report+0xda/0x110\n ? device_for_each_child+0x18f/0x1a0\n ? __pfx_dev_memalloc_noio+0x10/0x10\n device_for_each_child+0x18f/0x1a0\n ? __pfx_device_for_each_child+0x10/0x10\n pm_runtime_set_memalloc_noio+0xf2/0x180\n netdev_unregister_kobject+0x1ed/0x270\n unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x123c/0x1d80\n ? __mutex_trylock_common+0xde/0x250\n ? __pfx_unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x10/0x10\n ? trace_contention_end+0xe6/0x140\n ? __mutex_lock+0x4e7/0x8f0\n ? __pfx_lock_acquire.part.0+0x10/0x10\n ? rcu_is_watching+0x12/0xc0\n ? unregister_netdev+0x12/0x30\n unregister_netdevice_queue+0x30d/0x3f0\n ? __pfx_unregister_netdevice_queue+0x10/0x10\n ? __pfx_down_write+0x10/0x10\n unregister_netdev+0x1c/0x30\n bnep_session+0x1fb3/0x2ab0\n ? __pfx_bnep_session+0x10/0x10\n ? __pfx_lock_release+0x10/0x10\n ? __pfx_woken_wake_function+0x10/0x10\n ? __kthread_parkme+0x132/0x200\n ? __pfx_bnep_session+0x10/0x10\n ? kthread+0x13a/0x370\n ? __pfx_bnep_session+0x10/0x10\n kthread+0x2b7/0x370\n ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n ret_from_fork+0x48/0x80\n ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nAllocated by task 4974:\n kasan_save_stack+0x30/0x50\n kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30\n __kasan_kmalloc+0xaa/0xb0\n __kmalloc_noprof+0x1d1/0x440\n hci_alloc_dev_priv+0x1d/0x2820\n __vhci_create_device+0xef/0x7d0\n vhci_write+0x2c7/0x480\n vfs_write+0x6a0/0xfc0\n ksys_write+0x12f/0x260\n do_syscall_64+0xc7/0x250\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n\nFreed by task 4979:\n kasan_save_stack+0x30/0x50\n kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30\n kasan_save_free_info+0x3b/0x60\n __kasan_slab_free+0x4f/0x70\n kfree+0x141/0x490\n hci_release_dev+0x4d9/0x600\n bt_host_release+0x6a/0xb0\n device_release+0xa4/0x240\n kobject_put+0x1ec/0x5a0\n put_device+0x1f/0x30\n vhci_release+0x81/0xf0\n __fput+0x3f6/0xb30\n task_work_run+0x151/0x250\n do_exit+0xa79/0x2c30\n do_group_exit+0xd5/0x2a0\n get_signal+0x1fcd/0x2210\n arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x93/0x780\n syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x140/0x290\n do_syscall_64+0xd4/0x250\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n\nIn \u0027hci_conn_del_sysfs()\u0027, \u0027device_unregister()\u0027 may be called when\nan underlying (kobject) reference counter is greater than 1. This\nmeans that reparenting (happened when the device is actually freed)\nis delayed and, during that delay, parent controller device (hciX)\nmay be deleted. Since the latter may create a dangling pointer to\nfreed parent, avoid that scenario by reparenting to NULL explicitly."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:A - The UAF is reached through the Bluetooth stack: a BNEP session is established when an adjacent peer connects to PANU/NAP (set up automatically by the privileged BT daemon), and the faulting `unregister_netdev()` path in `bnep_session()` is entered when that remote peer drops the L2CAP/ACL link. Per kernel scoring guidance and repo precedent for BNEP/HIDP lifetime UAFs, Bluetooth reachability is Adjacent.\nAC:L - The attacker drives both halves of the lifetime race by repeatedly connecting and abruptly disconnecting, and connection teardown reliably reaches `hci_conn_del_sysfs()` with a non-rfcomm child still attached, leaving the dangling grandparent pointer every time. No condition depends on memory layout or state the attacker cannot influence.\nPR:N - The attacker is an unauthenticated adjacent Bluetooth device with no local account; the `capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN)` gate on `BNEPCONNADD` is satisfied by bluetoothd acting on the peer\u0027s behalf during normal PAN/HID service handling. This matches how the kernel CNA scored the comparable bnep/HIDP UAFs.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed \u2014 session teardown is triggered by the attacker\u0027s own disconnect, and controller unregistration occurs routinely via suspend/resume, USB dongle reset, firmware error recovery, or driver reload.\nS:U - The corrupted `hci_dev` object and the faulting code both live in the kernel\u0027s own security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - `device_for_each_child()` dereferences `dev-\u003ep` and walks `klist_children` inside the freed `hci_dev` slab, so an attacker who reclaims and sprays that large kmalloc allocation can steer the traversal to read arbitrary kernel memory.\nI:H - The traversal is not read-only \u2014 `klist_iter_init()` takes `spin_lock(\u0026k-\u003ek_lock)` and `kref_get()` increments refcounts through pointers taken from the freed object, yielding attacker-influenced writes and a classic UAF heap-corruption primitive suitable for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Confirmed by the syzbot KASAN slab-use-after-free report; dereferencing the freed `hci_dev` and walking a stale klist produces a kernel oops or lockup, remotely inducible by an adjacent peer."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:44:47.756Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6894717a1ea363c5a27010ba604f957c309d282d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb91ce37dc9a37ea23cf32b6d7b667004e93d4c5"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a9584c897d1cba6265c78010bbb45ca5722c88bc"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0f67ca2a80acf8b207240405b7f72d660665d3df"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de5a44f351ca7efd9add9851b218f5353e2224b7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/91e2a2e4d1336333804cd31162984f01ad8cc70f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b277bd569bb6a2777f0014f84b4344f444fd49d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/27aabf27fd014ae037cc179c61b0bee7cff55b3d"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Bluetooth: fix use-after-free in device_for_each_child()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-53237",
    "datePublished": "2024-12-27T13:50:23.150Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-11-19T17:17:25.026Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:44:47.756Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "LOCAL",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 7.1,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "NONE",
              "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-56650",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-10-01T20:00:22.683789Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-125",
                "description": "CWE-125 Out-of-bounds Read",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-10-01T20:07:11.150Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T20:51:56.813Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/xt_LED.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "147a42bb02de8735cb08476be6d0917987d022c2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "268cb38e1802db560c73167e643f14a3dcb4b07c",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "ad28612ebae1fcc1104bd432e99e99d87f6bfe09",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "268cb38e1802db560c73167e643f14a3dcb4b07c",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "36a9d94dac28beef6b8abba46ba8874320d3e800",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "268cb38e1802db560c73167e643f14a3dcb4b07c",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "ab9916321c95f5280b72b4c5055e269f98627efe",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "268cb38e1802db560c73167e643f14a3dcb4b07c",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "a9bcc0b70d9baf3ff005874489a0dc9d023b54c3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "268cb38e1802db560c73167e643f14a3dcb4b07c",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "c40c96d98e536fc1daaa125c2332b988615e30a4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "268cb38e1802db560c73167e643f14a3dcb4b07c",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "04317f4eb2aad312ad85c1a17ad81fe75f1f9bc7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "268cb38e1802db560c73167e643f14a3dcb4b07c",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/xt_LED.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.30"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.30",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.287",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.231",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.174",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.120",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.66",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.13",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.287",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.231",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.174",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.120",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.66",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.13",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.30",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: x_tables: fix LED ID check in led_tg_check()\n\nSyzbot has reported the following BUG detected by KASAN:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in strlen+0x58/0x70\nRead of size 1 at addr ffff8881022da0c8 by task repro/5879\n...\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360\n ? __pfx_dump_stack_lvl+0x10/0x10\n ? __pfx__printk+0x10/0x10\n ? _printk+0xd5/0x120\n ? __virt_addr_valid+0x183/0x530\n ? __virt_addr_valid+0x183/0x530\n print_report+0x169/0x550\n ? __virt_addr_valid+0x183/0x530\n ? __virt_addr_valid+0x183/0x530\n ? __virt_addr_valid+0x45f/0x530\n ? __phys_addr+0xba/0x170\n ? strlen+0x58/0x70\n kasan_report+0x143/0x180\n ? strlen+0x58/0x70\n strlen+0x58/0x70\n kstrdup+0x20/0x80\n led_tg_check+0x18b/0x3c0\n xt_check_target+0x3bb/0xa40\n ? __pfx_xt_check_target+0x10/0x10\n ? stack_depot_save_flags+0x6e4/0x830\n ? nft_target_init+0x174/0xc30\n nft_target_init+0x82d/0xc30\n ? __pfx_nft_target_init+0x10/0x10\n ? nf_tables_newrule+0x1609/0x2980\n ? nf_tables_newrule+0x1609/0x2980\n ? rcu_is_watching+0x15/0xb0\n ? nf_tables_newrule+0x1609/0x2980\n ? nf_tables_newrule+0x1609/0x2980\n ? __kmalloc_noprof+0x21a/0x400\n nf_tables_newrule+0x1860/0x2980\n ? __pfx_nf_tables_newrule+0x10/0x10\n ? __nla_parse+0x40/0x60\n nfnetlink_rcv+0x14e5/0x2ab0\n ? __pfx_validate_chain+0x10/0x10\n ? __pfx_nfnetlink_rcv+0x10/0x10\n ? __lock_acquire+0x1384/0x2050\n ? netlink_deliver_tap+0x2e/0x1b0\n ? __pfx_lock_release+0x10/0x10\n ? netlink_deliver_tap+0x2e/0x1b0\n netlink_unicast+0x7f8/0x990\n ? __pfx_netlink_unicast+0x10/0x10\n ? __virt_addr_valid+0x183/0x530\n ? __check_object_size+0x48e/0x900\n netlink_sendmsg+0x8e4/0xcb0\n ? __pfx_netlink_sendmsg+0x10/0x10\n ? aa_sock_msg_perm+0x91/0x160\n ? __pfx_netlink_sendmsg+0x10/0x10\n __sock_sendmsg+0x223/0x270\n ____sys_sendmsg+0x52a/0x7e0\n ? __pfx_____sys_sendmsg+0x10/0x10\n __sys_sendmsg+0x292/0x380\n ? __pfx___sys_sendmsg+0x10/0x10\n ? lockdep_hardirqs_on_prepare+0x43d/0x780\n ? __pfx_lockdep_hardirqs_on_prepare+0x10/0x10\n ? exc_page_fault+0x590/0x8c0\n ? do_syscall_64+0xb6/0x230\n do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n...\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nSince an invalid (without \u0027\\0\u0027 byte at all) byte sequence may be passed\nfrom userspace, add an extra check to ensure that such a sequence is\nrejected as possible ID and so never passed to \u0027kstrdup()\u0027 and further."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is entered only through local syscalls \u2014 `sendmsg()` on a NETLINK_NETFILTER socket (nf_tables/nft_compat) or `setsockopt(IPT_SO_SET_REPLACE)` on the legacy iptables interface. No remote peer can supply the malformed `xt_led_info` blob.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls all 40 bytes of the target info blob and simply omits any NUL byte, making `strlen()` read out of bounds deterministically on every attempt; there is no race, no memory-layout precondition, and the required xt_LED module is present in stock distro and embedded kernel configs.\nPR:L - `nf_tables_newrule` requires CAP_NET_ADMIN only in the network namespace\u0027s owning user namespace, which any unprivileged user obtains with `unshare -Urn` \u2014 exactly how the syzbot reproducer reached it.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire sequence \u2014 create netns, add an nftables rule with an xt LED target \u2014 with no action by any other user, and reads the leaked bytes back from sysfs itself.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds read stays within the kernel\u0027s own heap and the disclosed data is exposed through kernel-managed interfaces; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is an unbounded slab out-of-bounds read whose contents are not merely touched but `kstrdup()`\u0027d into a globally registered LED trigger name, then printed into the world-readable (0644) `/sys/class/leds/*/trigger` file, plus an `-EEXIST` collision oracle from `led_trigger_register()` \u2014 giving an unprivileged user a practical adjacent-kernel-heap disclosure primitive that can leak pointers and defeat KASLR/heap-layout hardening.\nI:N - `kstrdup()` allocates exactly `strlen()+1` bytes and the sysfs printer clamps with `vscnprintf`, so no memory is written out of bounds and no kernel data structure is corrupted by the flaw.\nA:H - The `strlen()` walk continues until it happens to find a zero byte and can fault on a KFENCE guard page \u2014 enabled by default in production distro and Android kernels \u2014 or run past mapped memory, oopsing the kernel; on KASAN builds it panics outright, and the attacker can repeat the attempt arbitrarily."
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