CVE-2026-23401 (GCVE-0-2026-23401)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-01 08:36 – Updated: 2026-04-02 11:30
VLAI?
Title
KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE
When installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the
existing SPTE (if it's shadow-present). While commit a54aa15c6bda3 was
right about it being impossible to convert a shadow-present SPTE to an
MMIO SPTE due to a _guest_ write, it failed to account for writes to guest
memory that are outside the scope of KVM.
E.g. if host userspace modifies a shadowed gPTE to switch from a memslot
to emulted MMIO and then the guest hits a relevant page fault, KVM will
install the MMIO SPTE without first zapping the shadow-present SPTE.
------------[ cut here ]------------
is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep)
WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:484 at mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/4292
Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass
CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 4292 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015
RIP: 0010:mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
mmu_set_spte+0x237/0x440 [kvm]
ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]
kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]
kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]
vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]
kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]
kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]
__x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0
do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53
RIP: 0033:0x47fa3f
</TASK>
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
Severity ?
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f , < fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22
(git)
Affected: a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f , < 459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f (git) Affected: a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f , < 695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b (git) Affected: a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f , < bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d (git) Affected: a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f , < aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605 (git) |
||
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22",
"status": "affected",
"version": "a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f",
"status": "affected",
"version": "a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b",
"status": "affected",
"version": "a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d",
"status": "affected",
"version": "a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605",
"status": "affected",
"version": "a54aa15c6bda3ca7e2f9e040ba968a1da303e24f",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.13"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.13",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.131",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.80",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18.21",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.19.11",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.0-rc6",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.131",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.80",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18.21",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.19.11",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "7.0-rc6",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE\n\nWhen installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the\nexisting SPTE (if it\u0027s shadow-present). While commit a54aa15c6bda3 was\nright about it being impossible to convert a shadow-present SPTE to an\nMMIO SPTE due to a _guest_ write, it failed to account for writes to guest\nmemory that are outside the scope of KVM.\n\nE.g. if host userspace modifies a shadowed gPTE to switch from a memslot\nto emulted MMIO and then the guest hits a relevant page fault, KVM will\ninstall the MMIO SPTE without first zapping the shadow-present SPTE.\n\n ------------[ cut here ]------------\n is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep)\n WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:484 at mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/4292\n Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 4292 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n RIP: 0010:mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm]\n Call Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n mmu_set_spte+0x237/0x440 [kvm]\n ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]\n kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]\n kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]\n vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]\n kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]\n kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]\n __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n RIP: 0033:0x47fa3f\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---"
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-02T11:30:56.628Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605"
}
],
"title": "KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-23401",
"datePublished": "2026-04-01T08:36:32.367Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:37:46.012Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-02T11:30:56.628Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-23401\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-04-01T09:16:15.260\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-04-02T12:16:19.970\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Awaiting Analysis\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nKVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE\\n\\nWhen installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the\\nexisting SPTE (if it\u0027s shadow-present). While commit a54aa15c6bda3 was\\nright about it being impossible to convert a shadow-present SPTE to an\\nMMIO SPTE due to a _guest_ write, it failed to account for writes to guest\\nmemory that are outside the scope of KVM.\\n\\nE.g. if host userspace modifies a shadowed gPTE to switch from a memslot\\nto emulted MMIO and then the guest hits a relevant page fault, KVM will\\ninstall the MMIO SPTE without first zapping the shadow-present SPTE.\\n\\n ------------[ cut here ]------------\\n is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep)\\n WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:484 at mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/4292\\n Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\\n CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 4292 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT\\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\\n RIP: 0010:mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm]\\n Call Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n mmu_set_spte+0x237/0x440 [kvm]\\n ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]\\n kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]\\n kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]\\n vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]\\n kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]\\n kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]\\n __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\\n do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730\\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\\n RIP: 0033:0x47fa3f\\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\\n ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\"}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/459158151a158a6703b49f3c9de0e536d8bd553f\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/695320de6eadb75aaed8be1787c4ce4c189e4c7b\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aad885e774966e97b675dfe928da164214a71605\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bce7fe59d43531623f3e43779127bfb33804925d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd28c5618699180cd69619801e9ae6a5266c0a22\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}"
}
}
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Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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