CVE-2026-57170 (GCVE-0-2026-57170)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 23:18 – Updated: 2026-08-28 22:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Trestle SSTI in Jinja2 include tags allows arbitrary code execution (Incomplete fix of CVE-2026-46439)
Summary
Compliance-trestle (Trestle) is a Python SDK and command-line tool for managing OSCAL compliance documents. In versions prior to 3.12.4 and 4.0.0 through 4.0.3, the custom Jinja2 include tags mdsection_include and md_clean_include re-parse the content of an included Markdown file as Jinja2 template code in a non-sandboxed environment, allowing server-side template injection that can lead to arbitrary code execution. The MDSectionInclude and MDCleanInclude tags in Trestle/core/jinja/tags.py pass included file content to Parser(self.environment, ...).parse(), splicing it into the host template's compilation, and the environment is a plain jinja2.Environment rather than a SandboxedEnvironment, so any expressions in the file are evaluated with full access to the usual SSTI gadget chain. Because Trestle's Markdown writers emit OSCAL prose and component-description fields verbatim, applying delimiter neutralization only to parameter tables, attacker-controlled OSCAL data such as a control statement, part prose, or component description containing Jinja2 syntax flows into an included Markdown file and is executed when the include tag re-parses it. This issue is fixed in version 4.1.0.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 22:41 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trest… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trest… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trest… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| oscal-compass | compliance-trestle |
Affected:
< 3.12.4
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.1.0 |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-57170",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-28T22:41:23.469103Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-28T22:41:34.783Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "compliance-trestle",
"vendor": "oscal-compass",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 3.12.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 4.1.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Compliance-trestle (Trestle) is a Python SDK and command-line tool for managing OSCAL compliance documents. In versions prior to 3.12.4 and 4.0.0 through 4.0.3, the custom Jinja2 include tags mdsection_include and md_clean_include re-parse the content of an included Markdown file as Jinja2 template code in a non-sandboxed environment, allowing server-side template injection that can lead to arbitrary code execution. The MDSectionInclude and MDCleanInclude tags in Trestle/core/jinja/tags.py pass included file content to Parser(self.environment, ...).parse(), splicing it into the host template\u0027s compilation, and the environment is a plain jinja2.Environment rather than a SandboxedEnvironment, so any expressions in the file are evaluated with full access to the usual SSTI gadget chain. Because Trestle\u0027s Markdown writers emit OSCAL prose and component-description fields verbatim, applying delimiter neutralization only to parameter tables, attacker-controlled OSCAL data such as a control statement, part prose, or component description containing Jinja2 syntax flows into an included Markdown file and is executed when the include tag re-parses it. This issue is fixed in version 4.1.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1336",
"description": "CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T23:18:29.487Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/security/advisories/GHSA-mr95-65j8-9mxp",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/security/advisories/GHSA-mr95-65j8-9mxp"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/commit/0f82d19bd42f9cc0f1b3acd7fc3f6dafe3b6ae10",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/commit/0f82d19bd42f9cc0f1b3acd7fc3f6dafe3b6ae10"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/commit/5335ff873a2a68eb7de43df029bea09cadff22fd",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/commit/5335ff873a2a68eb7de43df029bea09cadff22fd"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-mr95-65j8-9mxp",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Trestle SSTI in Jinja2 include tags allows arbitrary code execution (Incomplete fix of CVE-2026-46439)"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-57170",
"datePublished": "2026-08-25T23:18:29.487Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-24T01:47:55.285Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-28T22:41:34.783Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2026-57170",
"date": "2026-10-03",
"epss": "0.00235",
"percentile": "0.1311"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "compliance-trestle",
"vendor": "oscal-compass",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 3.12.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 4.1.0"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Compliance-trestle (Trestle) is a Python SDK and command-line tool for managing OSCAL compliance documents. In versions prior to 3.12.4 and 4.0.0 through 4.0.3, the custom Jinja2 include tags mdsection_include and md_clean_include re-parse the content of an included Markdown file as Jinja2 template code in a non-sandboxed environment, allowing server-side template injection that can lead to arbitrary code execution. The MDSectionInclude and MDCleanInclude tags in Trestle/core/jinja/tags.py pass included file content to Parser(self.environment, ...).parse(), splicing it into the host template\u0027s compilation, and the environment is a plain jinja2.Environment rather than a SandboxedEnvironment, so any expressions in the file are evaluated with full access to the usual SSTI gadget chain. Because Trestle\u0027s Markdown writers emit OSCAL prose and component-description fields verbatim, applying delimiter neutralization only to parameter tables, attacker-controlled OSCAL data such as a control statement, part prose, or component description containing Jinja2 syntax flows into an included Markdown file and is executed when the include tag re-parses it. This issue is fixed in version 4.1.0."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-57170",
"lastModified": "2026-09-09T21:09:13.080",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-57170",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-28T22:41:23.469103Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-08-26T05:18:11.763",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"url": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/commit/0f82d19bd42f9cc0f1b3acd7fc3f6dafe3b6ae10"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"url": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/commit/5335ff873a2a68eb7de43df029bea09cadff22fd"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"url": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/security/advisories/GHSA-mr95-65j8-9mxp"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-94"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-1336"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Important",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-27T14:50:56+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-57170",
"id": "CVE-2026-57170",
"initial_release_date": "2026-08-25T23:18:29.487000+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "1",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "compliance-trestle: Trestle: Arbitrary code execution via Server-Side Template Injection",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-57170.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-57170",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-28T22:41:23.469103Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-28T22:41:30.335Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "compliance-trestle",
"vendor": "oscal-compass",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 3.12.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 4.1.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Compliance-trestle (Trestle) is a Python SDK and command-line tool for managing OSCAL compliance documents. In versions prior to 3.12.4 and 4.0.0 through 4.0.3, the custom Jinja2 include tags mdsection_include and md_clean_include re-parse the content of an included Markdown file as Jinja2 template code in a non-sandboxed environment, allowing server-side template injection that can lead to arbitrary code execution. The MDSectionInclude and MDCleanInclude tags in Trestle/core/jinja/tags.py pass included file content to Parser(self.environment, ...).parse(), splicing it into the host template\u0027s compilation, and the environment is a plain jinja2.Environment rather than a SandboxedEnvironment, so any expressions in the file are evaluated with full access to the usual SSTI gadget chain. Because Trestle\u0027s Markdown writers emit OSCAL prose and component-description fields verbatim, applying delimiter neutralization only to parameter tables, attacker-controlled OSCAL data such as a control statement, part prose, or component description containing Jinja2 syntax flows into an included Markdown file and is executed when the include tag re-parses it. This issue is fixed in version 4.1.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1336",
"description": "CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T23:18:29.487Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/security/advisories/GHSA-mr95-65j8-9mxp",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/security/advisories/GHSA-mr95-65j8-9mxp"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/commit/0f82d19bd42f9cc0f1b3acd7fc3f6dafe3b6ae10",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/commit/0f82d19bd42f9cc0f1b3acd7fc3f6dafe3b6ae10"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/commit/5335ff873a2a68eb7de43df029bea09cadff22fd",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/oscal-compass/compliance-trestle/commit/5335ff873a2a68eb7de43df029bea09cadff22fd"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-mr95-65j8-9mxp",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Trestle SSTI in Jinja2 include tags allows arbitrary code execution (Incomplete fix of CVE-2026-46439)"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-57170",
"datePublished": "2026-08-25T23:18:29.487Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-24T01:47:55.285Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-28T22:41:34.783Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…