GHSA-F82V-JWR5-MFFW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-21 15:20 – Updated: 2026-03-02 16:59

Summary

Authorization Bypass in Next.js Middleware

Details

Impact

It is possible to bypass authorization checks within a Next.js application, if the authorization check occurs in middleware.

Patches

For Next.js 15.x, this issue is fixed in 15.2.3
For Next.js 14.x, this issue is fixed in 14.2.25
For Next.js 13.x, this issue is fixed in 13.5.9
For Next.js 12.x, this issue is fixed in 12.3.5
For Next.js 11.x, consult the below workaround.

Note: Next.js deployments hosted on Vercel are automatically protected against this vulnerability.

Workaround

If patching to a safe version is infeasible, we recommend that you prevent external user requests which contain the x-middleware-subrequest header from reaching your Next.js application.

Credits

Allam Rachid (zhero;)
Allam Yasser (inzo_)

Severity

9.1 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "13.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "13.5.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "14.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.2.25"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.2.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "next"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "12.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "12.3.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-29927"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-285",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-21T15:20:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-21T15:15:42Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "# Impact\nIt is possible to bypass authorization checks within a Next.js application, if the authorization check occurs in middleware.\n\n# Patches\n* For Next.js 15.x, this issue is fixed in `15.2.3`\n* For Next.js 14.x, this issue is fixed in `14.2.25`\n* For Next.js 13.x, this issue is fixed in 13.5.9\n* For Next.js 12.x, this issue is fixed in 12.3.5\n* For Next.js 11.x, consult the below workaround.\n\n_Note: Next.js deployments hosted on Vercel are automatically protected against this vulnerability._\n\n# Workaround\nIf patching to a safe version is infeasible, we recommend that you prevent external user requests which contain the `x-middleware-subrequest` header from reaching your Next.js application.\n\n## Credits\n\n- Allam Rachid (zhero;)\n- Allam Yasser (inzo_)",
  "id": "GHSA-f82v-jwr5-mffw",
  "modified": "2026-03-02T16:59:03Z",
  "published": "2025-03-21T15:20:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-f82v-jwr5-mffw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29927"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/52a078da3884efe6501613c7834a3d02a91676d2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/5fd3ae8f8542677c6294f32d18022731eab6fe48"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v12.3.5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v13.5.9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250328-0002"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vercel.com/changelog/vercel-firewall-proactively-protects-against-vulnerability-with-middleware"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/03/23/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/03/23/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Authorization Bypass in Next.js Middleware"
}

CVE-2025-29927 (GCVE-0-2025-29927)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-21 14:34 – Updated: 2025-04-08 15:17

Title

Authorization Bypass in Next.js Middleware

Summary

Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. Starting in version 1.11.4 and prior to versions 12.3.5, 13.5.9, 14.2.25, and 15.2.3, it is possible to bypass authorization checks within a Next.js application, if the authorization check occurs in middleware. If patching to a safe version is infeasible, it is recommend that you prevent external user requests which contain the x-middleware-subrequest header from reaching your Next.js application. This vulnerability is fixed in 12.3.5, 13.5.9, 14.2.25, and 15.2.3.

Severity

9.1 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-04-08 15:16 UTC

CWE

CWE-285 - Improper Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

8 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/adviso…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/52a078da…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/5fd3ae8f…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v12.3.5	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v13.5.9	x_refsource_MISC
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/03/23/3
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/03/23/4
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025032…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
vercel	next.js	Affected: >= 11.1.4, < 12.3.5 Affected: >= 14.0.0, < 14.2.25 Affected: >= 15.0.0, < 15.2.3 Affected: >= 13.0.0, < 13.5.9

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-29927",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-04-08T15:16:38.515188Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-04-08T15:17:05.315Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-03-28T15:03:09.597Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/03/23/3"
          },
          {
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/03/23/4"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250328-0002/"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "next.js",
          "vendor": "vercel",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 11.1.4, \u003c 12.3.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 14.0.0, \u003c 14.2.25"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 15.0.0, \u003c 15.2.3"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 13.0.0, \u003c 13.5.9"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. Starting in version 1.11.4 and prior to versions 12.3.5, 13.5.9, 14.2.25, and 15.2.3, it is possible to bypass authorization checks within a Next.js application, if the authorization check occurs in middleware. If patching to a safe version is infeasible, it is recommend that you prevent external user requests which contain the x-middleware-subrequest header from reaching your Next.js application. This vulnerability is fixed in 12.3.5, 13.5.9, 14.2.25, and 15.2.3."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 9.1,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-285",
              "description": "CWE-285: Improper Authorization",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-04-08T13:59:00.478Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-f82v-jwr5-mffw",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-f82v-jwr5-mffw"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/52a078da3884efe6501613c7834a3d02a91676d2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/52a078da3884efe6501613c7834a3d02a91676d2"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/5fd3ae8f8542677c6294f32d18022731eab6fe48",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/5fd3ae8f8542677c6294f32d18022731eab6fe48"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v12.3.5",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v12.3.5"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v13.5.9",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v13.5.9"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-f82v-jwr5-mffw",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Authorization Bypass in Next.js Middleware"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-29927",
    "datePublished": "2025-03-21T14:34:49.570Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-03-12T13:42:22.136Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-04-08T15:17:05.315Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted