Vulnerability-Lookup

ICSA-26-219-01

Vulnerability from csaf_cisa - Published: 2026-08-07 05:00 - Updated: 2026-08-07 05:00

Summary

CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities

Notes

Legal Notice and Terms of Use: This product is provided subject to this Notification (https://www.cisa.gov/notification) and this Privacy & Use policy (https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy).

Advisory Summary: ATN-B1 CPDLC relies on legacy clear text unauthenticated radio frequency links. Research demonstrates that these characteristics allow unauthorized message injection, denial-of-service conditions, and forced session resets. These vulnerabilities do not constitute an unsafe aircraft condition but can degrade operational safety margins by increasing workload, delaying safety-critical instructions, and reducing situational awareness.

Critical infrastructure sectors: Transportation Systems

Countries/areas deployed: Worldwide

Company headquarters location: Global

CVE-2025-71409

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L

CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Affected products

Known affected 1 product

Product	Identifier	Version	Remediation
Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications ATN-B1 CPDLC: vers:all/* ATN-B1 CPDLC		vers:all/*	None Available Mitigation Mitigation Mitigation

CVE-2025-71410

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

Affected products

Known affected 1 product

Product	Identifier	Version	Remediation
Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications ATN-B1 CPDLC: vers:all/* ATN-B1 CPDLC		vers:all/*	None Available Mitigation Mitigation Mitigation

CVE-2025-71411

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

Affected products

Known affected 1 product

Product	Identifier	Version	Remediation
Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications ATN-B1 CPDLC: vers:all/* ATN-B1 CPDLC		vers:all/*	None Available Mitigation Mitigation Mitigation

CVE-2025-71412

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L

CWE-754 - Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions

Affected products

Known affected 1 product

Product	Identifier	Version	Remediation
Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications ATN-B1 CPDLC: vers:all/* ATN-B1 CPDLC		vers:all/*	None Available Mitigation Mitigation Mitigation

CVE-2025-71413

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CWE-754 - Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions

Affected products

Known affected 1 product

Product	Identifier	Version	Remediation
Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications ATN-B1 CPDLC: vers:all/* ATN-B1 CPDLC		vers:all/*	None Available Mitigation Mitigation Mitigation

References

22 references

URL	Category
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/de…	self
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i…	self
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-alerts/ics-a…	external
https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ic…	external
https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems	external
https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommen…	external
https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publicat…	external
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/targeted-cy…	external
https://www.cisa.gov/secure-our-world/teach-emplo…	external
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/avoiding-so…	external
https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/306.html	external
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71409	external
https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.…	external
https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.…	external
https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/770.html	external
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71410	external
https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.…	external
https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.…	external
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71411	external
https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/754.html	external
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71412	external
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71413	external

Acknowledgments

Armasuisse Martin Strohmeier

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "document": {
    "acknowledgments": [
      {
        "names": [
          "Martin Strohmeier"
        ],
        "organization": "Armasuisse",
        "summary": "reported these vulnerabilities to CISA"
      }
    ],
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "text": "Disclosure is not limited",
      "tlp": {
        "label": "WHITE",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/traffic-light-protocol-tlp-definitions-and-usage"
      }
    },
    "lang": "en-US",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "This product is provided subject to this Notification (https://www.cisa.gov/notification) and this Privacy \u0026 Use policy (https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy).",
        "title": "Legal Notice and Terms of Use"
      },
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "ATN-B1 CPDLC relies on legacy clear text unauthenticated radio frequency links. Research demonstrates that these characteristics allow unauthorized message injection, denial-of-service conditions, and forced session resets. These vulnerabilities do not constitute an unsafe aircraft condition but can degrade operational safety margins by increasing workload, delaying safety-critical instructions, and reducing situational awareness.",
        "title": "Advisory Summary"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Transportation Systems",
        "title": "Critical infrastructure sectors"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Worldwide",
        "title": "Countries/areas deployed"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Global",
        "title": "Company headquarters location"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "coordinator",
      "contact_details": "central@cisa.dhs.gov",
      "name": "CISA",
      "namespace": "https://www.cisa.gov/"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICS Advisory ICSA-26-219-01 JSON",
        "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-219-01.json"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICSA Advisory ICSA-26-219-01 - Web Version",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-219-01"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-alerts/ics-alert-10-301-01"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity_Best_Practices_for_Industrial_Control_Systems.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/targeted-cyber-intrusion-detection-and-mitigation-strategies-update-b"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/secure-our-world/teach-employees-avoid-phishing"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/avoiding-social-engineering-and-phishing-attacks"
      }
    ],
    "title": "CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities",
    "tracking": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-07T05:00:00.000000Z",
      "generator": {
        "date": "2026-08-05T22:59:15.799935Z",
        "engine": {
          "name": "CISA CSAF Generator",
          "version": "1.0.0"
        }
      },
      "id": "ICSA-26-219-01",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-08-07T05:00:00.000000Z",
      "revision_history": [
        {
          "date": "2026-08-07T05:00:00.000000Z",
          "legacy_version": "Initial",
          "number": "1",
          "summary": "Initial Publication"
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "1"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version_range",
                "name": "vers:all/*",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications ATN-B1 CPDLC: vers:all/*",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0001"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "ATN-B1 CPDLC"
          }
        ],
        "category": "specification",
        "name": "Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-71409",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-306",
        "name": "Missing Authentication for Critical Function"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Lack of authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages allows rogue ground stations to inject CPDLC messages leading to unexpected or misleading clearances and potential pilot confusion. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "details",
          "text": "SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/2026-08-05T05:00:00.000000Z",
          "title": "SSVC"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "cwe.mitre.org",
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/306.html"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71409"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "none_available",
          "details": "Currently, there is no mitigation available for CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities have a high attack complexity.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-71410",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-770",
        "name": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Unnumbered Disconnect (U DISC) and malformed Aviation Very High Frequency Link Control frames can terminate sessions and lead to a loss of CPDLC functions requiring a reversion to voice communication and increased controller workload. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "details",
          "text": "SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/2026-08-05T05:00:00.000000Z",
          "title": "SSVC"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "cwe.mitre.org",
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/770.html"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71410"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "none_available",
          "details": "Currently, there is no mitigation available for CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities have a high attack complexity.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-71411",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-770",
        "name": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Broadcast control frames can disconnect multiple aircraft simultaneously leading to delayed clearances and air traffic controller overload. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "details",
          "text": "SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/2026-08-05T05:00:00.000000Z",
          "title": "SSVC"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "cwe.mitre.org",
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/770.html"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71411"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "none_available",
          "details": "Currently, there is no mitigation available for CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities have a high attack complexity.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-71412",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-754",
        "name": "Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Injection of false emergency or status messages over CPDLC may lead to misallocation of resources, operational confusion, and improper response actions by flight crews, traffic controllers, and ground operations.  This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "details",
          "text": "SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/2026-08-05T05:00:00.000000Z",
          "title": "SSVC"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "cwe.mitre.org",
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/754.html"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71412"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "none_available",
          "details": "Currently, there is no mitigation available for CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities have a high attack complexity.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-71413",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-754",
        "name": "Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Malformed or out-of-sequence frames at the Aviation Very High Frequency Link Control X.25 layers cause repeated resets which may result in increased workload and reduced situational awareness. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "details",
          "text": "SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/2026-08-05T05:00:00.000000Z",
          "title": "SSVC"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "cwe.mitre.org",
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/754.html"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71413"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "none_available",
          "details": "Currently, there is no mitigation available for CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities have a high attack complexity.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-71409 (GCVE-0-2025-71409)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 19:02 – Updated: 2026-08-07 19:02

Title

No Authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages used in CPDLC

Summary

Lack of authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages allows rogue ground stations to inject CPDLC messages leading to unexpected or misleading clearances and potential pilot confusion. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L

CWE

CWE-306

Assigner

icscert

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ATN-B1	CPDLC	Affected: All versions (custom)

Date Public

2026-08-07 18:00

Credits

Martin Strohmeier of Armasuisse reported this vulnerability to CISA.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "CPDLC",
          "vendor": "ATN-B1",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "All versions",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Martin Strohmeier of Armasuisse reported this vulnerability to CISA."
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-08-07T18:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Lack of authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages allows rogue ground stations to inject CPDLC messages leading to unexpected or misleading clearances and potential pilot confusion. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Lack of authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages allows rogue ground stations to inject CPDLC messages leading to unexpected or misleading clearances and potential pilot confusion. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-306",
              "description": "CWE-306",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T19:02:50.109Z",
        "orgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
        "shortName": "icscert"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-219-01"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "ICSA-26-219-01",
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "No Authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages used in CPDLC",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents."
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.4"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
    "assignerShortName": "icscert",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-71409",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-07T19:02:50.109Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-04T20:31:35.645Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T19:02:50.109Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-71410 (GCVE-0-2025-71410)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 19:02 – Updated: 2026-08-07 19:02

Title

Malicious Link Control Frames Can Cause Loss of CPDLC Functions

Summary

Unnumbered Disconnect (U DISC) and malformed Aviation Very High Frequency Link Control frames can terminate sessions and lead to a loss of CPDLC functions requiring a reversion to voice communication and increased controller workload. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.

Severity

6 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CWE

CWE-770

Assigner

icscert

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ATN-B1	CPDLC	Affected: All versions (custom)

Date Public

2026-08-07 18:00

Credits

Martin Strohmeier of Armasuisse reported this vulnerability to CISA.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "CPDLC",
          "vendor": "ATN-B1",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "All versions",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Martin Strohmeier of Armasuisse reported this vulnerability to CISA."
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-08-07T18:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Unnumbered Disconnect (U DISC) and malformed Aviation Very High Frequency Link Control frames can terminate sessions and lead to a loss of CPDLC functions requiring a reversion to voice communication and increased controller workload. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Unnumbered Disconnect (U DISC) and malformed Aviation Very High Frequency Link Control frames can terminate sessions and lead to a loss of CPDLC functions requiring a reversion to voice communication and increased controller workload. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-770",
              "description": "CWE-770",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T19:02:15.353Z",
        "orgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
        "shortName": "icscert"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-219-01"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "ICSA-26-219-01",
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Malicious Link Control Frames Can Cause Loss of CPDLC Functions",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents."
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.4"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
    "assignerShortName": "icscert",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-71410",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-07T19:02:15.353Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-04T20:31:35.645Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T19:02:15.353Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-71411 (GCVE-0-2025-71411)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 19:01 – Updated: 2026-08-07 19:01

Title

In CPDLC, Broadcast Control Frames Can Disconnect Multiple Aircraft Simultaneously

Summary

Broadcast control frames can disconnect multiple aircraft simultaneously leading to delayed clearances and air traffic controller overload. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.

Severity

6 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CWE

CWE-770

Assigner

icscert

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ATN-B1	CPDLC	Affected: All versions (custom)

Date Public

2026-08-07 18:00

Credits

Martin Strohmeier of Armasuisse reported this vulnerability to CISA.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "CPDLC",
          "vendor": "ATN-B1",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "All versions",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Martin Strohmeier of Armasuisse reported this vulnerability to CISA."
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-08-07T18:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Broadcast control frames can disconnect multiple aircraft simultaneously leading to delayed clearances and air traffic controller overload. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Broadcast control frames can disconnect multiple aircraft simultaneously leading to delayed clearances and air traffic controller overload. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-770",
              "description": "CWE-770",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T19:01:48.118Z",
        "orgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
        "shortName": "icscert"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-219-01"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "ICSA-26-219-01",
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "In CPDLC, Broadcast Control Frames Can Disconnect Multiple Aircraft Simultaneously",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents."
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.4"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
    "assignerShortName": "icscert",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-71411",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-07T19:01:48.118Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-04T20:31:35.645Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T19:01:48.118Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-71412 (GCVE-0-2025-71412)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 19:01 – Updated: 2026-08-07 19:01

Title

In CPDLC, False Emergency or Status Messages Will be Accepted as Legitimate

Summary

Injection of false emergency or status messages over CPDLC may lead to misallocation of resources, operational confusion, and improper response actions by flight crews, traffic controllers, and ground operations. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L

CWE

CWE-754

Assigner

icscert

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ATN-B1	CPDLC	Affected: All versions (custom)

Date Public

2026-08-07 18:00

Credits

Martin Strohmeier of Armasuisse reported this vulnerability to CISA.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "CPDLC",
          "vendor": "ATN-B1",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "All versions",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Martin Strohmeier of Armasuisse reported this vulnerability to CISA."
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-08-07T18:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Injection of false emergency or status messages over CPDLC may lead to misallocation of resources, operational confusion, and improper response actions by flight crews, traffic controllers, and ground operations.  This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Injection of false emergency or status messages over CPDLC may lead to misallocation of resources, operational confusion, and improper response actions by flight crews, traffic controllers, and ground operations.  This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-754",
              "description": "CWE-754",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T19:01:23.670Z",
        "orgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
        "shortName": "icscert"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-219-01"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "ICSA-26-219-01",
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "In CPDLC, False Emergency or Status Messages Will be Accepted as Legitimate",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents."
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.4"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
    "assignerShortName": "icscert",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-71412",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-07T19:01:23.670Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-04T20:31:35.645Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T19:01:23.670Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-71413 (GCVE-0-2025-71413)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 19:00 – Updated: 2026-08-07 19:00

Title

In CPDLC, Malformed or Out of Sequence Frames Can Cause Resets

Summary

Malformed or out-of-sequence frames at the Aviation Very High Frequency Link Control X.25 layers cause repeated resets which may result in increased workload and reduced situational awareness. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.

Severity

6 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CWE

CWE-754

Assigner

icscert

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ATN-B1	CPDLC	Affected: All versions (custom)

Date Public

2026-08-07 18:00

Credits

Martin Strohmeier of Armasuisse reported this vulnerability to CISA.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "CPDLC",
          "vendor": "ATN-B1",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "All versions",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Martin Strohmeier of Armasuisse reported this vulnerability to CISA."
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-08-07T18:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Malformed or out-of-sequence frames at the Aviation Very High Frequency Link Control X.25 layers cause repeated resets which may result in increased workload and reduced situational awareness. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Malformed or out-of-sequence frames at the Aviation Very High Frequency Link Control X.25 layers cause repeated resets which may result in increased workload and reduced situational awareness. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-754",
              "description": "CWE-754",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T19:00:53.989Z",
        "orgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
        "shortName": "icscert"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-219-01"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "ICSA-26-219-01",
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "In CPDLC, Malformed or Out of Sequence Frames Can Cause Resets",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents."
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.4"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
    "assignerShortName": "icscert",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-71413",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-07T19:00:53.989Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-04T20:31:35.645Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-07T19:00:53.989Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.

Action not permitted

ICSA-26-219-01

CVE-2025-71409 (GCVE-0-2025-71409)

CVE-2025-71410 (GCVE-0-2025-71410)

CVE-2025-71411 (GCVE-0-2025-71411)

CVE-2025-71412 (GCVE-0-2025-71412)

CVE-2025-71413 (GCVE-0-2025-71413)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature