Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-113
AllowedImproper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives data from an HTTP agent/component (e.g., web server, proxy, browser, etc.), but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CR and LF characters before the data is included in outgoing HTTP headers.
177 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2022-20772 (GCVE-0-2022-20772)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-03 19:32 – Updated: 2024-10-25 16:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) and Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct an HTTP response splitting attack.
This vulnerability is due to the failure of the application or its environment to properly sanitize input values. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious HTTP headers, controlling the response body, or splitting the response into multiple responses.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Secure Email |
Affected:
13.5.1-277
Affected: 14.0.0-698 Affected: 14.2.0-620 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager |
Affected:
14.0.0-404
Affected: 14.1.0-223 Affected: 14.1.0-227 Affected: 14.2.0-212 |
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CVE-2022-3215 (GCVE-0-2022-3215)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-09-28 19:32 – Updated: 2025-05-20 20:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
NIOHTTP1 and projects using it for generating HTTP responses can be subject to a HTTP Response Injection attack. This occurs when a HTTP/1.1 server accepts user generated input from an incoming request and reflects it into a HTTP/1.1 response header in some form. A malicious user can add newlines to their input (usually in encoded form) and "inject" those newlines into the returned HTTP response. This capability allows users to work around security headers and HTTP/1.1 framing headers by injecting entirely false responses or other new headers. The injected false responses may also be treated as the response to subsequent requests, which can lead to XSS, cache poisoning, and a number of other flaws. This issue was resolved by adding validation to the HTTPHeaders type, ensuring that there's no whitespace incorrectly present in the HTTP headers provided by users. As the existing API surface is non-failable, all invalid characters are replaced by linear whitespace.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/apple/swift-nio/security/advis… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Swift Project | SwiftNIO |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 2.41.2
(custom)
|
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CVE-2021-40336 (GCVE-0-2021-40336)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-07-25 14:34 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTTP Response Splitting in Hitachi Energy’s MSM Product
Summary
A vulnerability exists in the http web interface where the web interface does not validate data in an HTTP header. This causes a possible HTTP response splitting, which if exploited could lead an attacker to channel down harmful code into the user’s web browser, such as to steal the session cookies. Thus, an attacker who successfully makes an MSM user who has already established a session to MSM web interface clicks a forged link to the MSM web interface, e.g., the link is sent per E-Mail, could trick the user into downloading malicious software onto his computer. This issue affects: Hitachi Energy MSM V2.2 and prior versions.
Severity
5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?Docu… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hitachi Energy | MSM |
Affected:
v2.2 , ≤ V2.2
(custom)
|
Date Public
2022-07-12 00:00
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CVE-2021-0268 (GCVE-0-2021-0268)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-22 19:37 – Updated: 2024-09-17 01:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Junos OS: J-Web has an Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in its HTTP Headers which allows an attacker to carry out multiple types of attacks.
Summary
An Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Response Splitting') weakness in J-web of Juniper Networks Junos OS leads to buffer overflows, segment faults, or other impacts, which allows an attacker to modify the integrity of the device and exfiltration information from the device without authentication. The weakness can be exploited to facilitate cross-site scripting (XSS), cookie manipulation (modifying session cookies, stealing cookies) and more. This weakness can also be exploited by directing a user to a seemingly legitimate link from the affected site. The attacker requires no special access or permissions to the device to carry out such attacks. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS: 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S11; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R3-S5; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R2-S4, 18.3R3-S3; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R2-S5, 18.4R3-S3; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R2-S2, 19.1R3-S2; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S5, 19.2R2; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R3; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R1-S3, 19.4R2, 19.4R3; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R1-S2, 20.1R2. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS versions prior to 18.1R1.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11159 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Unaffected:
unspecified , < 18.1R1
(custom)
Affected: 18.1 , < 18.1R3-S11 (custom) Affected: 18.2 , < 18.2R3-S5 (custom) Affected: 18.3 , < 18.3R2-S4, 18.3R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 18.4 , < 18.4R2-S5, 18.4R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 19.1 , < 19.1R2-S2, 19.1R3-S2 (custom) Affected: 19.2 , < 19.2R1-S5, 19.2R2 (custom) Affected: 19.3 , < 19.3R3 (custom) Affected: 19.4 , < 19.4R1-S3, 19.4R2, 19.4R3 (custom) Affected: 20.1 , < 20.1R1-S2, 20.1R2 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-04-14 00:00
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CVE-2020-10753 (GCVE-0-2020-10753)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-06-26 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-04 11:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A flaw was found in the Red Hat Ceph Storage RadosGW (Ceph Object Gateway). The vulnerability is related to the injection of HTTP headers via a CORS ExposeHeader tag. The newline character in the ExposeHeader tag in the CORS configuration file generates a header injection in the response when the CORS request is made. Ceph versions 3.x and 4.x are vulnerable to this issue.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2… | |
| http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-annou… | vendor-advisory |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisory |
| https://usn.ubuntu.com/4528-1/ | vendor-advisory |
| https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202105-39 | vendor-advisory |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021… | mailing-list |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023… | mailing-list |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ceph Storage |
Affected:
versions 3.x and 4.x
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CVE-2020-5249 (GCVE-0-2020-5249)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-03-02 15:20 – Updated: 2024-08-04 08:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTTP Response Splitting (Early Hints) in Puma
Summary
In Puma (RubyGem) before 4.3.3 and 3.12.4, if an application using Puma allows untrusted input in an early-hints header, an attacker can use a carriage return character to end the header and inject malicious content, such as additional headers or an entirely new response body. This vulnerability is known as HTTP Response Splitting. While not an attack in itself, response splitting is a vector for several other attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS). This is related to CVE-2020-5247, which fixed this vulnerability but only for regular responses. This has been fixed in 4.3.3 and 3.12.4.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/HTTP_Resp… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/c22712fc93284… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
Impacted products
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CVE-2020-5247 (GCVE-0-2020-5247)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-02-28 16:55 – Updated: 2024-08-04 08:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTTP Response Splitting in Puma
Summary
In Puma (RubyGem) before 4.3.2 and before 3.12.3, if an application using Puma allows untrusted input in a response header, an attacker can use newline characters (i.e. `CR`, `LF` or`/r`, `/n`) to end the header and inject malicious content, such as additional headers or an entirely new response body. This vulnerability is known as HTTP Response Splitting. While not an attack in itself, response splitting is a vector for several other attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS). This is related to CVE-2019-16254, which fixed this vulnerability for the WEBrick Ruby web server. This has been fixed in versions 4.3.2 and 3.12.3 by checking all headers for line endings and rejecting headers with those characters.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/HTTP_Resp… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2019/10/01/http… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022… | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
Impacted products
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CVE-2020-5216 (GCVE-0-2020-5216)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-01-23 02:30 – Updated: 2024-08-04 08:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Limited header injection when using dynamic overrides with user input in RubyGems secure_headers
Summary
In Secure Headers (RubyGem secure_headers), a directive injection vulnerability is present in versions before 3.9.0, 5.2.0, and 6.3.0. If user-supplied input was passed into append/override_content_security_policy_directives, a newline could be injected leading to limited header injection. Upon seeing a newline in the header, rails will silently create a new Content-Security-Policy header with the remaining value of the original string. It will continue to create new headers for each newline. This has been fixed in 6.3.0, 5.2.0, and 3.9.0.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Response Splitting')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/twitter/secure_headers/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/twitter/secure_headers/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| secure_headers |
Affected:
< 3.9.0
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.2.0 Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.3.0 |
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CVE-2020-3117 (GCVE-0-2020-3117)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-09-23 00:25 – Updated: 2024-11-13 18:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Web Security Appliance and Cisco Content Security Management Appliance HTTP Header Injection Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the API Framework of Cisco AsyncOS for Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA) and Cisco Content Security Management Appliance (SMA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to inject crafted HTTP headers in the web server's response. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to access a crafted URL and receive a malicious HTTP response. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to inject arbitrary HTTP headers into valid HTTP responses sent to a user's browser.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA) |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2020-01-22 00:00
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CVE-2019-25101 (GCVE-0-2019-25101)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-04 07:57 – Updated: 2024-08-05 03:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OnShift TurboGears HTTP Header controllers.py response splitting
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in OnShift TurboGears 1.0.11.10. This affects an unknown part of the file turbogears/controllers.py of the component HTTP Header Handler. The manipulation leads to http response splitting. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0.11.11 is able to address this issue. The patch is named f68bbaba47f4474e1da553aa51564a73e1d92a84. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-220059.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-113 - HTTP Response Splitting
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.220059 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.220059 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/OnShift/turbogears/pull/18 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/OnShift/turbogears/commit/f68b… | patch |
| https://github.com/OnShift/turbogears/releases/ta… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OnShift | TurboGears |
Affected:
1.0.11.10
|
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Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Construct HTTP headers very carefully, avoiding the use of non-validated input data.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. If an input does not strictly conform to specifications, reject it or transform it into something that conforms.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-30
Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-105: HTTP Request Splitting
An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to split a single HTTP request into multiple unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies
This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.
CAPEC-34: HTTP Response Splitting
An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content, in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server) or into an already spoofed HTTP response from an adversary controlled domain/site.
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.