CWE-434
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
CVE-2024-20296 (GCVE-0-2024-20296)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-17 16:28 – Updated: 2024-08-01 21:59
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to upload arbitrary files to an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need at least valid Policy Admin credentials on the affected device.
This vulnerability is due to improper validation of files that are uploaded to the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by uploading arbitrary files to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to store malicious files on the system, execute arbitrary commands on the operating system, and elevate privileges to root.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Identity Services Engine Software |
Affected:
2.7.0
Affected: 2.7.0 p1 Affected: 2.7.0 p2 Affected: 2.7.0 p3 Affected: 2.7.0 p4 Affected: 2.7.0 p5 Affected: 2.7.0 p6 Affected: 2.7.0 p7 Affected: 2.7.0 p8 Affected: 2.7.0 p9 Affected: 2.7.0 p10 Affected: 3.0.0 Affected: 3.0.0 p1 Affected: 3.0.0 p2 Affected: 3.0.0 p3 Affected: 3.0.0 p4 Affected: 3.0.0 p5 Affected: 3.0.0 p6 Affected: 3.0.0 p7 Affected: 3.0.0 p8 Affected: 3.1.0 Affected: 3.1.0 p1 Affected: 3.1.0 p3 Affected: 3.1.0 p2 Affected: 3.1.0 p4 Affected: 3.1.0 p5 Affected: 3.1.0 p6 Affected: 3.1.0 p7 Affected: 3.1.0 p8 Affected: 3.1.0 p9 Affected: 3.2.0 Affected: 3.2.0 p1 Affected: 3.2.0 p2 Affected: 3.2.0 p3 Affected: 3.2.0 p4 Affected: 3.2.0 p5 Affected: 3.2.0 p6 Affected: 3.3.0 |
|
| cisco | identity_services_engine_software |
Affected:
2.7.0
Affected: 2.7.0_p1 Affected: 2.7.0_p2 Affected: 2.7.0_p3 Affected: 2.7.0_p4 Affected: 2.7.0_p5 Affected: 2.7.0_p6 Affected: 2.7.0_p7 Affected: 2.7.0_p8 Affected: 2.7.0_p9 Affected: 2.7.0_p10 Affected: 3.0.0 Affected: 3.0.0_p1 Affected: 3.0.0_p2 Affected: 3.0.0_p3 Affected: 3.0.0_p4 Affected: 3.0.0_p5 Affected: 3.0.0_p6 Affected: 3.0.0_p7 Affected: 3.0.0_p8 Affected: 3.1.0 Affected: 3.1.0_p1 Affected: 3.1.0_p3 Affected: 3.1.0_p2 Affected: 3.1.0_p4 Affected: 3.1.0_p5 Affected: 3.1.0_p6 Affected: 3.1.0_p7 Affected: 3.1.0_p8 Affected: 3.1.0_p9 Affected: 3.2.0 Affected: 3.2.0_p1 Affected: 3.2.0_p2 Affected: 3.2.0_p3 Affected: 3.2.0_p4 Affected: 3.2.0_p5 Affected: 3.2.0_p6 Affected: 3.3.0 cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:2.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:2.7.0_p1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:2.7.0_p2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:2.7.0_p3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:2.7.0_p4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:2.7.0_p5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:2.7.0_p6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:2.7.0_p7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:2.7.0_p8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:2.7.0_p9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:2.7.0_p10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.0.0_p1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.0.0_p2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.0.0_p3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.0.0_p4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.0.0_p5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.0.0_p6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.0.0_p7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.0.0_p8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.1.0_p1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.1.0_p3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.1.0_p2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.1.0_p4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.1.0_p5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.1.0_p6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.1.0_p7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.1.0_p8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.1.0_p9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.2.0_p1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.2.0_p2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.2.0_p3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.2.0_p4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.2.0_p5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.2.0_p6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:cisco:identity_services_engine_software:3.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-2058 (GCVE-0-2024-2058)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-01 10:12 – Updated: 2024-08-12 15:49
VLAI
Title
SourceCodester Petrol Pump Management Software product.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Petrol Pump Management Software 1.0. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/app/product.php. The manipulation of the argument photo leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-255373 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.255373 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.255373 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/skid-nochizplz/skid-nochizplz/… | related |
| https://github.com/skid-nochizplz/skid-nochizplz/… | broken-linkexploit |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Petrol Pump Management Software |
Affected:
1.0
|
|
| sourcecodester | petrol_pump_management |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:petrol_pump_management:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-2059 (GCVE-0-2024-2059)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-01 11:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 19:03
VLAI
Title
SourceCodester Petrol Pump Management Software service_crud.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Petrol Pump Management Software 1.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/app/service_crud.php. The manipulation of the argument photo leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-255374 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.255374 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.255374 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/skid-nochizplz/skid-nochizplz/… | exploit |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Petrol Pump Management Software |
Affected:
1.0
|
|
| sourcecodester | petrol_pump_management |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:petrol_pump_management:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-2125 (GCVE-0-2024-2125)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-09 18:58 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:43
VLAI
Title
EnvíaloSimple: Email Marketing y Newsletters <= 2.3 - Cross-Site Request Forgery to Arbitrary File Upload
Summary
The EnvíaloSimple: Email Marketing y Newsletters plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 2.3. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the gallery_add function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload malicious files via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link. The Cross-Site Request Forgery was patched in 2.4, however, nothing was done about the ability to upload arbitrary files.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| dattateccom | EnvíaloSimple: Email Marketing y Newsletters |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.3
(semver)
|
|
| dattateccom | envialosimple_email_marketing_y_newsletters |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.3
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:dattateccom:envialosimple_email_marketing_y_newsletters:2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-2148 (GCVE-0-2024-2148)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-03 17:00 – Updated: 2024-08-08 18:29
VLAI
Title
SourceCodester Online Mobile Management Store Users.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in SourceCodester Online Mobile Management Store 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /classes/Users.php. The manipulation of the argument img leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-255501 was assigned to this vulnerability.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.255501 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.255501 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/vanitashtml/CVE-Dumps/blob/mai… | exploit |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Online Mobile Management Store |
Affected:
1.0
|
|
| sourcecodester | online_mobile_management_store |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:online_mobile_management_store:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-22135 (GCVE-0-2024-22135)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-24 11:51 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
Title
WordPress Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce Plugin <= 2.4.3 is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Upload
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in WebToffee Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce.This issue affects Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce: from n/a through 2.4.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/ord… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WebToffee | Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce |
Affected:
n/a , ≤ 2.4.3
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-22152 (GCVE-0-2024-22152)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-24 11:48 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
Title
WordPress Product Import Export for WooCommerce Plugin <= 2.3.7 is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Upload
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in WebToffee Product Import Export for WooCommerce.This issue affects Product Import Export for WooCommerce: from n/a through 2.3.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/pro… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WebToffee | Product Import Export for WooCommerce |
Affected:
n/a , ≤ 2.3.7
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-2221 (GCVE-0-2024-2221)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-10 17:07 – Updated: 2024-08-01 19:03
VLAI
Title
Path Traversal and Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in qdrant/qdrant
Summary
qdrant/qdrant is vulnerable to a path traversal and arbitrary file upload vulnerability via the `/collections/{COLLECTION}/snapshots/upload` endpoint, specifically through the `snapshot` parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to upload and overwrite any file on the filesystem, leading to potential remote code execution. This issue affects the integrity and availability of the system, enabling unauthorized access and potentially causing the server to malfunction.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| qdrant | qdrant/qdrant |
Affected:
unspecified , < 1.8.0
(custom)
|
|
| qdrant | qdrant |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.8.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:qdrant:qdrant:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-22393 (GCVE-0-2024-22393)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-22 09:51 – Updated: 2025-04-22 16:20
VLAI
Title
Apache Answer: Pixel Flood Attack by uploading the large pixel file
Summary
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Apache Answer.This issue affects Apache Answer: through 1.2.1.
Pixel Flood Attack by uploading large pixel files will cause server out of memory. A logged-in user can cause such an attack by uploading an image when posting content.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version [1.2.5], which fixes the issue.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Answer |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.2.1
(semver)
|
|
| apache_software_foundation | apache_answer |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.2.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:apache_software_foundation:apache_answer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-22426 (GCVE-0-2024-22426)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-16 11:20 – Updated: 2024-08-29 12:55
VLAI
Summary
Dell RecoverPoint for Virtual Machines 5.3.x, 6.0.SP1 contains an OS Command injection vulnerability. An unauthenticated remote attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to execute arbitrary operating system commands, which will get executed in the context of the root user, resulting in a complete system compromise.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00022213… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00022815… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dell | RecoverPoint for VMs |
Affected:
5.3 SP2
Affected: 5.3 SP2 P1 Affected: 5.3 SP2 P2 Affected: 5.3 SP2 P4 Affected: 5.3 SP3 P1 Affected: 5.3 SP3 P2 Affected: 6.0.SP1 |
|
| dell | recoverpoint_for_virtual_machines |
Affected:
5.3_sp2
Affected: 5.3_sp2_p1 Affected: 5.3_sp2_p2 Affected: 5.3_sp2_p4 Affected: 5.3_sp3_p1 Affected: 5.3_sp3_p2 cpe:2.3:a:dell:recoverpoint_for_virtual_machines:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-02-16 06:30
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation ID: MIT-21
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.