CWE-94
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
CVE-2024-28119 (GCVE-0-2024-28119)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-21 22:02 – Updated: 2024-08-21 22:55
VLAI
Title
Grav vulnerable to Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) via Twig escape handler
Summary
Grav is an open-source, flat-file content management system. Prior to version 1.7.45, due to the unrestricted access to twig extension class from grav context, an attacker can redefine the escape function and execute arbitrary commands. Twig processing of static pages can be enabled in the front matter by any administrative user allowed to create or edit pages. As the Twig processor runs unsandboxed, this behavior can be used to gain arbitrary code execution and elevate privileges on the instance. Version 1.7.45 contains a patch for this issue.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/de1ccfa12d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/twigphp/Twig/blob/3.x/src/Exte… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-28253 (GCVE-0-2024-28253)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-15 19:55 – Updated: 2024-08-28 16:21
VLAI
Title
SpEL Injection in `PUT /api/v1/policies` in OpenMetadata
Summary
OpenMetadata is a unified platform for discovery, observability, and governance powered by a central metadata repository, in-depth lineage, and seamless team collaboration. `CompiledRule::validateExpression` is also called from `PolicyRepository.prepare`. `prepare()` is called from `EntityRepository.prepareInternal()` which, in turn, gets called from `EntityResource.createOrUpdate()`. Note that even though there is an authorization check (`authorizer.authorize()`), it gets called after `prepareInternal()` gets called and therefore after the SpEL expression has been evaluated. In order to reach this method, an attacker can send a PUT request to `/api/v1/policies` which gets handled by `PolicyResource.createOrUpdate()`. This vulnerability was discovered with the help of CodeQL's Expression language injection (Spring) query and is also tracked as `GHSL-2023-252`. This issue may lead to Remote Code Execution and has been addressed in version 1.3.1. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/java/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blo… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blo… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blo… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blo… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| open-metadata | OpenMetadata |
Affected:
< 1.3.1
|
|
| openmetadata | openmetadata |
Affected:
0 , < 1.3.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:openmetadata:openmetadata:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-28847 (GCVE-0-2024-28847)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-15 19:55 – Updated: 2024-08-27 19:40
VLAI
Title
SpEL Injection in `PUT /api/v1/events/subscriptions` in OpenMetadata
Summary
OpenMetadata is a unified platform for discovery, observability, and governance powered by a central metadata repository, in-depth lineage, and seamless team collaboration. Similarly to the GHSL-2023-250 issue, `AlertUtil::validateExpression` is also called from `EventSubscriptionRepository.prepare()`, which can lead to Remote Code Execution. `prepare()` is called from `EntityRepository.prepareInternal()` which, in turn, gets called from `EntityResource.createOrUpdate()`. Note that, even though there is an authorization check (`authorizer.authorize()`), it gets called after `prepareInternal()` gets called and, therefore, after the SpEL expression has been evaluated. In order to reach this method, an attacker can send a PUT request to `/api/v1/events/subscriptions` which gets handled by `EventSubscriptionResource.createOrUpdateEventSubscription()`. This vulnerability was discovered with the help of CodeQL's Expression language injection (Spring) query. This issue may lead to Remote Code Execution and has been addressed in version 1.2.4. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability. This issue is also tracked as `GHSL-2023-251`.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/java/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blo… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blo… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blo… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blo… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| open-metadata | OpenMetadata |
Affected:
< 1.2.4
|
|
| openmetadata | openmetadata |
Affected:
0 , < 1.2.4
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:openmetadata:openmetadata:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-28848 (GCVE-0-2024-28848)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-15 19:55 – Updated: 2024-08-13 17:08
VLAI
Title
SpEL Injection in `GET /api/v1/policies/validation/condition/<expr>` in OpenMetadata
Summary
OpenMetadata is a unified platform for discovery, observability, and governance powered by a central metadata repository, in-depth lineage, and seamless team collaboration. The `CompiledRule::validateExpression` method evaluates an SpEL expression using an `StandardEvaluationContext`, allowing the expression to reach and interact with Java classes such as `java.lang.Runtime`, leading to Remote Code Execution. The `/api/v1/policies/validation/condition/<expression>` endpoint passes user-controlled data `CompiledRule::validateExpession` allowing authenticated (non-admin) users to execute arbitrary system commands on the underlaying operating system. In addition, there is a missing authorization check since `Authorizer.authorize()` is never called in the affected path and therefore any authenticated non-admin user is able to trigger this endpoint and evaluate arbitrary SpEL expressions leading to arbitrary command execution. This vulnerability was discovered with the help of CodeQL's Expression language injection (Spring) query and is also tracked as `GHSL-2023-236`. This issue may lead to Remote Code Execution and has been resolved in version 1.2.4. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/java/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blo… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blo… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| open-metadata | OpenMetadata |
Affected:
< 1.2.4
|
|
| openmetadata | openmetadata |
Affected:
0 , < 1.2.4
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:openmetadata:openmetadata:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-29014 (GCVE-0-2024-29014)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-18 07:37 – Updated: 2024-11-27 04:55
VLAI
Summary
Vulnerability in SonicWall SMA100 NetExtender Windows (32 and 64-bit) client 10.2.339 and earlier versions allows an attacker to arbitrary code execution when processing an EPC Client update.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SN… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SonicWall | NetExtender |
Affected:
10.2.339 and earlier versions
|
|
| sonicwall | netextender |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 10.2.339
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:sonicwall:netextender:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-07-18 06:34
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CVE-2024-29178 (GCVE-0-2024-29178)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-18 11:15 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:47
VLAI
Title
Apache StreamPark: FreeMarker SSTI RCE Vulnerability
Summary
On versions before 2.1.4, a user could log in and perform a template injection attack resulting in Remote Code Execution on the server, The attacker must successfully log into the system to launch an attack, so this is a moderate-impact vulnerability.
Mitigation:
all users should upgrade to 2.1.4
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache StreamPark |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 2.1.4
(semver)
|
|
| apache | streampark |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 2.1.4
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:apache:streampark:1.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-29201 (GCVE-0-2024-29201)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-29 14:57 – Updated: 2025-03-25 19:38
VLAI
Title
JumpServer's insecure Ansible playbook validation leads to RCE in Celery
Summary
JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. Attackers can bypass the input validation mechanism in JumpServer's Ansible to execute arbitrary code within the Celery container. Since the Celery container runs with root privileges and has database access, attackers could steal sensitive information from all hosts or manipulate the database. This vulnerability is fixed in v3.10.7.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/diving-into-jump… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jumpserver | jumpserver |
Affected:
>= 3.0.0, <= 3.10.6
|
|
| fit2cloud | jumpserver |
Affected:
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cpe:2.3:a:fit2cloud:jumpserver:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-29202 (GCVE-0-2024-29202)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-29 14:57 – Updated: 2025-03-25 19:57
VLAI
Title
JumpServer vulnerable to Jinja2 template injection in Ansible leads to RCE in Celery
Summary
JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. Attackers can exploit a Jinja2 template injection vulnerability in JumpServer's Ansible to execute arbitrary code within the Celery container. Since the Celery container runs with root privileges and has database access, attackers could steal sensitive information from all hosts or manipulate the database. This vulnerability is fixed in v3.10.7.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/diving-into-jump… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jumpserver | jumpserver |
Affected:
>= 3.0.0, <= 3.10.6
|
|
| fit2cloud | jumpserver |
Affected:
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CVE-2024-29991 (GCVE-0-2024-29991)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-19 16:46 – Updated: 2025-05-03 00:40
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 124.0.2478.51
(custom)
|
Date Public
2024-04-19 07:00
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CVE-2024-3098 (GCVE-0-2024-3098)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-10 17:07 – Updated: 2024-08-01 19:32
VLAI
Title
Prompt Injection leading to Arbitrary Code Execution in run-llama/llama_index
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in the `exec_utils` class of the `llama_index` package, specifically within the `safe_eval` function, allowing for prompt injection leading to arbitrary code execution. This issue arises due to insufficient validation of input, which can be exploited to bypass method restrictions and execute unauthorized code. The vulnerability is a bypass of the previously addressed CVE-2023-39662, demonstrated through a proof of concept that creates a file on the system by exploiting the flaw.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| run-llama | run-llama/llama_index |
Affected:
unspecified , < 0.10.24
(custom)
|
|
| run-llama | llama_index |
Affected:
0 , < 0.10.24
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:run-llama:llama_index:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"cpe:2.3:a:run-llama:llama_index:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
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"product": "llama_index",
"vendor": "run-llama",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
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"metrics": [
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"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-3098",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
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"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-07-25T19:07:30.673987Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
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"dateUpdated": "2024-07-26T16:14:32.833Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-01T19:32:42.914Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
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"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/1bce0d61-ad03-4b22-bc32-8f99f92974e7"
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"url": "https://github.com/run-llama/llama_index/commit/5fbcb5a8b9f20f81b791c7fc8849e352613ab475"
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"title": "CVE Program Container"
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"cna": {
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"vendor": "run-llama",
"versions": [
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"version": "unspecified",
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"descriptions": [
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"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was identified in the `exec_utils` class of the `llama_index` package, specifically within the `safe_eval` function, allowing for prompt injection leading to arbitrary code execution. This issue arises due to insufficient validation of input, which can be exploited to bypass method restrictions and execute unauthorized code. The vulnerability is a bypass of the previously addressed CVE-2023-39662, demonstrated through a proof of concept that creates a file on the system by exploiting the flaw."
}
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"cvssV3_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.0"
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"descriptions": [
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"description": "CWE-94 Improper Control of Generation of Code",
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{
"url": "https://github.com/run-llama/llama_index/commit/5fbcb5a8b9f20f81b791c7fc8849e352613ab475"
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"source": {
"advisory": "1bce0d61-ad03-4b22-bc32-8f99f92974e7",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
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"title": "Prompt Injection leading to Arbitrary Code Execution in run-llama/llama_index"
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"datePublished": "2024-04-10T17:07:56.501Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-03-29T17:32:52.425Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-01T19:32:42.914Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Refactoring
Description:
- Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Phase: Testing
Description:
- Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation ID: MIT-32
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Description:
- Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation ID: MIT-32
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.