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CVE-2026-89488 (GCVE-0-2026-89488)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-11 19:43 – Updated: 2026-09-14 12:00
VLAI
Title
openvswitch: Fix CT limit teardown use-after-free
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: openvswitch: Fix CT limit teardown use-after-free Packet processing uses CT limit state under RCU, while netns teardown frees that state under ovs_mutex. The CT limit pointer was neither removed from readers nor protected by a grace period, allowing packet processing to dereference the freed state. An unprivileged user can trigger this bug from a user and network namespace, causing a slab-use-after-free in ovs_ct_execute() when the netns is torn down. Publish the CT limit pointer through RCU, remove it before teardown, and wait for readers before freeing its contents. Keep ovs_mutex around individual CT limit updates, and use the RCU read-side lock while GET traverses the RCU-protected limit lists. Netns teardown detaches the RCU-protected CT limit state in the pernet .pre_exit callback while holding ovs_mutex. The pernet core guarantees an RCU grace period between the .pre_exit and .exit callbacks, so the .exit callback completes the teardown without adding any extra synchronization. The netlink command handlers do not need NULL checks because the userspace netlink socket holds an active reference to its network namespace while a request is processed. The per-netns exit path therefore cannot run concurrently with SET, DEL, or GET for that socket's namespace.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1 , < 239f26589a6926db28c436e14f28517581ef1385 (git)
Affected: 11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1 , < 3b9369881b403f4cdbb11fa998554382bdcc3d8c (git)
Affected: 11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1 , < 3b41d907400cc1dd1da9555b81dca422b1f44433 (git)
Affected: 11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1 , < 680f20d5937fa4d1367c59fe83091b78041015f5 (git)
Affected: 11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1 , < bf4aaa7ea2579e24ed7de2e20578a875bebca011 (git)
Affected: 11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1 , < e15407c3a8a005324f633cd46cd8fb58042c1157 (git)
Affected: 11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1 , < 6a6d36fadb8537d9b79e72c9fa51885ec0c33e10 (git)
Affected: 11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1 , < 403f96c32c9e24600093d7d0c61c17daeedca957 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.18
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.18 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.270 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.221 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.188 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.157 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.110 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.51 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2.4 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.3-rc1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nopenvswitch: Fix CT limit teardown use-after-free\n\nPacket processing uses CT limit state under RCU, while netns teardown\nfrees that state under ovs_mutex. The CT limit pointer was neither removed\nfrom readers nor protected by a grace period, allowing packet processing to\ndereference the freed state.\n\nAn unprivileged user can trigger this bug from a user and network\nnamespace, causing a slab-use-after-free in ovs_ct_execute() when the\nnetns is torn down.\n\nPublish the CT limit pointer through RCU, remove it before teardown, and\nwait for readers before freeing its contents. Keep ovs_mutex around\nindividual CT limit updates, and use the RCU read-side lock while GET\ntraverses the RCU-protected limit lists.\n\nNetns teardown detaches the RCU-protected CT limit state in the pernet\n.pre_exit callback while holding ovs_mutex.  The pernet core guarantees an\nRCU grace period between the .pre_exit and .exit callbacks, so the .exit\ncallback completes the teardown without adding any extra synchronization.\n\nThe netlink command handlers do not need NULL checks because the userspace\nnetlink socket holds an active reference to its network namespace while a\nrequest is processed. The per-netns exit path therefore cannot run\nconcurrently with SET, DEL, or GET for that socket\u0027s namespace."
        }
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      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The UAF is reached from the OVS datapath CT commit path (ovs_ct_execute/ovs_ct_check_limit) while the attacker\u0027s netns is torn down. Setup uses local genetlink (datapath, CT flow, CT_LIMIT SET) and packet injection via a vport (veth/TUN/internal) or OVS_PACKET_CMD_EXECUTE; this is not a remotely triggered protocol parser.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: they enable CT limits, install a CT-commit flow, inject packets so ovs_ct_check_limit runs under RCU, and destroy the netns so ovs_ct_limit_exit kfree()s the same object without a grace period. Success does not depend on victim-only timing.\nPR:L - OVS genetlink families are netnsok and use GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM, so CAP_NET_ADMIN is checked in the socket\u0027s user namespace (unshare -Urn). The fix commit states an unprivileged user can trigger the slab-use-after-free from a user and network namespace.\nUI:N - Exploitation needs only the attacker\u0027s own netlink setup, packet injection, and netns teardown. No victim action such as mounting a filesystem, opening a file, or clicking a prompt is required.\nS:U - This is kernel slab use-after-free in the host Open vSwitch datapath. Impact stays in the same kernel security authority and is not a VM escape, IOMMU/DMA bypass, or other cross-boundary compromise.\nC:H - ovs_ct_check_limit/ct_limit_get dereference freed ovs_ct_limit_info and walk its kmalloc\u0027d limits hlist after ovs_ct_limit_exit kfree()s them, a slab UAF that can be reclaimed and used for arbitrary kernel reads.\nI:H - With a finite zone limit, nf_conncount_count_skb() inserts into nf_conncount_data after nf_conncount_destroy(); combined with UAF of the limits table this is a write-after-free/heap primitive that can be turned into arbitrary write or control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The commit reports a slab-use-after-free in ovs_ct_execute() on netns teardown. UAF of CT-limit and conncount objects can oops/panic the kernel even when not fully exploited for code execution."
            }
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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Keep ovs_mutex around\\nindividual CT limit updates, and use the RCU read-side lock while GET\\ntraverses the RCU-protected limit lists.\\n\\nNetns teardown detaches the RCU-protected CT limit state in the pernet\\n.pre_exit callback while holding ovs_mutex.  The pernet core guarantees an\\nRCU grace period between the .pre_exit and .exit callbacks, so the .exit\\ncallback completes the teardown without adding any extra synchronization.\\n\\nThe netlink command handlers do not need NULL checks because the userspace\\nnetlink socket holds an active reference to its network namespace while a\\nrequest is processed. The per-netns exit path therefore cannot run\\nconcurrently with SET, DEL, or GET for that socket\u0027s namespace.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/openvswitch/conntrack.c\",\"net/openvswitch/conntrack.h\",\"net/openvswitch/datapath.c\",\"net/openvswitch/datapath.h\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1\",\"lessThan\":\"239f26589a6926db28c436e14f28517581ef1385\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1\",\"lessThan\":\"3b9369881b403f4cdbb11fa998554382bdcc3d8c\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1\",\"lessThan\":\"3b41d907400cc1dd1da9555b81dca422b1f44433\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1\",\"lessThan\":\"680f20d5937fa4d1367c59fe83091b78041015f5\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1\",\"lessThan\":\"bf4aaa7ea2579e24ed7de2e20578a875bebca011\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1\",\"lessThan\":\"e15407c3a8a005324f633cd46cd8fb58042c1157\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1\",\"lessThan\":\"6a6d36fadb8537d9b79e72c9fa51885ec0c33e10\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"11efd5cb04a184eea4f57b68ea63dddd463158d1\",\"lessThan\":\"403f96c32c9e24600093d7d0c61c17daeedca957\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/openvswitch/conntrack.c\",\"net/openvswitch/conntrack.h\",\"net/openvswitch/datapath.c\",\"net/openvswitch/datapath.h\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.18\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.18\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.270\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.221\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.188\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.157\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.110\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.51\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.2.4\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"7.2.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.3-rc1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/239f26589a6926db28c436e14f28517581ef1385\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3b41d907400cc1dd1da9555b81dca422b1f44433\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3b9369881b403f4cdbb11fa998554382bdcc3d8c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/403f96c32c9e24600093d7d0c61c17daeedca957\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/680f20d5937fa4d1367c59fe83091b78041015f5\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a6d36fadb8537d9b79e72c9fa51885ec0c33e10\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bf4aaa7ea2579e24ed7de2e20578a875bebca011\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e15407c3a8a005324f633cd46cd8fb58042c1157\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-13T06:56:22+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-89488",
      "id": "CVE-2026-89488",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-11T19:43:41.471000+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "2",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: Linux kernel: Open vSwitch use-after-free vulnerability leading to denial of service",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-89488.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-16T00:03:01Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-89488",
      "id": "CVE-2026-89488",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-16T00:03:01Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "314",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "39",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-89488",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-89488.json",
      "version": "2"
    }
  }
}



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Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.