CVE-2026-98549 (GCVE-0-2026-98549)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-18 15:18 – Updated: 2026-10-30 12:38
VLAI
Title
tcp: prevent collapsing skbs across boundary in rtx queue
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tcp: prevent collapsing skbs across boundary in rtx queue tcp_write_collapse_fence() sets TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->eor = 1 on tcp_write_queue_tail(sk) to prevent skbs queued after a switch to device encryption from being collapsed into earlier skbs. The fence is a no-op if all earlier data has already been transmitted when the switch happens: sk->sk_write_queue is empty. The not yet acknowledged earlier skbs wait in sk->tcp_rtx_queue with eor 0. On a subsequent retransmit or SACK shift, tcp_retrans_try_collapse() or tcp_shift_skb_data() can then merge an skb queued after the switch into one queued before it. Both users of the fence are affected: - psp: devices only encrypt skbs with skb->decrypted set. The merged skb keeps decrypted = 0 from the earlier skb, so merged data sent after psp_sock_assoc_set_tx() is retransmitted in cleartext. - tls device offload: the merged skb straddles the start marker set in tls_set_device_offload(). The software fallback (fill_sg_in() returns -EINVAL) and the mlx5, nfp and funeth drivers cannot handle such an skb and drop it. Every retransmit rebuilds the same skb, so the connection stalls. Fix this in two places, for defense in depth: 1. Fall back to tcp_rtx_queue_tail(sk) in tcp_write_collapse_fence() when tcp_write_queue_tail(sk) is NULL. 2. Check !skb_cmp_decrypted(to, from) in tcp_skb_can_collapse(), as tcp_skb_can_collapse_rx() does on receive. skb_shift(), which both collapse paths call, already has a DEBUG_NET_WARN_ON_ONCE() for this condition.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7033 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: e8f69799810c32dd40c6724d829eccc70baad07f , < bf785a303e5faad16439c563826a07cb811856c8 (git)
Affected: e8f69799810c32dd40c6724d829eccc70baad07f , < 7061aafc680e14e22b191f178b768886475f8524 (git)
Affected: e8f69799810c32dd40c6724d829eccc70baad07f , < 533344a00ad968181e60d0980c076a9d0de57482 (git)
Affected: e8f69799810c32dd40c6724d829eccc70baad07f , < 9e2a2f98e8c0197108c6d97a1fa43bfd89071c30 (git)
Affected: e8f69799810c32dd40c6724d829eccc70baad07f , < 1ae7aee395245874d797890380d9192bd858fb7e (git)
Affected: e8f69799810c32dd40c6724d829eccc70baad07f , < 7ba87509c54cd519e7ed362e0c85e8431f066a18 (git)
Affected: e8f69799810c32dd40c6724d829eccc70baad07f , < 08e835f5ec6e261c79d8c39f8618b3af29e3b0da (git)
Affected: e8f69799810c32dd40c6724d829eccc70baad07f , < fc6d80eb504458d6416b75a94188b268c95c6533 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.18
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.18 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.273 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.224 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.191 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.160 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.112 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.55 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2.9 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.3 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
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          "programFiles": [
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      "cpeApplicability": [
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.273",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.18",
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntcp: prevent collapsing skbs across boundary in rtx queue\n\ntcp_write_collapse_fence() sets TCP_SKB_CB(skb)-\u003eeor = 1 on\ntcp_write_queue_tail(sk) to prevent skbs queued after a switch to\ndevice encryption from being collapsed into earlier skbs.\n\nThe fence is a no-op if all earlier data has already been transmitted\nwhen the switch happens: sk-\u003esk_write_queue is empty. The not yet\nacknowledged earlier skbs wait in sk-\u003etcp_rtx_queue with eor 0.\n\nOn a subsequent retransmit or SACK shift, tcp_retrans_try_collapse() or\ntcp_shift_skb_data() can then merge an skb queued after the switch into\none queued before it.\n\nBoth users of the fence are affected:\n\n- psp: devices only encrypt skbs with skb-\u003edecrypted set. The merged skb\n  keeps decrypted = 0 from the earlier skb, so merged data sent after\n  psp_sock_assoc_set_tx() is retransmitted in cleartext.\n\n- tls device offload: the merged skb straddles the start marker set in\n  tls_set_device_offload(). The software fallback (fill_sg_in() returns\n  -EINVAL) and the mlx5, nfp and funeth drivers cannot handle such an\n  skb and drop it. Every retransmit rebuilds the same skb, so the\n  connection stalls.\n\nFix this in two places, for defense in depth:\n\n1. Fall back to tcp_rtx_queue_tail(sk) in tcp_write_collapse_fence()\n   when tcp_write_queue_tail(sk) is NULL.\n\n2. Check !skb_cmp_decrypted(to, from) in tcp_skb_can_collapse(), as\n   tcp_skb_can_collapse_rx() does on receive. skb_shift(), which both\n   collapse paths call, already has a DEBUG_NET_WARN_ON_ONCE() for this\n   condition."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
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            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - A TCP ACK carrying attacker-controlled SACK blocks enters tcp_v4_rcv() and follows tcp_rcv_established()-\u003etcp_ack()-\u003etcp_sacktag_write_queue()-\u003etcp_shift_skb_data()-\u003etcp_skb_can_collapse(); withholding ACKs also reaches tcp_retrans_try_collapse() through the retransmission timer over routable IP.\nAC:L - A peer can complete a TLS 1.2 handshake while leaving the last server flight unacknowledged, so tls_set_device_offload()-\u003etcp_write_collapse_fence() sees an empty write queue but a live rtx tail; the peer then deterministically causes collapse using SACKs or an RTO, without a race.\nPR:N - tcp_v4_rcv() processes valid ACK/SACK packets for an established socket without a capability or application-authentication check; an ordinary peer of a public kTLS service therefore needs no victim-host privileges.\nUI:N - Once tls_set_device_offload() or psp_sock_assoc_set_tx() installs transmit state, TCP processes the peer\u0027s ACK/SACK pattern and retransmission timer automatically, requiring no victim-user action.\nS:U - The faulty tcp_skb_can_collapse()/skb_shift() merge affects the same host kernel\u0027s TCP encryption-offload state and does not cross a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox security boundary.\nC:H - tcp_shift_skb_data() can move post-PSP fragments into a pre-PSP skb that retains decrypted=0; psp_skb_get_assoc_rcu() then returns NULL, bypassing mlx5e_psp_handle_tx_skb() and exposing arbitrary post-key stream contents in cleartext.\nI:N - The merge changes skb offload classification but not payload bytes; the paths either transmit those bytes unchanged or drop the skb, with no memory corruption or accepted attacker-controlled modification.\nA:H - fill_sg_in() returns -EINVAL for a kTLS skb spanning the start marker, and mlx5e_ktls_handle_tx_skb(), nfp_net_tls_tx(), and fun_tls_tx() drop it; every retransmission reuses the same merged skb, so the affected connection cannot progress and is lost."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:38:24.928Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bf785a303e5faad16439c563826a07cb811856c8"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7061aafc680e14e22b191f178b768886475f8524"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/533344a00ad968181e60d0980c076a9d0de57482"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9e2a2f98e8c0197108c6d97a1fa43bfd89071c30"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ae7aee395245874d797890380d9192bd858fb7e"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7ba87509c54cd519e7ed362e0c85e8431f066a18"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/08e835f5ec6e261c79d8c39f8618b3af29e3b0da"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fc6d80eb504458d6416b75a94188b268c95c6533"
        }
      ],
      "title": "tcp: prevent collapsing skbs across boundary in rtx queue",
      "x_generator": {
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      }
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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-98549",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-18T15:18:17.361Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:25:14.356Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:38:24.928Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-98549",
      "date": "2026-10-31",
      "epss": "0.00559",
      "percentile": "0.4657"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-21T18:39:31.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-98549",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2026-98549",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-10-20T01:01:58.000Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "1",
      "product_status:under_investigation": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "tcp: prevent collapsing skbs across boundary in rtx queue",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-98549.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
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                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.18.55",
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                    "status": "unaffected",
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                    "version": "7.3",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntcp: prevent collapsing skbs across boundary in rtx queue\n\ntcp_write_collapse_fence() sets TCP_SKB_CB(skb)-\u003eeor = 1 on\ntcp_write_queue_tail(sk) to prevent skbs queued after a switch to\ndevice encryption from being collapsed into earlier skbs.\n\nThe fence is a no-op if all earlier data has already been transmitted\nwhen the switch happens: sk-\u003esk_write_queue is empty. The not yet\nacknowledged earlier skbs wait in sk-\u003etcp_rtx_queue with eor 0.\n\nOn a subsequent retransmit or SACK shift, tcp_retrans_try_collapse() or\ntcp_shift_skb_data() can then merge an skb queued after the switch into\none queued before it.\n\nBoth users of the fence are affected:\n\n- psp: devices only encrypt skbs with skb-\u003edecrypted set. The merged skb\n  keeps decrypted = 0 from the earlier skb, so merged data sent after\n  psp_sock_assoc_set_tx() is retransmitted in cleartext.\n\n- tls device offload: the merged skb straddles the start marker set in\n  tls_set_device_offload(). The software fallback (fill_sg_in() returns\n  -EINVAL) and the mlx5, nfp and funeth drivers cannot handle such an\n  skb and drop it. Every retransmit rebuilds the same skb, so the\n  connection stalls.\n\nFix this in two places, for defense in depth:\n\n1. Fall back to tcp_rtx_queue_tail(sk) in tcp_write_collapse_fence()\n   when tcp_write_queue_tail(sk) is NULL.\n\n2. Check !skb_cmp_decrypted(to, from) in tcp_skb_can_collapse(), as\n   tcp_skb_can_collapse_rx() does on receive. skb_shift(), which both\n   collapse paths call, already has a DEBUG_NET_WARN_ON_ONCE() for this\n   condition."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-98549",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-30T13:21:15.940",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.1,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 5.2,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-10-18T16:17:06.913",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/08e835f5ec6e261c79d8c39f8618b3af29e3b0da"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ae7aee395245874d797890380d9192bd858fb7e"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/533344a00ad968181e60d0980c076a9d0de57482"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7061aafc680e14e22b191f178b768886475f8524"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7ba87509c54cd519e7ed362e0c85e8431f066a18"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9e2a2f98e8c0197108c6d97a1fa43bfd89071c30"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bf785a303e5faad16439c563826a07cb811856c8"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fc6d80eb504458d6416b75a94188b268c95c6533"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-30T07:02:35+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-98549",
      "id": "CVE-2026-98549",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-10-18T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "237",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: tcp: prevent collapsing skbs across boundary in rtx queue",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-98549.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-21T16:54:44Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-98549",
      "id": "CVE-2026-98549",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-10-21T16:54:44Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "342",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "6",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-98549",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/2026/cve-2026-98549.json",
      "version": "2"
    }
  }
}



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Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

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How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

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    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.