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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nblk-mq: pop cached request if it is usable\n\nWhen submitting a bio to blk-mq, if the task should sleep after peeking\na cached request, but before it pops it, the plug flushes and calls\nblk_mq_free_plug_rqs, freeing the cached_rqs. This creates a\nuse-after-free bug. Fix this by popping the cached request before any\npossible blocking calls if it is suitable for use.\n\nPopping this request first holds a queue reference, so avoid any\nserialization races with queue freezes and can safely proceed with\ndispatching that request to the driver. This potentially increases a\ntiming window from when a driver wants to freeze its queue to when\nrequests stop being dispatched. That scenario is off the fast path\nthough, and drivers need to appropriately handle requests during a\nfreeze request anyway.\n\nThe downside is the popped element needs to be individually freed when\nwe performed a bio plug merge. The cached request would have had to be\nfreed later anyway, but this patch does it inline with building the plug\nlist instead of after flushing it."
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              "value": "AV:L - The bug is in `blk_mq_submit_bio()`, reached from local block I/O submission (`submit_bio` via read/write, filesystem I/O, or io_uring). Reliable exploitation requires a `blk_plug` with populated `cached_rqs`, which occurs when io_uring submits batches of 3+ plugged read/write operations (`blk_start_plug_nr_ios`); remote-only paths like nfsd/ksmbd/nvmet typically use `blk_start_plug()` with `nr_ios=1` and do not populate the cached-request list needed to hit the peek-without-pop window.\nAC:L - An attacker controls both sides of the race by batching io_uring I/O and inducing a sleep between peek and pop (e.g., memory pressure during bio split/allocation, or `bio_integrity_prep()` blocking on PI-capable enterprise/cloud NVMe). Plug flush on any schedule is deterministic kernel behavior, not an uncontrollable environmental condition.\nPR:L - Triggering requires only an unprivileged local process able to perform block-backed I/O (normal file read/write or io_uring readv/writev to accessible storage); no root, `CAP_SYS_ADMIN`, or special kernel capabilities are needed beyond standard filesystem/device access available to any local user.\nUI:N - Exploitation is driven entirely by the attacker\u0027s own I/O submissions through io_uring or direct block I/O; no action by another user or administrator is required.\nS:U - Impact is confined to kernel memory via a block-layer use-after-free on `struct request`; this is standard kernel privilege escalation territory and does not cross a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox security boundary.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free of a `struct request` object; the attacker can influence post-free heap contents and dereference freed fields (`rq-\u003eq`, `rq-\u003emq_hctx`, `rq-\u003ebio`), enabling arbitrary kernel memory read primitives.\nI:H - UAF on `struct request` permits controlled writes through subsequent use of the dangling object (`rq-\u003ecmd_flags`, `queuelist`, bio attachment in `blk_mq_bio_to_request`), enabling heap corruption and potential arbitrary code execution in kernel context.\nA:H - The freed request is dereferenced during `blk_mq_use_cached_rq()` and subsequent request setup, causing kernel oops/panic; even without full exploitation, UAF reliably threatens system availability."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ni2c: stub: Reject I2C block transfers with invalid length\n\nThe I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA case in stub_xfer() uses data-\u003eblock[0]\nas the transfer length. The existing check only clamps it to avoid\noverrunning the chip-\u003ewords[256] register array, but does not validate\nit against I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX (32), which is the limit of the union\ni2c_smbus_data.block buffer (34 bytes total). The driver is a\ndevelopment/test tool (CONFIG_I2C_STUB=m, not built by default)\nthat must be loaded with a chip_addr= parameter.\n\nA local user with access to /dev/i2c-* can issue an I2C_SMBUS ioctl\nwith I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA and data-\u003eblock[0] \u003e 32, causing\nstub_xfer() to read or write past the end of the union\ni2c_smbus_data.block buffer:\n\n BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in stub_xfer (drivers/i2c/i2c-stub.c:223)\n Read of size 1 at addr ffff88800abcfd92 by task exploit/81\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  stub_xfer (drivers/i2c/i2c-stub.c:223)\n  __i2c_smbus_xfer (drivers/i2c/i2c-core-smbus.c:593)\n  i2c_smbus_xfer (drivers/i2c/i2c-core-smbus.c:536)\n  i2cdev_ioctl_smbus (drivers/i2c/i2c-dev.c:391)\n  i2cdev_ioctl (drivers/i2c/i2c-dev.c:478)\n  __x64_sys_ioctl (fs/ioctl.c:583)\n  do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94)\n  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:130)\n  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nThe bug exists because i2c-stub implements .smbus_xfer directly,\nbypassing the I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX validation in\ni2c_smbus_xfer_emulated(). The I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA case in the same\nfunction correctly validates against I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX, but the\nI2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA case does not.\n\nFix by rejecting transfers with data-\u003eblock[0] == 0 or\ndata-\u003eblock[0] \u003e I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX with -EINVAL, consistent with\nboth the I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA case in the same function and the\nI2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA validation in i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated()."
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached by a local process issuing I2C_SMBUS ioctls on an i2c-stub /dev/i2c-* character device; it is neither remotely nor physically reachable.\nAC:L - Once i2c-stub is loaded, the attacker controls the address, direction, length, and register contents, making the corruption deterministic without a race. The non-default module configuration defines the vulnerable deployment rather than complicating exploitation within it.\nPR:L - The attacker needs unprivileged local access to the applicable /dev/i2c-* node, but no capability or namespace-specific administrative privilege is checked anywhere along the ioctl path.\nUI:N - After the vulnerable adapter is configured, exploitation requires only attacker-issued ioctls and no action by another user.\nS:U - The corruption occurs within the host kernel and represents conventional local privilege escalation, without crossing a separate virtualization or hardware security authority.\nC:H - An oversized block write reads up to 222 bytes beyond the 34-byte stack union and persists those bytes in attacker-readable stub registers, enabling substantial kernel-stack disclosure.\nI:H - An oversized block read writes up to 222 attacker-chosen bytes beyond the stack union because the attacker can prepopulate the stub registers, enabling control-data corruption and potential kernel code execution.\nA:H - The controlled stack overwrite can corrupt stack canaries, return state, or other control data, causing a repeatable kernel oops or panic even when code execution is unsuccessful."
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