FKIE_CVE-2026-40342

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-04-17 20:16 - Updated: 2026-04-27 14:28
Severity
9.9 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Summary
Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.
References
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14Release Notes
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7Release Notes
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4Release Notes
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257Vendor Advisory, Exploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
firebirdsql firebird *
firebirdsql firebird *
firebirdsql firebird *
To clipboard 

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "53D811A2-F880-46E9-9F7F-1CE3AC487F67",
              "versionEndExcluding": "3.0.14",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "A4BC24D2-FBF7-4308-9914-6079DBDF88FA",
              "versionEndExcluding": "4.0.7",
              "versionStartIncluding": "4.0.0",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:firebirdsql:firebird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "938978A3-90BE-4223-BDFC-5310A7C78D9B",
              "versionEndExcluding": "5.0.4",
              "versionStartIncluding": "5.0.0",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library\u0027s initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server\u0027s OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-40342",
  "lastModified": "2026-04-27T14:28:24.923",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 9.9,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.1,
        "impactScore": 6.0,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-04-17T20:16:35.930",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory",
        "Exploit"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-22"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-73"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-94"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-427"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.