CWE-116

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.

CVE-2025-9127 (GCVE-0-2025-9127)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 17:59 – Updated: 2025-12-04 20:00
VLAI
Title
PX Enterprise Improper Sanitization Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability exists in PX Enterprise whereby sensitive information may be logged under specific conditions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Pure Storage PX Enterprise Affected: 3.3.0, 3.3.1, 3.3.1.1, 3.3.1.2 (custom)
Affected: 3.2.0, 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3 (custom)
Affected: 3.1.1 , ≤ 3.1.8 (custom)
Affected: 2.13.12 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-1011 (GCVE-0-2026-1011)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-15 23:08 – Updated: 2026-01-29 16:49
VLAI
Title
Stored Cross-Site Scripting in Altium Live Support Center Comment Endpoint
Summary
A stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in the Altium Support Center AddComment endpoint due to missing server-side input sanitization. Although the client interface applies HTML escaping, the backend accepts and stores arbitrary HTML and JavaScript supplied via modified POST requests. The injected content is rendered verbatim when support cases are viewed by other users, including support staff with elevated privileges, allowing execution of arbitrary JavaScript in the victim’s browser context.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (Cross-site Scripting)
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Altium Altium Live Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.1.1.39 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-01-15 23:01
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-20136 (GCVE-0-2026-20136)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-15 16:11 – Updated: 2026-04-16 03:55
VLAI
Title
Cisco Identity Services Engine Authenticated Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) and Cisco ISE Passive Identity Connector (ISE-PIC) could allow an authenticated, local attacker with administrative privileges to perform a command injection attack on the underlying operating system and elevate privileges to root. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by providing crafted input to a specific CLI command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to elevate their privileges to root on the underlying operating system.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Identity Services Engine Software Affected: 3.1.0
Affected: 3.1.0 p1
Affected: 3.1.0 p3
Affected: 3.1.0 p2
Affected: 3.2.0
Affected: 3.1.0 p4
Affected: 3.1.0 p5
Affected: 3.2.0 p1
Affected: 3.1.0 p6
Affected: 3.2.0 p2
Affected: 3.1.0 p7
Affected: 3.3.0
Affected: 3.2.0 p3
Affected: 3.2.0 p4
Affected: 3.1.0 p8
Affected: 3.2.0 p5
Affected: 3.2.0 p6
Affected: 3.1.0 p9
Affected: 3.3 Patch 2
Affected: 3.3 Patch 1
Affected: 3.3 Patch 3
Affected: 3.4.0
Affected: 3.2.0 p7
Affected: 3.3 Patch 4
Affected: 3.4 Patch 1
Affected: 3.1.0 p10
Affected: 3.3 Patch 5
Affected: 3.3 Patch 6
Affected: 3.4 Patch 2
Affected: 3.3 Patch 7
Affected: 3.4 Patch 3
Affected: 3.5.0
Affected: 3.4 Patch 4
Affected: 3.3 Patch 8
Affected: 3.2 Patch 8
Affected: 3.5 Patch 1
Affected: 3.3 Patch 9
Affected: 3.2 Patch 9
Affected: 3.4 Patch 5
Affected: 3.5 Patch 2
Affected: 3.3 Patch 10
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-21443 (GCVE-0-2026-21443)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-25 01:23 – Updated: 2026-02-25 21:15
VLAI
Title
OpenEMR allows inconsistent escaping of translation function output
Summary
OpenEMR is a free and open source electronic health records and medical practice management application. Prior to version 8.0.0, the `xl()` translation function returns unescaped strings. While wrapper functions exist for escaping in different contexts (`xlt()` for HTML, `xla()` for attributes, `xlj()` for JavaScript), there are places in the codebase where `xl()` output is used directly without escaping. If an attacker could insert malicious content into the translation database, these unescaped outputs could lead to XSS. Version 8.0.0 fixes the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
openemr openemr Affected: < 8.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-22712 (GCVE-0-2026-22712)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-09 00:06 – Updated: 2026-01-09 19:15
VLAI
Title
ApprovedRevs allows bypassing the inline CSS sanitizer
Summary
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output due to magic word replacement in ParserAfterTidy vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - ApprovedRevs Extension allows Input Data Manipulation.This issue affects Mediawiki - ApprovedRevs Extension: 1.45, 1.44, 1.43, 1.39.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - ApprovedRevs Extension Affected: 1.45
Affected: 1.44
Affected: 1.43
Affected: 1.39
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
SomeRandomDeveloper SomeRandomDeveloper
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-22792 (GCVE-0-2026-22792)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-21 20:54 – Updated: 2026-01-21 21:26
VLAI
Title
5ire vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE)
Summary
5ire is a cross-platform desktop artificial intelligence assistant and model context protocol client. Prior to version 0.15.3, an unsafe HTML rendering permits untrusted HTML (including on* event attributes) to execute in the renderer context. An attacker can inject an `<img onerror=...>` payload to run arbitrary JavaScript in the renderer, which can call exposed bridge APIs such as `window.bridge.mcpServersManager.createServer`. This enables unauthorized creation of MCP servers and lead to remote command execution. Version 0.15.3 fixes the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nanbingxyz 5ire Affected: < 0.15.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23630 (GCVE-0-2026-23630)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-21 22:51 – Updated: 2026-01-22 16:49
VLAI
Title
Docmost is vulnerable to stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) through Mermaid rendering
Summary
Docmost is open-source collaborative wiki and documentation software. In versions 0.3.0 through 0.23.2, Mermaid code block rendering is vulnerable to stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). The frontend can render attacker-controlled Mermaid diagrams using mermaid.render(), then inject the returned SVG/HTML into the DOM via dangerouslySetInnerHTML without sanitization. Mermaid per-diagram %%{init}%% directives allow overriding securityLevel and enabling htmlLabels, permitting arbitrary HTML/JS execution for any viewer. This issue has been fixed in version 0.24.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
docmost docmost Affected: >= 0.3.0, < 0.24.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23880 (GCVE-0-2026-23880)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-19 20:55 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:12
VLAI
Title
OnboardLite has stored Cross-site Scripting issue that may lead to admin Account Take Over
Summary
OnboardLite is a comprehensive membership lifecycle platform built for student organizations at the University of Central Florida. Versions of the software prior to commit 1d32081a66f21bcf41df1ecb672490b13f6e429f have a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that can be rendered to an admin when they attempt to migrate a user's discord account in the dashboard. Commit 1d32081a66f21bcf41df1ecb672490b13f6e429f patches the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HackUCF OnboardLite Affected: < 1d32081a66f21bcf41df1ecb672490b13f6e429f
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-2404 (GCVE-0-2026-2404)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 15:13 – Updated: 2026-04-14 16:27
VLAI
Summary
CWE-116 Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability exists that could cause log injection and forged log when an attacker alters the POST /j_security check request payload.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-24127 (GCVE-0-2026-24127)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-23 23:01 – Updated: 2026-01-26 16:18
VLAI
Title
Typemill has Reflected XSS via login error view template
Summary
Typemill is a flat-file, Markdown-based CMS designed for informational documentation websites. A reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) exists in the login error view template `login.twig` of versions 2.19.1 and below. The `username` value can be echoed back without proper contextual encoding when authentication fails. An attacker can execute script in the login page context. This issue has been fixed in version 2.19.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
typemill typemill Affected: < v2.19.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation ID: MIT-4.3

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
  • Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-27

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

Description:

  • If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
  • For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation

Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation

Description:

  • Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation

Phase: Requirements

Description:

  • Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting

An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.

CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename

An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.

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