CWE-116
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
CVE-2025-12734 (GCVE-0-2025-12734)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-11 07:32 – Updated: 2025-12-16 23:44
VLAI
Title
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output in GitLab
Summary
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 15.6 before 18.4.6, 18.5 before 18.5.4, and 18.6 before 18.6.2 that could have allowed an authenticated user to, under certain conditions, render content in dialogs to other users by injecting malicious HTML content into merge request titles.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/579573 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/3379381 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/12/10/patc… |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2025-1308 (GCVE-0-2025-1308)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-19 21:18 – Updated: 2025-05-20 14:19
VLAI
Title
PX Backup Improper Sanitization Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability exists in PX Backup whereby sensitive information may be logged under specific conditions.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pure Storage | PX Backup |
Affected:
1.0.0 , ≤ 2.6.0
(custom)
Affected: 2.7.0 , ≤ 2.7.3 (custom) Affected: 2.8.0 , ≤ 2.8.1 (custom) |
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CVE-2025-15312 (GCVE-0-2025-15312)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-05 18:26 – Updated: 2026-02-06 19:02
VLAI
Title
Tanium addressed an improper output sanitization vulnerability in TanOS.
Summary
Tanium addressed an improper output sanitization vulnerability in Tanium Appliance.
Severity
6.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tanium | Tanium Appliance |
Affected:
1.8.3.0 , < 1.8.3.0146
(custom)
Affected: 1.8.4.0 , < 1.8.4.0157 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:tanium:tanos:1.8.3.0145:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:tanium:tanos:1.8.4.0156:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2025-01-22 00:00
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CVE-2025-23207 (GCVE-0-2025-23207)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-17 21:25 – Updated: 2025-01-17 21:32
VLAI
Title
\htmlData does not validate attribute names in KaTeX
Summary
KaTeX is a fast, easy-to-use JavaScript library for TeX math rendering on the web. KaTeX users who render untrusted mathematical expressions with `renderToString` could encounter malicious input using `\htmlData` that runs arbitrary JavaScript, or generate invalid HTML. Users are advised to upgrade to KaTeX v0.16.21 to remove this vulnerability. Users unable to upgrade should avoid use of or turn off the `trust` option, or set it to forbid `\htmlData` commands, forbid inputs containing the substring `"\\htmlData"` and sanitize HTML output from KaTeX.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/commit/ff289955e81… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-23377 (GCVE-0-2025-23377)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-28 14:38 – Updated: 2025-04-28 14:50
VLAI
Summary
Dell PowerProtect Data Manager Reporting, version(s) 19.17, 19.18 contain(s) an Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability to inject arbitrary web script or html in reporting outputs.
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00031108… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dell | PowerProtect Data Manager |
Affected:
19.15.0 , ≤ 19.18.0-23
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-04-24 06:30
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CVE-2025-24025 (GCVE-0-2025-24025)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-24 16:46 – Updated: 2025-01-24 21:01
VLAI
Title
Coolify Vulnerable to Reflected XSS on Tag Search
Summary
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to version 4.0.0-beta.380, the tags page allows users to search for tags. If the search does not return any results, the query gets reflected on the error modal, which leads to cross-site scripting. Version 4.0.0-beta.380 fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/coollabsio/coolify/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| coollabsio | coolify |
Affected:
< 4.0.0-beta.361
|
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CVE-2025-25029 (GCVE-0-2025-25029)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-28 01:12 – Updated: 2025-08-28 14:11
VLAI
Title
IBM Security Guardium information disclosure
Summary
IBM Security Guardium 12.0 could allow a privileged user to download any file on the system due to improper escaping of input.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7234827 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | Security Guardium |
Affected:
12.0
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_guardium:12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2025-27108 (GCVE-0-2025-27108)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-21 21:09 – Updated: 2025-02-24 14:47
VLAI
Title
Cross-site Scripting vulnerability due to improper use of string.replace in dom-expressions
Summary
dom-expressions is a Fine-Grained Runtime for Performant DOM Rendering. In affected versions the use of javascript's `.replace()` opens up to potential Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities with the special replacement patterns beginning with `$`. Particularly, when the attributes of `Meta` tag from solid-meta are user-defined, attackers can utilise the special replacement patterns, either `$'` or `$\`` to achieve XSS. The solid-meta package has this issue since it uses `useAffect` and context providers, which injects the used assets in the html header. "dom-expressions" uses `.replace()` to insert the assets, which is vulnerable to the special replacement patterns listed above. This effectively means that if the attributes of an asset tag contained user-controlled data, it would be vulnerable to XSS. For instance, there might be meta tags for the open graph protocol in a user profile page, but if attackers set the user query to some payload abusing `.replace()`, then they could execute arbitrary javascript in the victim's web browser. Moreover, it could be stored and cause more problems. This issue has been addressed in version 0.39.5 and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ryansolid/dom-expressions/secu… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ryansolid/dom-expressions/comm… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ryansolid | dom-expressions |
Affected:
< 0.39.5
|
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CVE-2025-27109 (GCVE-0-2025-27109)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-21 21:12 – Updated: 2025-02-24 17:05
VLAI
Title
Lack of Escaping of HTML in JSX Fragments allows for Cross-site Scripting in solid-js
Summary
solid-js is a declarative, efficient, and flexible JavaScript library for building user interfaces. In affected versions Inserts/JSX expressions inside illegal inlined JSX fragments lacked escaping, allowing user input to be rendered as HTML when put directly inside JSX fragments. This issue has been addressed in version 1.9.4 and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/solidjs/solid/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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"name": "https://github.com/solidjs/solid/commit/b93956f28ed75469af6976a98728e313d0edd236",
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"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
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CVE-2025-30345 (GCVE-0-2025-30345)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-21 00:00 – Updated: 2025-03-21 15:04
VLAI
Summary
An issue was discovered in OpenSlides before 4.2.5. When creating new chats via the chat_group.create action, the user is able to specify the name of the chat. Some HTML elements such as SCRIPT are filtered, whereas others are not. In most cases, HTML entities are encoded properly, but not when deleting chats or deleting messages in these chats. This potentially allows attackers to interfere with the layout of the rendered website, but it is unlikely that victims would click on deleted chats or deleted messages.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intevation | OpenSlides |
Affected:
0 , < 4.2.5
(custom)
|
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Mitigation ID: MIT-4.3
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
- Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-27
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
Description:
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation
Description:
- Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation
Phase: Requirements
Description:
- Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.