Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-41008 (GCVE-0-2026-41008)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 23:47 – Updated: 2026-06-27 21:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Spring Security Authorization Server Open Redirect via request_uri
Summary
Spring Security Authorization Server's authorization endpoint performs insufficient validation of the request_uri parameter. An attacker can craft a malicious authorization request containing an invalid request_uri and an arbitrary, unvalidated redirect_uri, which can lead to an Open Redirect vulnerability.
Affected versions:
Spring Security 7.0.0 through 7.0.5.
Spring Authorization Server 1.5.0 through 1.5.7.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (Open Redirect)
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spring | Spring Security |
Affected:
7.0.0 , < 7.0.5.1
(custom)
|
|
| Spring | Spring Authorization Server |
Affected:
1.5.0 , < 1.5.7.1
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-40961 (GCVE-0-2026-40961)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-01 07:55 – Updated: 2026-06-02 16:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Airflow: Open Redirect Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A bug in the login redirect route in Apache Airflow allowed authenticated users to craft URLs that bypassed the `is_safe_url` check, enabling redirection from a trusted Airflow domain to an attacker-controlled origin. Users are advised to upgrade to `apache-airflow` 3.2.2 or later. As a defense-in-depth mitigation, deployment operators can place Airflow behind a reverse proxy that strips off-domain `next=` query parameters before they reach the login endpoint.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (Open Redirect)
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Airflow |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 3.2.2
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-40905 (GCVE-0-2026-40905)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-21 20:02 – Updated: 2026-04-21 20:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LinkAce: Password Reset Poisoning via X-Forwarded-Host Header Injection Leading to Account Takeover
Summary
LinkAce is a self-hosted archive to collect website links. Prior to 2.5.4, a password reset poisoning vulnerability was identified in the application due to improper trust of user-controlled HTTP headers. The application uses the X-Forwarded-Host header when generating password reset URLs. By manipulating this header during a password reset request, an attacker can inject an attacker-controlled domain into the reset link sent via email. As a result, the victim receives a password reset email containing a malicious link pointing to an attacker-controlled domain. When the victim clicks the link, the password reset token is transmitted to the attacker-controlled server. An attacker can capture this token and use it to reset the victim’s password, leading to full account takeover. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.4.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Kovah/LinkAce/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-40332 (GCVE-0-2026-40332)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-06 20:13 – Updated: 2026-05-07 14:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Masa CMS open redirect via improper handling of scheme-relative URLs
Summary
Masa CMS is affected by an Open Redirect vulnerability due to improper handling of scheme-relative URLs. The application incorrectly interprets paths beginning with double slashes (//) as internal paths, failing to validate the redirect target before processing. The application treats these values as internal paths and processes them without confirming that the redirect target remains on the local site.
An attacker can craft a URL on the trusted Masa CMS domain that redirects a victim to an external attacker-controlled site. This can be used for phishing and, in some authentication flows, may expose tokens or other sensitive data to the external site. This issue has been fixed in versions 7.2.10, 7.3.15, 7.4.10, and 7.5.3. As a workaround, reject or rewrite redirect parameters that begin with // and consider disabling forceDirectoryStructure if compatible with the deployment.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MasaCMS/MasaCMS/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-40299 (GCVE-0-2026-40299)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-17 20:49 – Updated: 2026-04-20 15:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
next-intl has an open redirect vulnerability
Summary
next-intl provides internationalization for Next.js. Applications using the `next-intl` middleware prior to version 4.9.1with `localePrefix: 'as-needed'` could construct URLs where path handling and the WHATWG URL parser resolved a relative redirect target to another host (e.g. scheme-relative `//` or control characters stripped by the URL parser), so the middleware could redirect the browser off-site while the user still started from a trusted app URL. The problem has been patchedin `next-intl@4.9.1`.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
4 references
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|---|---|
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CVE-2026-40295 (GCVE-0-2026-40295)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-22 19:10 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Devise: Open Redirect via Unvalidated `request.referrer` in Timeoutable Session Timeout Handler
Summary
Devise is an authentication solution for Rails based on Warden. In versions 5.0.3 and below, when the Timeoutable module is enabled in Devise, the FailureApp#redirect_url method returns request.referrer — the HTTP Referer header, which is attacker-controllable — without validation for any non-GET request that results in a session timeout. An attacker who hosts a page with an auto-submitting cross-origin form can cause a victim with an expired Devise session to be redirected to an arbitrary external URL. This contrasts with the GET timeout path (which uses server-side attempted_path) and Devise's own store_location_for mechanism (which strips external hosts via extract_path_from_location), both of which are protected; only the non-GET timeout redirect path is unprotected. Expired-session users can be silently redirected from the trusted app domain to attacker-controlled URLs, enabling phishing and malware delivery while bypassing browser warnings. Note: Rails' built-in open-redirect protection does not mitigate this issue. Devise::FailureApp is an ActionController::Metal app with its own isolated copy of the relevant redirect configuration, so config.action_controller.action_on_open_redirect = :raise (and the older raise_on_open_redirects setting) do not reach it. This issue has been fixed in version 5.0.4.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/heartcombo/devise/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/heartcombo/devise/commit/025fe… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| heartcombo | devise |
Affected:
< 5.0.4
|
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CVE-2026-40255 (GCVE-0-2026-40255)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-16 22:25 – Updated: 2026-04-17 18:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
@adonisjs/http-server has an Open Redirect vulnerability
Summary
AdonisJS HTTP Server is a package for handling HTTP requests in the AdonisJS framework. In @adonisjs/http-server versions prior to 7.8.1 and 8.0.0-next.0 through 8.1.3, and @adonisjs/core versions prior to 7.4.0, the response.redirect().back() method reads the Referer header from the incoming HTTP request and redirects to that URL without validating the host.An attacker who can influence the Referer header can cause the application to redirect users to a malicious external site. This affects all AdonisJS applications that use response.redirect().back() or response.redirect('back'). This issue has been fixed in versions 7.8.1 and 8.2.0 and 7.4.0 of @adonisjs/core.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/adonisjs/http-server/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/adonisjs/http-server/commit/20… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/adonisjs/http-server/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/adonisjs/http-server/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| adonisjs | http-server |
Affected:
>= 8.0.0-next.0, < 8.2.0
Affected: < 7.8.1 |
|
| adonisjs | http-core |
Affected:
< 7.4.0
|
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CVE-2026-40181 (GCVE-0-2026-40181)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 17:55 – Updated: 2026-06-03 15:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
React Router's same-origin redirect with path starting // causes open redirect via protocol-relative URL reinterpretation
Summary
React Router is a router for React. In versions 7.0.0 through 7.14.0 and 6.7.0 through 6.30.3, certain URLs passed to the redirect function can trigger an open redirect to an external domain due to path values starting with // being reinterpreted as protocol-relative URLs. The level of impact depends on the validation done by the application prior to returning the redirect. This does not impact applications using Declarative Mode (<BrowserRouter>). This is patched in versions 7.14.1 and 6.30.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/remix-run/react-router/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| remix-run | react-router |
Affected:
>= 7.0.0, < 7.14.1
Affected: >= 6.7.0, < 6.30.4 |
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CVE-2026-40096 (GCVE-0-2026-40096)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 23:54 – Updated: 2026-04-15 16:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
immich: Open Redirect via Shared Album name
Summary
immich is a high performance self-hosted photo and video management solution. Versions prior to 2.7.3 contain an open redirect vulnerability in the shared album functionality, where the album name is inserted unsanitized into a <meta> tag in api.service.ts. A registered attacker can create a shared album with a crafted name containing 0;url=https://attackersite.com" http-equiv="refresh, which when rendered in the <meta property="og:title"> tag causes the victim's browser to redirect to an attacker-controlled site upon opening the share link. This facilitates phishing attacks, as the attacker could host a modified version of immich that collects login credentials from victims who believe they need to authenticate to view the shared album. This issue has been fixed in version 2.7.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/immich-app/immich/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/immich-app/immich/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| immich-app | immich |
Affected:
< 2.7.3
|
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CVE-2026-40080 (GCVE-0-2026-40080)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 22:29 – Updated: 2026-06-26 14:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cacti: Open Redirect via HTTP_REFERER substring check in auth_login_redirect
Summary
Cacti is an open source performance and fault management framework. Versions 1.2.30 and prior are vulnerable to Open Redirect through a substring check rather than a host check at str_contains($referer, CACTI_PATH_URL). When the user's login_opts == '1' (redirect to referer after login), the function used $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] directly. An attacker could craft a referer such as https://evil.com/cacti/. Where CACTI_PATH_URL is /cacti/, the substring matches and the user is redirected to evil.com after login. The pre-existing validate_redirect_url() helper at lib/html_utility.php performed proper validation but was not invoked from auth_login_redirect(). This issue has been fixed in version 1.2.31.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/releases/tag/relea… | x_refsource_MISC |
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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.