Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8811 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-71871 (GCVE-0-2026-71871)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:33 – Updated: 2026-08-21 21:49

Title

Orval: Import-time RCE via header-parameter default -> zod module-level template literal

Summary

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in a header parameter default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-21 21:10 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bf…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
orval-labs	orval	Affected: < 8.21.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-71869 (GCVE-0-2026-71869)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:36 – Updated: 2026-08-25 03:32

Title

Orval: Import-time RCE via array-items default -> zod module-level template literal

Summary

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an array item default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-25 03:32 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bf…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
orval-labs	orval	Affected: < 8.21.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-71868 (GCVE-0-2026-71868)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:37 – Updated: 2026-08-21 19:43

Title

Orval: Import-time RCE via enum-typed default -> zod module-level template literal

Summary

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-21 19:43 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bf…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
orval-labs	orval	Affected: < 8.21.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-71865 (GCVE-0-2026-71865)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:36 – Updated: 2026-08-21 21:49

Title

Orval: Import-time RCE via query parameter name -> computed-property-key injection in the zod cli

Summary

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a double quote in a query parameter name is emitted into the generated request-validation zod.object({...}) schema without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts and query request-validation generation. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-21 21:10 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bf…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
orval-labs	orval	Affected: < 8.21.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-71864 (GCVE-0-2026-71864)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:34 – Updated: 2026-08-25 02:21

Title

Orval: Import-time RCE via header parameter name -> computed-property-key injection in the zod client

Summary

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a double quote in a header parameter name is emitted into the generated request-validation zod.object({...}) schema without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts and header request-validation generation. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-25 02:20 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bf…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
orval-labs	orval	Affected: < 8.21.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-71320 (GCVE-0-2026-71320)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 21:29 – Updated: 2026-08-07 03:55

Title

Nuxt: Server-Side Remote Code Execution via Runtime Template Injection in Nuxt Server Island Props

Summary

Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. From 3.4.0 until 3.21.10 and 4.5.1, an attacker can inject a template key through /__nuxt_island/ props into a dynamic component when `vue.runtimeCompiler: true` is enabled, causing template execution in the Nitro process. This issue is fixed in 3.21.10 and 4.5.1.

Severity

8.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-06 00:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/5b60017f7f1d5…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/ee6c846338f4e…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/releases/tag/v3.21.10	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/releases/tag/v4.5.1	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
nuxt	nuxt	Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.5.1 Affected: >= 3.4.0, < 3.21.10

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-71319 (GCVE-0-2026-71319)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 21:26 – Updated: 2026-08-07 03:55

Title

Nuxt.js Unauthenticated WebSocket RPC Call Leading to Remote Code Execution

Summary

Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. Prior to 3.3.1, Nuxt DevTools (development mode only) exposes a bidirectional RPC channel over the Vite HMR WebSocket via the nuxt:devtools:rpc plugin. On affected versions the channel has no authentication: any client that can reach the Vite HMR endpoint (ws://<host>:<port>/, subprotocol vite-hmr) can call RPC methods, with no token, handshake, or origin check before the channel is established. The updateOptions(), clearOptions(), and openInEditor() methods do not enforce the ensureDevAuthToken check that the other mutating methods use. openInEditor() reads the persisted behavior.openInEditor value and passes it to the launch-editor package, which spawns it as a child process. That value is settable through the equally unauthenticated updateOptions(). An attacker who can reach the HMR port can therefore chain updateOptions('behavior', { openInEditor: '<command>' }) then openInEditor('<any-existing-file>') to execute an arbitrary program on the developer's machine. This issue is fixed in 3.3.1.

Severity

9.6 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-06 00:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/nuxt/devtools/commit/a7b2718b9…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nuxt/devtools/releases/tag/v3.3.1	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
nuxt	devtools	Affected: < 3.3.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
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        }
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          "name": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/GHSA-279x-mwfv-vcqv",
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          ],
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          "name": "https://github.com/nuxt/devtools/commit/a7b2718b930766e1ffb0640259d53f5b041a50b4",
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CVE-2026-71278 (GCVE-0-2026-71278)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 12:26 – Updated: 2026-08-10 11:46

Title

rust-iot-platform Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Unsandboxed Calc-Rule Script Evaluation

Summary

rust-iot-platform allows creating a "calc rule" via POST /calc-rule/create (api/src/controller/calc_rule_router.rs) containing an arbitrary field. This route does not take the AuthToken request guard used elsewhere in the application, making it reachable without authentication.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-05 15:57 UTC

CWE

CWE-94

Assigner

TuranSec redhat root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/iot-ecology/rust-iot-platform	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
iot-ecology	rust-iot-platform	Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)

Date Public

2026-08-05 12:26

Credits

Alibek Baxtiyorov

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-71235 (GCVE-0-2026-71235)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 10:56 – Updated: 2026-08-10 11:45

Title

Magistrala IoT Platform - Unrestricted Go/Lua Script Execution in Rules Engine

Summary

Magistrala's Rules Engine allows authenticated users to create rules with embedded Go or Lua scripts executed server-side when IoT messages arrive. The Lua script engine (re/lua.go) performs no input validation at all and preloads dangerous libraries: db (arbitrary database access), ioutil (file I/O), an HTTP client (SSRF), and filepath (traversal).

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-05 12:51 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Code Injection

Assigner

TuranSec redhat root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/absmach/magistrala	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
absmach	magistrala	Affected: 0

Date Public

2026-08-05 10:56

Credits

alibek baxtiyarov

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-71232 (GCVE-0-2026-71232)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 10:56 – Updated: 2026-08-10 11:45

Title

MacCMS10 - Incomplete Function Blacklist in Template Editor Enables Authenticated RCE

Summary

MacCMS10's admin template editor (application/admin/controller/Template.php) blocks dangerous PHP functions in template content via a blacklist regex, but the blacklist omitted exec, passthru, popen, show_source, create_function, register_shutdown_function, register_tick_function, and error_log.

Severity

7.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-05 12:53 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Code Injection

Assigner

TuranSec redhat root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/magicblack/maccms10/commit/71a…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
magicblack	maccms10	Affected: 0 , ≤ 10 (custom)

Date Public

2026-08-05 10:56

Credits

Mirdavlatov Mira'zam

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

Mitigation MIT-5

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().

Mitigation

Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32

Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32

Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Mitigation

Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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