CVE-2026-54875 (GCVE-0-2026-54875)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-29 15:32 – Updated: 2026-09-29 17:17
VLAI
Title
Non-Constant-Time SM2 Scalar Multiplication on ARM64 and RISC-V
Summary
Issue summary: A non-constant-time optimized implementation of scalar point multiplication is used for SM2 private key operations on ARM64 and RISC-V platforms. Impact summary: An attacker able to measure the time taken by, or to observe the cache-line access pattern of SM2 signing or decryption on an affected platform can learn information about the secret scalar. CWE: CWE-208: Observable Timing Discrepancy Description: On ARM64 and RISC-V processors, the SM2 curve uses an optimized scalar multiplication implementation whose conditional branches and table look ups are chosen according to the bits of the secret scalar. The execution time and the cache-access pattern therefore depend on the long-term private key (during SM2 decryption) or the per-signature nonce (during SM2 signature generation), forming a timing and cache side-channel. FIPS Impact: no SM2 is not a FIPS algorithm and the optimized SM2 implementation is not part of the FIPS module. OpenSSL 4.0, 3.6, 3.5 and 3.4 are vulnerable to this issue on AArch64 and RISC-V. OpenSSL 3.0, 1.1.1 and 1.0.2 are not affected by this issue. OpenSSL 4.0 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 4.0.3. OpenSSL 3.6 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.6.5. OpenSSL 3.5 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.5.9. OpenSSL 3.4 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.4.8. This issue was reported on 2 May 2026 by Abhinav Agarwal. It was independently reported on 6 June 2026 by Feng Xue. The fix was developed by Igor Ustinov. -- cut (non-publishing metadata for internal use) -- Reported by: Abhinav Agarwal, Feng Xue Fixed by: Igor Ustinov
Severity
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-29 17:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-208 - Observable Timing Discrepancy
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
OpenSSL OpenSSL Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.0.3 (semver)
Affected: 3.6.0 , < 3.6.5 (semver)
Affected: 3.5.0 , < 3.5.9 (semver)
Affected: 3.4.0 , < 3.4.8 (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-29 14:21
Credits
Abhinav Agarwal Feng Xue Igor Ustinov
Show details on NVD website
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                  "value": "Issue summary: A non-constant-time optimized implementation of scalar\u003cbr\u003epoint multiplication is used for SM2 private key operations on ARM64 and\u003cbr\u003eRISC-V platforms.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact summary: An attacker able to measure the time taken by, or to observe\u003cbr\u003ethe cache-line access pattern of SM2 signing or decryption on an affected\u003cbr\u003eplatform can learn information about the secret scalar.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCWE: CWE-208: Observable Timing Discrepancy\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDescription: On ARM64 and RISC-V processors, the SM2 curve uses an optimized\u003cbr\u003escalar multiplication implementation whose conditional branches and table\u003cbr\u003elook ups are chosen according to the bits of the secret scalar. The execution\u003cbr\u003etime and the cache-access pattern therefore depend on the long-term private\u003cbr\u003ekey (during SM2 decryption) or the per-signature nonce (during SM2 signature\u003cbr\u003egeneration), forming a timing and cache side-channel.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFIPS Impact: no\u003cbr\u003eSM2 is not a FIPS algorithm and the optimized SM2 implementation is not part\u003cbr\u003eof the FIPS module.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOpenSSL 4.0, 3.6, 3.5 and 3.4 are vulnerable to this issue on AArch64 and\u003cbr\u003eRISC-V.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOpenSSL 3.0, 1.1.1 and 1.0.2 are not affected by this issue.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOpenSSL 4.0 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 4.0.3.\u003cbr\u003eOpenSSL 3.6 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.6.5.\u003cbr\u003eOpenSSL 3.5 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.5.9.\u003cbr\u003eOpenSSL 3.4 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.4.8.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis issue was reported on 2 May 2026 by Abhinav Agarwal.\u003cbr\u003eIt was independently reported on 6 June 2026 by Feng Xue.\u003cbr\u003eThe fix was developed by Igor Ustinov.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e-- cut (non-publishing metadata for internal use) --\u003cbr\u003eReported by: Abhinav Agarwal, Feng Xue\u003cbr\u003eFixed by: Igor Ustinov"
                }
              ],
              "value": "Issue summary: A non-constant-time optimized implementation of scalar\npoint multiplication is used for SM2 private key operations on ARM64 and\nRISC-V platforms.\n\nImpact summary: An attacker able to measure the time taken by, or to observe\nthe cache-line access pattern of SM2 signing or decryption on an affected\nplatform can learn information about the secret scalar.\n\nCWE: CWE-208: Observable Timing Discrepancy\n\nDescription: On ARM64 and RISC-V processors, the SM2 curve uses an optimized\nscalar multiplication implementation whose conditional branches and table\nlook ups are chosen according to the bits of the secret scalar. The execution\ntime and the cache-access pattern therefore depend on the long-term private\nkey (during SM2 decryption) or the per-signature nonce (during SM2 signature\ngeneration), forming a timing and cache side-channel.\n\nFIPS Impact: no\nSM2 is not a FIPS algorithm and the optimized SM2 implementation is not part\nof the FIPS module.\n\nOpenSSL 4.0, 3.6, 3.5 and 3.4 are vulnerable to this issue on AArch64 and\nRISC-V.\n\nOpenSSL 3.0, 1.1.1 and 1.0.2 are not affected by this issue.\n\nOpenSSL 4.0 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 4.0.3.\nOpenSSL 3.6 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.6.5.\nOpenSSL 3.5 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.5.9.\nOpenSSL 3.4 users should upgrade to OpenSSL 3.4.8.\n\nThis issue was reported on 2 May 2026 by Abhinav Agarwal.\nIt was independently reported on 6 June 2026 by Feng Xue.\nThe fix was developed by Igor Ustinov.\n\n-- cut (non-publishing metadata for internal use) --\nReported by: Abhinav Agarwal, Feng Xue\nFixed by: Igor Ustinov"
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "format": "other",
              "other": {
                "content": {
                  "text": "Low"
                },
                "type": "https://openssl-library.org/policies/general/security-policy/"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-208",
                  "description": "CWE-208 Observable Timing Discrepancy",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T15:32:17.206Z",
            "orgId": "3a12439a-ef3a-4c79-92e6-6081a721f1e5",
            "shortName": "openssl"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "OpenSSL Advisory",
              "tags": [
                "vendor-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260929.txt"
            },
            {
              "name": "4.0.3 git commit",
              "tags": [
                "patch"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/9794ed473764839275cb701b4850f3c24d929c28"
            },
            {
              "name": "3.6.5 git commit",
              "tags": [
                "patch"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/dddad955d5ff3e9507619cf4e0f13e9988e2197c"
            },
            {
              "name": "3.5.9 git commit",
              "tags": [
                "patch"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/469f3e42629f4a0b5631796e20c66c92c138a3e8"
            },
            {
              "name": "3.4.8 git commit",
              "tags": [
                "patch"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/3f01bbc28f7e08211fcdc797fd43816504f94257"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "Non-Constant-Time SM2 Scalar Multiplication on ARM64 and RISC-V",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "3a12439a-ef3a-4c79-92e6-6081a721f1e5",
        "assignerShortName": "openssl",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-54875",
        "datePublished": "2026-09-29T15:32:17.206Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-06-16T10:18:08.636Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T17:17:20.483Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.