{
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          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nfnetlink_queue: do shared-unconfirmed check before segmentation\n\nUlrich reports a regression with nfqueue:\n\nIf an application did not set the \u0027F_GSO\u0027 capability flag and a gso\npacket with an unconfirmed nf_conn entry is received all packets are\nnow dropped instead of queued, because the check happens after\nskb_gso_segment().  In that case, we did have exclusive ownership\nof the skb and its associated conntrack entry.  The elevated use\ncount is due to skb_clone happening via skb_gso_segment().\n\nMove the check so that its peformed vs. the aggregated packet.\n\nThen, annotate the individual segments except the first one so we\ncan do a 2nd check at reinject time.\n\nFor the normal case, where userspace does in-order reinjects, this avoids\npacket drops: first reinjected segment continues traversal and confirms\nentry, remaining segments observe the confirmed entry.\n\nWhile at it, simplify nf_ct_drop_unconfirmed(): We only care about\nunconfirmed entries with a refcnt \u003e 1, there is no need to special-case\ndying entries.\n\nThis only happens with UDP.  With TCP, the only unconfirmed packet will\nbe the TCP SYN, those aren\u0027t aggregated by GRO.\n\nNext patch adds a udpgro test case to cover this scenario."
        }
      ],
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              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable nfnetlink_queue path processes packets that hit an NFQUEUE netfilter verdict; GRO-aggregated UDP traffic received from the network reaches it, so the dropping condition is triggered by remote network packets.\nAC:L - Once an nfqueue without F_GSO exists, an attacker reliably triggers the drop by sending a UDP burst that GRO coalesces into a GSO skb for a new (unconfirmed) flow; no uncontrollable condition is required.\nPR:N - Triggering the condition requires only sending network traffic to the host; no authentication or privileges are needed by the remote sender.\nUI:N - The packet drop occurs automatically during kernel packet processing with no victim interaction.\nS:U - The impact is confined to the kernel\u0027s own network packet processing; no security boundary is crossed.\nC:N - The bug only causes packets to be dropped; no kernel memory is read or disclosed.\nI:N - No data is modified or written; dropped packets are simply not delivered, which is an availability rather than integrity effect.\nA:H - All GSO-aggregated UDP packets of new (unconfirmed) conntrack flows are dropped on a non-F_GSO nfqueue, denying establishment/processing of those new flows \u2014 a sustained, network-triggerable denial of that traffic class."
            }
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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      "references": [
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79b713ef4261a8ead96af4703f89d0b5f25532e2"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/23901aa6b8a2f294c4b774436b4691f3ff863a8f"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b740e7ddd7ca0dbfeafca3f5e52717206cf28524"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/207b3ebacb6113acaaec0d171d5307032c690004"
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      "title": "netfilter: nfnetlink_queue: do shared-unconfirmed check before segmentation",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-45859",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-27T12:15:39.322Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.079Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T19:26:38.615Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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            ]
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          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: act_ct: Only release RCU read lock after ct_ft\n\nWhen looking up a flow table in act_ct in tcf_ct_flow_table_get(),\nrhashtable_lookup_fast() internally opens and closes an RCU read critical\nsection before returning ct_ft.\nThe tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() can complete before refcount_inc_not_zero()\nis invoked on the returned ct_ft resulting in a UAF on the already freed ct_ft\nobject. This vulnerability can lead to privilege escalation.\n\nAnalysis from zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com:\nWhen initializing act_ct, tcf_ct_init() is called, which internally triggers\ntcf_ct_flow_table_get().\n\nstatic int tcf_ct_flow_table_get(struct net *net, struct tcf_ct_params *params)\n\n{\n                struct zones_ht_key key = { .net = net, .zone = params-\u003ezone };\n                struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft;\n                int err = -ENOMEM;\n\n                mutex_lock(\u0026zones_mutex);\n                ct_ft = rhashtable_lookup_fast(\u0026zones_ht, \u0026key, zones_params); // [1]\n                if (ct_ft \u0026\u0026 refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref)) // [2]\n                                goto out_unlock;\n                ...\n}\n\nstatic __always_inline void *rhashtable_lookup_fast(\n                struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key,\n                const struct rhashtable_params params)\n{\n                void *obj;\n\n                rcu_read_lock();\n                obj = rhashtable_lookup(ht, key, params);\n                rcu_read_unlock();\n\n                return obj;\n}\n\nAt [1], rhashtable_lookup_fast() looks up and returns the corresponding ct_ft\nfrom zones_ht . The lookup is performed within an RCU read critical section\nthrough rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock(), which prevents the object from\nbeing freed. However, at the point of function return, rcu_read_unlock() has\nalready been called, and there is nothing preventing ct_ft from being freed\nbefore reaching refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref) at [2]. This interval becomes\nthe race window, during which ct_ft can be freed.\n\nFree Process:\n\ntcf_ct_flow_table_put() is executed through the path tcf_ct_cleanup() call_rcu()\ntcf_ct_params_free_rcu() tcf_ct_params_free() tcf_ct_flow_table_put().\n\nstatic void tcf_ct_flow_table_put(struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft)\n{\n                if (refcount_dec_and_test(\u0026ct_ft-\u003eref)) {\n                                rhashtable_remove_fast(\u0026zones_ht, \u0026ct_ft-\u003enode, zones_params);\n                                INIT_RCU_WORK(\u0026ct_ft-\u003erwork, tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work); // [3]\n                                queue_rcu_work(act_ct_wq, \u0026ct_ft-\u003erwork);\n                }\n}\n\nAt [3], tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() is scheduled as RCU work\n\nstatic void tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work(struct work_struct *work)\n\n{\n                struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft;\n                struct flow_block *block;\n\n                ct_ft = container_of(to_rcu_work(work), struct tcf_ct_flow_table,\n                                                                rwork);\n                nf_flow_table_free(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft);\n                block = \u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block;\n                down_write(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block_lock);\n                WARN_ON(!list_empty(\u0026block-\u003ecb_list));\n                up_write(\u0026ct_ft-\u003enf_ft.flow_block_lock);\n                kfree(ct_ft); // [4]\n\n                module_put(THIS_MODULE);\n}\n\ntcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() frees ct_ft at [4]. When this function executes\nbetween [1] and [2], UAF occurs.\n\nThis race condition has a very short race window, making it generally\ndifficult to trigger. Therefore, to trigger the vulnerability an msleep(100) was\ninserted after[1]"
        }
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only through local bridge administration (rtnetlink RTM_NEWLINK, bridge ioctl, or sysfs), not through processing of remote network packets. An attacker must issue `ip link`/`bridge` configuration commands to create the inconsistent multicast state and remove a bridge port.\nAC:L - The reproducer sequence is fully attacker-controlled and deterministic; syzkaller triggered it reliably. The attacker configures the toggle sequence, removes the port, and the orphaned IGMP/MLD query timers fire on schedule without depending on uncontrollable timing or memory layout.\nPR:L - All entry paths require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the target network namespace (rtnetlink at rtnl_newlink, br_ioctl add_del_if, sysfs bridge attributes). Unprivileged local users can obtain this capability by creating a user+network namespace (`unshare -Urn`), which is widely enabled on server and container hosts.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires no action from any other user or victim; the attacker performs the entire bridge setup, state toggling, and port removal themselves.\nS:U - Successful exploitation corrupts kernel memory within the same kernel security domain. This is a standard local kernel memory corruption issue, not a cross-boundary escape such as VM guest-to-host or IOMMU bypass.\nC:H - This is a heap use-after-free on a freed net_bridge_port structure; the timer callback dereferences pmctx-\u003eport-\u003ebr on freed memory. UAF on kernel slab objects enables arbitrary kernel memory reads via heap grooming and reclamation of the freed port object.\nI:H - The UAF occurs in a timer softirq handler that reads and writes through fields of the freed port multicast context, including sending queries via br_multicast_send_query. Kernel heap UAF is exploitable for arbitrary write and control-flow hijack primitives, not merely a crash.\nA:H - The freed port structure is kfree\u0027d while IGMP/MLD own-query timers remain active, producing a debugobjects \"free active timer\" warning and use-after-free in softirq. This reliably causes kernel oops/panic and can be triggered repeatedly to deny service on shared infrastructure such as cloud hosts or software switches."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/iucv: fix use-after-free of a severed iucv_path\n\naf_iucv queues not-yet-received message notifications on iucv-\u003emessage_q,\neach holding a raw pointer to the connection\u0027s iucv_path.  When the peer\nsevers the connection, iucv_sever_path() frees that path with\niucv_path_free() but leaves the notifications queued.  A later recvmsg()\ndrains message_q via iucv_process_message_q() and hands the stale path to\nmessage_receive() -- a use-after-free of the freed iucv_path.\n\nDrop the queued notifications when the path is severed; once the path is\ngone they can no longer be received.  This also frees the notifications\nleaked when a socket is closed with messages still queued."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:A - An adjacent z/VM guest or LPAR peer can establish an AF_IUCV connection and deliver IUCV message_pending and path_severed events to a victim; exploitation requires same-CPC IUCV reachability, not Internet-wide access.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically floods IUCV messages to fill message_q, severs the connection to free iucv_path, then victim recvmsg() drains the stale queue; no uncontrollable timing or memory-layout luck is required.\nPR:N - On the victim, no local Linux account or capability is needed; any unauthorized adjacent IUCV peer that completes the AF_IUCV handshake can flood messages and sever the path against a listening service.\nUI:N - No special victim action is required beyond normal server recvmsg() on an established IUCV session; the attacker drives connection setup, message flood, and path sever entirely from the peer side.\nS:U - Impact is kernel memory corruption within the victim Linux guest; it does not cross hypervisor, VM-escape, or IOMMU security boundaries.\nC:H - Queued notifications dereference a freed struct iucv_path in message_receive(), passing stale pathid and private fields into CP IUCV RECEIVE calls\u2014a classic UAF enabling attacker-controlled heap reuse and kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Use-after-free of iucv_path lets an attacker reclaim the freed object and supply forged pathid and list pointers used by __iucv_message_receive(), providing heap corruption primitives suitable for arbitrary kernel write or code execution.\nA:H - Processing the stale path in iucv_process_message_q() dereferences freed kernel memory during message_receive(), reliably causing kernel oops or panic and total loss of availability even before full exploitation."
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      "providerMetadata": {
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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        {
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        {
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be7cc4656eb1f54029610e82d1f0fdd3f9b5ec0a"
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      ],
      "title": "net/iucv: fix use-after-free of a severed iucv_path",
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    "dateReserved": "2026-07-30T09:28:09.370Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T20:58:53.121Z",
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: act_tunnel_key: Defer dst_release to RCU callback\n\nFix a race-condition use-after-free in tunnel_key_release_params().\n\nThe function releases the metadata_dst of the old params synchronously\nvia dst_release() while deferring the params struct free with\nkfree_rcu(). A concurrent tunnel_key_act() reader on the datapath may\nstill hold the old params pointer (under rcu_read_lock_bh) and proceed\nto call dst_clone(\u0026params-\u003etcft_enc_metadata-\u003edst) after the writer\u0027s\ndst_release has already pushed the dst\u0027s rcuref to RCUREF_DEAD.\n\nzdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com produced a poc which i (and Victor) verified\nthat KASAN reports:\n\n==================================================================\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in instrument_atomic_read_write include/linux/instrumented.h:112\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in atomic_sub_return_release include/linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h:326\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __rcuref_put include/linux/rcuref.h:109\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in rcuref_put include/linux/rcuref.h:173\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in dst_release+0x5b/0x370 net/core/dst.c:168\nWrite of size 4 at addr ffff88806158de40 by task poc/9388\n\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9388 Comm: poc Tainted: G        W           7.1.0-rc7 #7 PREEMPT(lazy)\nTainted: [W]=WARN\nHardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 25.10 PC v2 (i440FX + PIIX, + 10.1 machine, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94\n dump_stack_lvl+0x100/0x190 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378\n print_report+0x139/0x4ad mm/kasan/report.c:482\n kasan_report+0xe4/0x1d0 mm/kasan/report.c:595\n check_region_inline mm/kasan/generic.c:186\n kasan_check_range+0x125/0x200 mm/kasan/generic.c:200\n instrument_atomic_read_write include/linux/instrumented.h:112\n atomic_sub_return_release include/linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h:326\n __rcuref_put include/linux/rcuref.h:109\n rcuref_put include/linux/rcuref.h:173\n dst_release+0x5b/0x370 net/core/dst.c:168\n refdst_drop include/net/dst.h:272\n skb_dst_drop include/net/dst.h:284\n skb_release_head_state+0x293/0x400 net/core/skbuff.c:1163\n skb_release_all net/core/skbuff.c:1187\n[..]\nAllocated by task 9391:\n kasan_save_stack+0x30/0x50 mm/kasan/common.c:57\n kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30 mm/kasan/common.c:78\n poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:398\n __kasan_kmalloc+0x9a/0xb0 mm/kasan/common.c:415\n kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:263\n __do_kmalloc_node mm/slub.c:5296\n __kmalloc_noprof+0x2f1/0x830 mm/slub.c:5308\n kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:954\n kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1188\n offload_action_alloc+0x2f/0x130 net/core/flow_offload.c:35\n tcf_action_offload_add_ex+0x1ba/0x880 net/sched/act_api.c:258\n tcf_action_offload_add net/sched/act_api.c:293\n tcf_action_init+0x66e/0xa20 net/sched/act_api.c:1547\n tcf_action_add+0xf6/0x5d0 net/sched/act_api.c:2101\n[..]\nFreed by task 9391:\n kasan_save_stack+0x30/0x50 mm/kasan/common.c:57\n kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30 mm/kasan/common.c:78\n kasan_save_free_info+0x3b/0x70 mm/kasan/generic.c:584\n poison_slab_object mm/kasan/common.c:253\n __kasan_slab_free+0x6b/0x90 mm/kasan/common.c:285\n kasan_slab_free include/linux/kasan.h:235\n slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:2689\n slab_free mm/slub.c:6251\n kfree+0x21f/0x6b0 mm/slub.c:6566\n tcf_action_offload_add_ex+0x4ad/0x880 net/sched/act_api.c:284\n tcf_action_offload_add net/sched/act_api.c:293\n tcf_action_init+0x66e/0xa20 net/sched/act_api.c:1547\n tcf_action_add+0xf6/0x5d0 net/sched/act_api.c:2101\n\nThe buggy address belongs to the object at ffff88806158de00\n which belongs to the cache kmalloc-256 of size 256\nThe buggy address is located 64 bytes inside of\n freed 256-byte region [ffff88806158de00, ffff88806158df00)\n\nThe buggy address belongs to the physical page:\npage: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff88806158d600 pfn:0x6158c\nhead: order:1 mapcount:0 entire_map\n---truncated---"
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      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable window is opened via the tc/rtnetlink RTM_NEWACTION path (`tc action replace ... tunnel_key set`) and closed by locally generated traffic through a clsact/ingress filter, both requiring local system access rather than remote packets.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 one thread repeatedly replaces the tunnel_key action while another pumps packets through the filter \u2014 and can widen the window with qdisc backlog, so the UAF is reliably reproducible (a ZDI PoC reproduced it under KASAN).\nPR:L - The action-add path is gated only by netlink_capable(skb, CAP_NET_ADMIN), which is namespace-relative and obtainable by any unprivileged user via `unshare -Urn`; the packet side runs in the attacker\u0027s own netns.\nUI:N - Both the netlink action replace and the packet transmission that dereferences the stale params are performed entirely by the attacker\u0027s own processes; no victim action is involved.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap memory within the same security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The freed metadata_dst sits in the general-purpose kmalloc-256 cache and remains attached to an skb, so tx paths read tunnel metadata out of reclaimed memory, giving an attacker who sprays the slab a route to disclose kernel data and defeat KASLR.\nI:H - The stale dst_clone/skb_dst_drop pair performs atomic 4-byte read-modify-write operations on a freed, attacker-reclaimable slab object, yielding a refcount-corruption primitive that is a well-established stepping stone to arbitrary write and privilege escalation.\nA:H - The use-after-free reliably corrupts slab memory and triggers KASAN-reported faults; unmitigated it causes kernel oops or panic, and the race can be repeated at will by an unprivileged user."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T16:34:38.220Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5931f020b681fdcb9378262d89b61cb3c7ebbf8"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/389d03992dabb80488228e8119b9dd6d0f58e1a6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/676ad6aa7cec89a08d2a5ce3cd5959e313f29733"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/531dbb5bb98e52ad26be7e90f9f8bec707c5bd0e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2200a00ff247f70f5dcdb4e6f14b0d48ddac5467"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fed1b1ddab41a0e7a462ac690a0c8af6ff793624"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2791a501da508b704a617b4dba29db54a65bc9f7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1f5c8a3955f8fda3f84ed883ac8daa1847e724c"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net/sched: act_tunnel_key: Defer dst_release to RCU callback",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-68377",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-10T12:03:55.643Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-30T09:28:09.386Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T21:09:06.777Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}