Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-98369 (GCVE-0-2026-98369)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 08:46 – Updated: 2026-10-07 06:50

Title

xfrm: add missing rcu_read_lock(), skb_dst_force() and dev_hold() for xfrm_trans_reinject()

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: add missing rcu_read_lock(), skb_dst_force() and dev_hold() for xfrm_trans_reinject() syzbot reported a suspicious RCU usage warning in ip6_pkt_drop(): WARNING: suspicious RCU usage in ip6_pkt_drop include/net/addrconf.h:389 suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage! Call Trace: __in6_dev_get_safely include/net/addrconf.h:389 [inline] ip6_pkt_drop+0x596/0x610 net/ipv6/route.c:4620 ip6_pkt_discard+0x1c/0x30 net/ipv6/route.c:4651 xfrm_trans_reinject+0x324/0x630 net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c:806 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3322 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xa8e/0x14e0 kernel/workqueue.c:3405 worker_thread+0xa47/0xfb0 kernel/workqueue.c:3486 When commit 4f4920669d21 ("xfrm: Reinject transport-mode packets through workqueue") converted xfrm_trans_reinject from a tasklet to a workqueue, the reinjection loop ceased running in softirq context. Workqueue workers run in process context where local_bh_disable() does not enter an RCU read-side critical section under CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU. Because finish callbacks (such as ip6_rcv_finish) expect to run under an RCU read lock (performing route lookups, l3mdev lookups, and accessing RCU-protected data structures), invoking them in workqueue context without rcu_read_lock() triggers RCU lockdep warnings. Furthermore, packets queued to the workqueue via xfrm_trans_queue_net() may carry non-refcounted (noref) dst entries (e.g. from ip_route_input_noref). Additionally, on netdevice unregistration, dst_dev_put() replaces dst->dev with blackhole_netdev, so dst entries do not keep skb->dev alive while queued in the workqueue. Fix these issues by: 1. Calling skb_dst_force(skb) in xfrm_trans_queue_net() while still in the caller's RCU section to ensure dst is reference-counted before queuing. 2. Holding a reference on skb->dev via dev_hold()/dev_put() across workqueue deferral so skb->dev remains valid during finish() callback processing. 3. Acquiring rcu_read_lock() around the finish callback invocation loop in xfrm_trans_reinject().

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root Scorecard

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41e47f1664be86c91…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6601d91a85761f333…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0cda8273265d30cac…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/68a317b4aec8ca186…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6eb3b071be8e26054…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/664fc0941df7c1918…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2f5082f9e84653fa…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
Linux	Linux	Affected: 7d98b26684cb2390729525b341ea099f0badbe18 , < 41e47f1664be86c91326f0afe0504a1162d00907 (git) Affected: 4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276 , < 6601d91a85761f33351c71e04ec0bbd294ca07ce (git) Affected: 4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276 , < 0cda8273265d30cac6423834fd7d4acb75f04fdb (git) Affected: 4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276 , < 68a317b4aec8ca1868a39d69e40f9e29baa4f40a (git) Affected: 4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276 , < 6eb3b071be8e260543c604550c54dac66e6b174b (git) Affected: 4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276 , < 664fc0941df7c1918b2cd4de6ee00469ba77d8e4 (git) Affected: 4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276 , < d2f5082f9e84653fa1a9e8aebaaff23e688f5e19 (git) Affected: f520075da484306bbb8425afd2c42404ba74816f (git) Affected: 130d9e5017ade1b81d16783563edb38c12a2eab7 (git) Affected: 5.15.75 , < 5.15.222 (semver) Affected: 5.19.17 , < 5.20 (semver) Affected: 6.0.3 , < 6.1 (semver)	guessed
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.1 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.1 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.222 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.189 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.158 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.112 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.54 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2.8 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.3-rc4 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)	guessed

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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: add missing rcu_read_lock(), skb_dst_force() and dev_hold() for xfrm_trans_reinject()\n\nsyzbot reported a suspicious RCU usage warning in ip6_pkt_drop():\n\n  WARNING: suspicious RCU usage in ip6_pkt_drop\n  include/net/addrconf.h:389 suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage!\n\n  Call Trace:\n   __in6_dev_get_safely include/net/addrconf.h:389 [inline]\n   ip6_pkt_drop+0x596/0x610 net/ipv6/route.c:4620\n   ip6_pkt_discard+0x1c/0x30 net/ipv6/route.c:4651\n   xfrm_trans_reinject+0x324/0x630 net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c:806\n   process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3322 [inline]\n   process_scheduled_works+0xa8e/0x14e0 kernel/workqueue.c:3405\n   worker_thread+0xa47/0xfb0 kernel/workqueue.c:3486\n\nWhen commit 4f4920669d21 (\"xfrm: Reinject transport-mode packets through\nworkqueue\") converted xfrm_trans_reinject from a tasklet to a workqueue,\nthe reinjection loop ceased running in softirq context. Workqueue workers\nrun in process context where local_bh_disable() does not enter an RCU\nread-side critical section under CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU.\n\nBecause finish callbacks (such as ip6_rcv_finish) expect to run under an\nRCU read lock (performing route lookups, l3mdev lookups, and accessing\nRCU-protected data structures), invoking them in workqueue context without\nrcu_read_lock() triggers RCU lockdep warnings.\n\nFurthermore, packets queued to the workqueue via xfrm_trans_queue_net()\nmay carry non-refcounted (noref) dst entries (e.g. from ip_route_input_noref).\nAdditionally, on netdevice unregistration, dst_dev_put() replaces dst-\u003edev\nwith blackhole_netdev, so dst entries do not keep skb-\u003edev alive while\nqueued in the workqueue.\n\nFix these issues by:\n1. Calling skb_dst_force(skb) in xfrm_trans_queue_net() while still in the\n   caller\u0027s RCU section to ensure dst is reference-counted before queuing.\n2. Holding a reference on skb-\u003edev via dev_hold()/dev_put() across workqueue\n   deferral so skb-\u003edev remains valid during finish() callback processing.\n3. Acquiring rcu_read_lock() around the finish callback invocation loop in\n   xfrm_trans_reinject()."
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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              "value": "AV:L - The use-after-free happens only when a queued packet\u0027s net_device or noref dst is freed before xfrm_trans_reinject() runs. A remote ESP peer sends the packet but cannot unregister the device or change routes, so the attacker who controls the whole race is local: they create the netns, veth and XFRM SA through xfrm_user netlink.\nAC:L - The attacker does both sides of the race. They send ESP transport-mode packets that xfrm4_transport_finish/xfrm6_transport_finish queue through xfrm_trans_queue(), then delete the veth or route while the workqueue is still behind. Flooding the queue up to max_backlog widens the window.\nPR:L - xfrm_user_rcv_msg checks netlink_net_capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN), which an unprivileged user gets in a new user and network namespace (unshare -Urn). That lets them create the SA, the veth devices and the routes the trigger needs.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed. The attacker sets up the namespace, sends the packets and tears down the device or route themselves.\nS:U - The freed net_device, dst_entry and RCU-protected route data are kernel memory, and the impact stays within the kernel\u0027s own security authority.\nC:H - ip6_rcv_finish and dst_input in xfrm_trans_reinject() read a freed skb-\u003edev or noref dst_entry with no reference and no RCU lock. If an attacker reclaims that memory, these use-after-free reads can leak kernel memory.\nI:H - The freed dst_entry holds an input function pointer that dst_input() calls, and net_device is full of ops pointers. Reclaiming either object with attacker-controlled data gives a path to hijacking control flow.\nA:H - A use-after-free of the net_device or dst in the xfrm_trans_reinject worker crashes the kernel, and syzbot hit the missing-RCU path in ip6_pkt_drop. The attacker can trigger it repeatedly."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41e47f1664be86c91326f0afe0504a1162d00907"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6601d91a85761f33351c71e04ec0bbd294ca07ce"
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2f5082f9e84653fa1a9e8aebaaff23e688f5e19"
        }
      ],
      "title": "xfrm: add missing rcu_read_lock(), skb_dst_force() and dev_hold() for xfrm_trans_reinject()",
      "x_generator": {
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    "datePublished": "2026-10-06T08:46:54.188Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:25:14.344Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T06:50:23.071Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: add missing rcu_read_lock(), skb_dst_force() and dev_hold() for xfrm_trans_reinject()\n\nsyzbot reported a suspicious RCU usage warning in ip6_pkt_drop():\n\n  WARNING: suspicious RCU usage in ip6_pkt_drop\n  include/net/addrconf.h:389 suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage!\n\n  Call Trace:\n   __in6_dev_get_safely include/net/addrconf.h:389 [inline]\n   ip6_pkt_drop+0x596/0x610 net/ipv6/route.c:4620\n   ip6_pkt_discard+0x1c/0x30 net/ipv6/route.c:4651\n   xfrm_trans_reinject+0x324/0x630 net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c:806\n   process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3322 [inline]\n   process_scheduled_works+0xa8e/0x14e0 kernel/workqueue.c:3405\n   worker_thread+0xa47/0xfb0 kernel/workqueue.c:3486\n\nWhen commit 4f4920669d21 (\"xfrm: Reinject transport-mode packets through\nworkqueue\") converted xfrm_trans_reinject from a tasklet to a workqueue,\nthe reinjection loop ceased running in softirq context. Workqueue workers\nrun in process context where local_bh_disable() does not enter an RCU\nread-side critical section under CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU.\n\nBecause finish callbacks (such as ip6_rcv_finish) expect to run under an\nRCU read lock (performing route lookups, l3mdev lookups, and accessing\nRCU-protected data structures), invoking them in workqueue context without\nrcu_read_lock() triggers RCU lockdep warnings.\n\nFurthermore, packets queued to the workqueue via xfrm_trans_queue_net()\nmay carry non-refcounted (noref) dst entries (e.g. from ip_route_input_noref).\nAdditionally, on netdevice unregistration, dst_dev_put() replaces dst-\u003edev\nwith blackhole_netdev, so dst entries do not keep skb-\u003edev alive while\nqueued in the workqueue.\n\nFix these issues by:\n1. Calling skb_dst_force(skb) in xfrm_trans_queue_net() while still in the\n   caller\u0027s RCU section to ensure dst is reference-counted before queuing.\n2. Holding a reference on skb-\u003edev via dev_hold()/dev_put() across workqueue\n   deferral so skb-\u003edev remains valid during finish() callback processing.\n3. Acquiring rcu_read_lock() around the finish callback invocation loop in\n   xfrm_trans_reinject()."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-98369",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-07T07:17:11.410",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-10-06T09:18:31.280",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0cda8273265d30cac6423834fd7d4acb75f04fdb"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41e47f1664be86c91326f0afe0504a1162d00907"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6601d91a85761f33351c71e04ec0bbd294ca07ce"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/664fc0941df7c1918b2cd4de6ee00469ba77d8e4"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/68a317b4aec8ca1868a39d69e40f9e29baa4f40a"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6eb3b071be8e260543c604550c54dac66e6b174b"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2f5082f9e84653fa1a9e8aebaaff23e688f5e19"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    }
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-98369

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-10-06 09:18 - Updated: 2026-10-07 07:17

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0cda8273265d30cac6423834fd7d4acb75f04fdb
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41e47f1664be86c91326f0afe0504a1162d00907
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6601d91a85761f33351c71e04ec0bbd294ca07ce
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/664fc0941df7c1918b2cd4de6ee00469ba77d8e4
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/68a317b4aec8ca1868a39d69e40f9e29baa4f40a
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6eb3b071be8e260543c604550c54dac66e6b174b
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2f5082f9e84653fa1a9e8aebaaff23e688f5e19

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "41e47f1664be86c91326f0afe0504a1162d00907",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7d98b26684cb2390729525b341ea099f0badbe18",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6601d91a85761f33351c71e04ec0bbd294ca07ce",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "0cda8273265d30cac6423834fd7d4acb75f04fdb",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "68a317b4aec8ca1868a39d69e40f9e29baa4f40a",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6eb3b071be8e260543c604550c54dac66e6b174b",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "664fc0941df7c1918b2cd4de6ee00469ba77d8e4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "d2f5082f9e84653fa1a9e8aebaaff23e688f5e19",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4f4920669d21e1060b7243e5118dc3b71ced1276",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f520075da484306bbb8425afd2c42404ba74816f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "130d9e5017ade1b81d16783563edb38c12a2eab7",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.15.222",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.15.75",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.20",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.19.17",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.1"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.1",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.222",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.189",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.158",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.112",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.54",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.8",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3-rc4",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: add missing rcu_read_lock(), skb_dst_force() and dev_hold() for xfrm_trans_reinject()\n\nsyzbot reported a suspicious RCU usage warning in ip6_pkt_drop():\n\n  WARNING: suspicious RCU usage in ip6_pkt_drop\n  include/net/addrconf.h:389 suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage!\n\n  Call Trace:\n   __in6_dev_get_safely include/net/addrconf.h:389 [inline]\n   ip6_pkt_drop+0x596/0x610 net/ipv6/route.c:4620\n   ip6_pkt_discard+0x1c/0x30 net/ipv6/route.c:4651\n   xfrm_trans_reinject+0x324/0x630 net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c:806\n   process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3322 [inline]\n   process_scheduled_works+0xa8e/0x14e0 kernel/workqueue.c:3405\n   worker_thread+0xa47/0xfb0 kernel/workqueue.c:3486\n\nWhen commit 4f4920669d21 (\"xfrm: Reinject transport-mode packets through\nworkqueue\") converted xfrm_trans_reinject from a tasklet to a workqueue,\nthe reinjection loop ceased running in softirq context. Workqueue workers\nrun in process context where local_bh_disable() does not enter an RCU\nread-side critical section under CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU.\n\nBecause finish callbacks (such as ip6_rcv_finish) expect to run under an\nRCU read lock (performing route lookups, l3mdev lookups, and accessing\nRCU-protected data structures), invoking them in workqueue context without\nrcu_read_lock() triggers RCU lockdep warnings.\n\nFurthermore, packets queued to the workqueue via xfrm_trans_queue_net()\nmay carry non-refcounted (noref) dst entries (e.g. from ip_route_input_noref).\nAdditionally, on netdevice unregistration, dst_dev_put() replaces dst-\u003edev\nwith blackhole_netdev, so dst entries do not keep skb-\u003edev alive while\nqueued in the workqueue.\n\nFix these issues by:\n1. Calling skb_dst_force(skb) in xfrm_trans_queue_net() while still in the\n   caller\u0027s RCU section to ensure dst is reference-counted before queuing.\n2. Holding a reference on skb-\u003edev via dev_hold()/dev_put() across workqueue\n   deferral so skb-\u003edev remains valid during finish() callback processing.\n3. Acquiring rcu_read_lock() around the finish callback invocation loop in\n   xfrm_trans_reinject()."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-98369",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-07T07:17:11.410",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-10-06T09:18:31.280",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0cda8273265d30cac6423834fd7d4acb75f04fdb"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41e47f1664be86c91326f0afe0504a1162d00907"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6601d91a85761f33351c71e04ec0bbd294ca07ce"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/664fc0941df7c1918b2cd4de6ee00469ba77d8e4"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/68a317b4aec8ca1868a39d69e40f9e29baa4f40a"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6eb3b071be8e260543c604550c54dac66e6b174b"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2f5082f9e84653fa1a9e8aebaaff23e688f5e19"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Received"
}

GHSA-J7RH-WQHV-HC9P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-06 09:31 – Updated: 2026-10-07 09:32

Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

xfrm: add missing rcu_read_lock(), skb_dst_force() and dev_hold() for xfrm_trans_reinject()

syzbot reported a suspicious RCU usage warning in ip6_pkt_drop():

WARNING: suspicious RCU usage in ip6_pkt_drop include/net/addrconf.h:389 suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage!

Call Trace: __in6_dev_get_safely include/net/addrconf.h:389 [inline] ip6_pkt_drop+0x596/0x610 net/ipv6/route.c:4620 ip6_pkt_discard+0x1c/0x30 net/ipv6/route.c:4651 xfrm_trans_reinject+0x324/0x630 net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c:806 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3322 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xa8e/0x14e0 kernel/workqueue.c:3405 worker_thread+0xa47/0xfb0 kernel/workqueue.c:3486

When commit 4f4920669d21 ("xfrm: Reinject transport-mode packets through workqueue") converted xfrm_trans_reinject from a tasklet to a workqueue, the reinjection loop ceased running in softirq context. Workqueue workers run in process context where local_bh_disable() does not enter an RCU read-side critical section under CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU.

Because finish callbacks (such as ip6_rcv_finish) expect to run under an RCU read lock (performing route lookups, l3mdev lookups, and accessing RCU-protected data structures), invoking them in workqueue context without rcu_read_lock() triggers RCU lockdep warnings.

Furthermore, packets queued to the workqueue via xfrm_trans_queue_net() may carry non-refcounted (noref) dst entries (e.g. from ip_route_input_noref). Additionally, on netdevice unregistration, dst_dev_put() replaces dst->dev with blackhole_netdev, so dst entries do not keep skb->dev alive while queued in the workqueue.

Fix these issues by: 1. Calling skb_dst_force(skb) in xfrm_trans_queue_net() while still in the caller's RCU section to ensure dst is reference-counted before queuing. 2. Holding a reference on skb->dev via dev_hold()/dev_put() across workqueue deferral so skb->dev remains valid during finish() callback processing. 3. Acquiring rcu_read_lock() around the finish callback invocation loop in xfrm_trans_reinject().

Severity

7.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-98369"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-06T09:18:31Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: add missing rcu_read_lock(), skb_dst_force() and dev_hold() for xfrm_trans_reinject()\n\nsyzbot reported a suspicious RCU usage warning in ip6_pkt_drop():\n\n  WARNING: suspicious RCU usage in ip6_pkt_drop\n  include/net/addrconf.h:389 suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage!\n\n  Call Trace:\n   __in6_dev_get_safely include/net/addrconf.h:389 [inline]\n   ip6_pkt_drop+0x596/0x610 net/ipv6/route.c:4620\n   ip6_pkt_discard+0x1c/0x30 net/ipv6/route.c:4651\n   xfrm_trans_reinject+0x324/0x630 net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c:806\n   process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3322 [inline]\n   process_scheduled_works+0xa8e/0x14e0 kernel/workqueue.c:3405\n   worker_thread+0xa47/0xfb0 kernel/workqueue.c:3486\n\nWhen commit 4f4920669d21 (\"xfrm: Reinject transport-mode packets through\nworkqueue\") converted xfrm_trans_reinject from a tasklet to a workqueue,\nthe reinjection loop ceased running in softirq context. Workqueue workers\nrun in process context where local_bh_disable() does not enter an RCU\nread-side critical section under CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU.\n\nBecause finish callbacks (such as ip6_rcv_finish) expect to run under an\nRCU read lock (performing route lookups, l3mdev lookups, and accessing\nRCU-protected data structures), invoking them in workqueue context without\nrcu_read_lock() triggers RCU lockdep warnings.\n\nFurthermore, packets queued to the workqueue via xfrm_trans_queue_net()\nmay carry non-refcounted (noref) dst entries (e.g. from ip_route_input_noref).\nAdditionally, on netdevice unregistration, dst_dev_put() replaces dst-\u003edev\nwith blackhole_netdev, so dst entries do not keep skb-\u003edev alive while\nqueued in the workqueue.\n\nFix these issues by:\n1. Calling skb_dst_force(skb) in xfrm_trans_queue_net() while still in the\n   caller\u0027s RCU section to ensure dst is reference-counted before queuing.\n2. Holding a reference on skb-\u003edev via dev_hold()/dev_put() across workqueue\n   deferral so skb-\u003edev remains valid during finish() callback processing.\n3. Acquiring rcu_read_lock() around the finish callback invocation loop in\n   xfrm_trans_reinject().",
  "id": "GHSA-j7rh-wqhv-hc9p",
  "modified": "2026-10-07T09:32:18Z",
  "published": "2026-10-06T09:31:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-98369"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0cda8273265d30cac6423834fd7d4acb75f04fdb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41e47f1664be86c91326f0afe0504a1162d00907"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6601d91a85761f33351c71e04ec0bbd294ca07ce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/664fc0941df7c1918b2cd4de6ee00469ba77d8e4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/68a317b4aec8ca1868a39d69e40f9e29baa4f40a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6eb3b071be8e260543c604550c54dac66e6b174b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2f5082f9e84653fa1a9e8aebaaff23e688f5e19"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

MSRC_CVE-2026-98369

Vulnerability from csaf_microsoft - Published: 2026-10-07 01:11 - Updated: 2026-10-07 01:11

Summary

xfrm: add missing rcu_read_lock(), skb_dst_force() and dev_hold() for xfrm_trans_reinject()

Scope

1 vulnerability in this advisory, including CVE-2026-98369.

CVE-2026-98369

Known affected: 1 product

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Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-98369 (GCVE-0-2026-98369)

FKIE_CVE-2026-98369

GHSA-J7RH-WQHV-HC9P

MSRC_CVE-2026-98369

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Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour