CVE-2026-98056 (GCVE-0-2026-98056)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-25 10:24 – Updated: 2026-09-25 14:41
VLAI
Title
nvme: remove stale namespaces by NSID range during scan
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nvme: remove stale namespaces by NSID range during scan nvme_scan_ns_list() drops the stale namespaces in each gap in the reported NSID list one NSID at a time. Every iteration calls nvme_find_get_ns() to look the namespace up and removes it if it is present. The loop runs once per NSID in the gap rather than once per namespace actually present. NSIDs are 32-bit, so a target with a sparse NSID space can make a single gap spin the loop billions of times with nothing to remove. watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#4 stuck for 26s! Workqueue: nvme-wq nvme_scan_work [nvme_core] RIP: 0010:__srcu_read_unlock+0xb/0x20 Call Trace: nvme_find_get_ns+0x7d/0xb0 [nvme_core] nvme_scan_ns_list+0xe8/0x280 [nvme_core] nvme_scan_work+0x18a/0x280 [nvme_core] process_one_work+0x197/0x380 worker_thread+0x2fe/0x410 kthread+0xe0/0x100 Rename nvme_remove_invalid_namespaces() to nvme_remove_nsid_range() and give it an open (start, end) NSID range. ctrl->namespaces is sorted by NSID, so the whole gap is dropped in a single walk that stops once end is reached. This bounds the work by the namespaces that are present instead of by the size of the gap.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33 , < c84ad7407fb16b92d9b7a649cc304a9cf3757897 (git)
Affected: 540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33 , < f56b2bb4b18b017b056c4c17c66b2c4c54bf6ee4 (git)
Affected: 540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33 , < 52200fc41a79da430ccf7c126ed837535b087ea2 (git)
Affected: 540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33 , < 4ed7f3d7d435bf5b63da2814dc9270f5ba896011 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 4.5
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.5 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.111 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.53 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2.7 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.3-rc2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/nvme/host/core.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "c84ad7407fb16b92d9b7a649cc304a9cf3757897",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "f56b2bb4b18b017b056c4c17c66b2c4c54bf6ee4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "52200fc41a79da430ccf7c126ed837535b087ea2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4ed7f3d7d435bf5b63da2814dc9270f5ba896011",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/nvme/host/core.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.5"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.5",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.111",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.53",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.7",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3-rc2",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.111",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.53",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.7",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.3-rc2",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnvme: remove stale namespaces by NSID range during scan\n\nnvme_scan_ns_list() drops the stale namespaces in each gap in the\nreported NSID list one NSID at a time. Every iteration calls\nnvme_find_get_ns() to look the namespace up and removes it if it is\npresent. The loop runs once per NSID in the gap rather than once per\nnamespace actually present.\n\nNSIDs are 32-bit, so a target with a sparse NSID space can make a\nsingle gap spin the loop billions of times with nothing to remove.\n\n  watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#4 stuck for 26s!\n  Workqueue: nvme-wq nvme_scan_work [nvme_core]\n  RIP: 0010:__srcu_read_unlock+0xb/0x20\n  Call Trace:\n   nvme_find_get_ns+0x7d/0xb0 [nvme_core]\n   nvme_scan_ns_list+0xe8/0x280 [nvme_core]\n   nvme_scan_work+0x18a/0x280 [nvme_core]\n   process_one_work+0x197/0x380\n   worker_thread+0x2fe/0x410\n   kthread+0xe0/0x100\n\nRename nvme_remove_invalid_namespaces() to nvme_remove_nsid_range()\nand give it an open (start, end) NSID range. ctrl-\u003enamespaces is\nsorted by NSID, so the whole gap is dropped in a single walk that\nstops once end is reached. This bounds the work by the namespaces\nthat are present instead of by the size of the gap."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The gap is taken from the NSID list in the controller\u0027s Identify Active Namespace List (CNS 02h) reply. Over NVMe/TCP a remote target writes that reply, and nvme_scan_ns_list() uses it without checks. A list such as {1, 0xFFFFFFFE} makes the \u0027while (++prev \u003c nsid) nvme_ns_remove_by_nsid()\u0027 loop run about 4 billion times.\nAC:L - The target decides the NSID list, so the gap size is fully under its control and the spin happens every time. The target can also restart it on demand by sending a Namespace Attribute Changed AEN, which nvme_handle_aen_notice() turns into nvme_queue_scan().\nPR:N - No host credentials are needed. The data is the target\u0027s own Identify reply, which nvme_scan_work() reads automatically whenever the controller goes live or an AEN arrives.\nUI:N - Once the host is connected, the target sets off the scan itself (at connect or via its own AEN). No user on the host has to do anything.\nS:U - The damage stays inside the host kernel\u0027s NVMe core scan worker. No VM, IOMMU or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:N - The loop only looks up and removes namespaces with nvme_find_get_ns() and nvme_ns_remove(). Nothing is read out of bounds and no memory is disclosed.\nI:N - No memory is corrupted. The fix only bounds how much work the stale-namespace removal does, and the old code removed the right namespaces, just far too slowly.\nA:H - nvme_scan_work pins a CPU for about 2^32 SRCU lookups with no cond_resched(), which causes a soft lockup (a panic if softlockup_panic is set) while holding ctrl-\u003escan_lock. Repeated AENs keep it going, which stalls namespace management and controller teardown."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-25T14:41:59.133Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c84ad7407fb16b92d9b7a649cc304a9cf3757897"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f56b2bb4b18b017b056c4c17c66b2c4c54bf6ee4"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/52200fc41a79da430ccf7c126ed837535b087ea2"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ed7f3d7d435bf5b63da2814dc9270f5ba896011"
        }
      ],
      "title": "nvme: remove stale namespaces by NSID range during scan",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-98056",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-25T10:24:02.919Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:19:56.072Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-25T14:41:59.133Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-98056",
      "date": "2026-09-26",
      "epss": "0.00603",
      "percentile": "0.46713"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/nvme/host/core.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "c84ad7407fb16b92d9b7a649cc304a9cf3757897",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "f56b2bb4b18b017b056c4c17c66b2c4c54bf6ee4",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "52200fc41a79da430ccf7c126ed837535b087ea2",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4ed7f3d7d435bf5b63da2814dc9270f5ba896011",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/nvme/host/core.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.5"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.5",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.12.111",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.18.53",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "7.2.7",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "7.3-rc2",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnvme: remove stale namespaces by NSID range during scan\n\nnvme_scan_ns_list() drops the stale namespaces in each gap in the\nreported NSID list one NSID at a time. Every iteration calls\nnvme_find_get_ns() to look the namespace up and removes it if it is\npresent. The loop runs once per NSID in the gap rather than once per\nnamespace actually present.\n\nNSIDs are 32-bit, so a target with a sparse NSID space can make a\nsingle gap spin the loop billions of times with nothing to remove.\n\n  watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#4 stuck for 26s!\n  Workqueue: nvme-wq nvme_scan_work [nvme_core]\n  RIP: 0010:__srcu_read_unlock+0xb/0x20\n  Call Trace:\n   nvme_find_get_ns+0x7d/0xb0 [nvme_core]\n   nvme_scan_ns_list+0xe8/0x280 [nvme_core]\n   nvme_scan_work+0x18a/0x280 [nvme_core]\n   process_one_work+0x197/0x380\n   worker_thread+0x2fe/0x410\n   kthread+0xe0/0x100\n\nRename nvme_remove_invalid_namespaces() to nvme_remove_nsid_range()\nand give it an open (start, end) NSID range. ctrl-\u003enamespaces is\nsorted by NSID, so the whole gap is dropped in a single walk that\nstops once end is reached. This bounds the work by the namespaces\nthat are present instead of by the size of the gap."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-98056",
        "lastModified": "2026-09-25T15:18:05.140",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.5,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-09-25T11:17:34.547",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ed7f3d7d435bf5b63da2814dc9270f5ba896011"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/52200fc41a79da430ccf7c126ed837535b087ea2"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c84ad7407fb16b92d9b7a649cc304a9cf3757897"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f56b2bb4b18b017b056c4c17c66b2c4c54bf6ee4"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.